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Exam #4
Exam #4 Chapters 8 and 10
74
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
11/03/2014

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Term
Bystander Apathy
Definition
The more people the less responsible you are.
Term
Evolutionary Psychology
Definition
Men want: Sex and domestic services
Women want: Status and Financial support
*Survival
Term
Proxemics
Definition
The study of personal space
Term
Intimate Distance
Definition
Touching. We don't let to many people get that close. 18 inches
Term
Personal Distance
Definition
4 feet. The distance you talk to your friends
Term
Social Distance
Definition
Working distance. 4-12 feet
Term
Public Distance
Definition
over 12 feet. You have to raise your voice
Term
Compliance
Definition
you will bend to the will of a person who has no power over you
Term
Foot in the door compliance
Definition
When you get someone to say yes over and over again.
Term
Door in the face Compliance
Definition
You ask to much and then make a concession.
Term
Low ball technique (bait and Switch)
Definition
More and more is added to the schedule. You get them to agree and then you change it to make it unfavorable.
Term
Passive Compliance
Definition
You put up with junk in public because you don't want to make a scene.
Term
Obedience
Definition
you bend to the will to a person who does have power over you.
Term
Conformity
Definition
Following the crowd
Term
Unanimity
Definition
when a couple out spoken people get a group to agree, even though the others really may not agree
Term
Group Think
Definition
A underlying theme that "we as a group get alone" nobody wants to hurt feelings
Term
Self-Monitoring
Definition
When you try to see what the situation demands. You try to adapt to things like dress and attitude.
Term
Cognitive Dissonance
Definition
When you come up with a rational explanation so you don't feel as bad
Term
Justification
Definition
you have less cognitive dissonance if you are justified
Term
Social Exchange Theory
Definition
We keep track of our relationships and the balance
Term
Prejudice
Definition
Hold a negative opinion on a person. Have a bad feeling about someone
Term
Halo Effect
Definition
Have an image of a person blocks your view of objective characteristics
Term
Discrimination
Definition
When you act on your prejudice thoughts
Term
Brain Washing
Definition
Forced attitude change by using punishment and reinforcement
Term
Cults
Definition
They look for people who are venerable. They have a charismatic leader.
-They love bomb you. Give unconditional love and acceptance
-They keep you busy with rituals and prayer ect.
-They get commitments from you
Term
Reference Group
Definition
The people you associate with become your reference group
Term
Friendships
Definition
Woman have more close friends, more disclosing.
Men
Term
group polarization effect
Definition
when you believe something you join a group that agrees you tend to become more extreme in your beliefs. Groups make you more extreme in your thinking
Term
Deidividuation
Definition
groups hide individual acts. (Nobody knows who out of the group threw the rock)
Term
Self serving bias
Definition
we tend to give ourselves credit for all of our successes, but our failures have excuses.
Term
Stereotypes
Definition
Widely held beliefs that people have certain traits because they belong to a particular group.
Term
Person Perception
Definition
Refers to seeing someone and then forming impressions and making judgments about that persons likability and the kind of person he or she is, such as guessing his or her intentions, traits, and behaviors.
Term
Social Psychology
Definition
A broad field whose goals are to understand and explain how our thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of, or interactions with others.
Term
Prejudice
Definition
Refers to an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude toward another group of people.
Term
Discrimination
Definition
Refers to specific unfair behaviors exhibited toward members of a group
Term
Attributions
Definition
Thing we point to as the cause of events, other people's behaviors and our own behaviors
Term
Internal Attributions
Definition
Explinations of behavior based on the internal characteristics of dispositions of the person performing the behavior. Also known as Dispositional attributions
Term
External attributions
Definition
Explinations of behavior based on the external circumstances or situations. Also known as situational attributions
Term
Psychosexual Theory- Frued
Definition
Children go through stages and what happens in these stages effects them as an adult. Frued thought of "Libido" when the child's developing this libido attaches itself to the body. Wherever that libido attaches effects your personality. "Erogeneouszone"
Oral Stage #1: Oral Dependent, oral aggressive.
Anal Stage #2: Anal retentive, anal expulsive.
Phallic stage ages 3-6: The copy stage. you try to be like mommy or daddy
Latency ages 6-12: Letting your personality set up
Genital ages 12+: Advent of adult sexuality. Conflicts of your personality come to a head
Term
Psychosocial Theory- Erirson
Definition
"The first year of life is trust vs. mistrust."
See chart in notes
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
Refers to our tendency, when we look for causes of a person's behavior, to focus on the person's disposition or personality traits and overlook how the situation influenced the person's behavior.
Term
Actor-Observer Effect
Definition
Refers to the tendency, when you are behaving, to attribute your own behavior to situational factors.
Term
Self-Serving Bias
Definition
Refers to explaining our successes by attributing them to our dispositions or personality traits and explaining our failures by attributing them to the situations
Term
Attitude
Definition
any belief or opinion that includes an evaluation of some objects, person, or event along a continuum from neg. to pos. and that predisposes us to act in a certain way toward that object, person, or event.
Term
Cognitive Dissonance
Definition
Refers to a state of unpleasant psychological tension that motivates us to reduce our cognitive inconsistencies by making our beliefs more consistent with our behavior
Term
Counter attitudinal Behavior
Definition
involves taking a public position that runs counter to your private attitude.
Term
Self-Perception Theory
Definition
Says that we first observe or perceive our own behavior and then, as a result, we change our attitudes.
Term
Central route for Persuasion
Definition
Presents info with strong arguments, analyses, facts, and logic
Term
Peripheral route for persuasion
Definition
Emphasizes emotional appeal, focuses on personal traits, and generates positive feelings.
Term
Conformity
Definition
Refers to any behavior you preform because of group pressure, even though that pressure might not involve direct requests.
Term
Compliance
Definition
A kind of conformity in which we give in to social pressure in our public responses but do not change our private beliefs
Term
Foot-In-The-Door Technique
Definition
Refers to the technique of starting with a little request to gain eventual compliance with a later request
Term
Obedience
Definition
Refers to performing some behavior in response to an order given by someone in a position of power of authority.
Term
Debriefing
Definition
Occurs after an experimental procedure and involves explaining the purpose and method of the experiment, asking the subjects their feelings about being in the experiment, and helping the subject deal with possible doubt or guilt arising from their behaviors in the experimental.
Term
Groups
Definition
Collections of 2 or more people who interact, share some common idea, goals, or purpose, and influence how their members think and behave
Term
Group cohesion
Definition
Group togetherness, which is determined by how much much group members perceive that they share common attributes
Term
Group Norms
Definition
The formal or informal rules about how group members should behave
Term
Social Comparison Theory
Definition
Says that we are driven to compare ourselves to others who are similar to us, so that we can measure the correctness of our attitudes and beliefs
Term
Task-Oriented Group
Definition
The members have specific duties to complete
Term
Socially Oriented Group
Definition
The members are primarily conceded about fostering and maintaining social relationships among members of the group
Term
Social Facilitation
Definition
Is an increase in performance in the presence of a crowd
Term
Social Inhibition
Definition
A decrease in performance of a crowd
Term
Deindividuation
Definition
Refers to the increased tendency for subjects to behave irrationally or preform antisocial behaviors when there is less chance of being personally identified.
Term
Bystander Effect
Definition
Says that an individual may feel inhibited from taking some action because of the presence of others
Term
Diffusion Of Responsibility Theory
Definition
Says that, in the presence of others, individuals feel less personal responsibility and are less likely to take action in a situation where help is required
Term
Group polarization
Definition
A phenomenon in which group discussion reinforces the majority's point of view and shifts that view to a more extreme position.
Term
Group think
Definition
Refers to a group making bad decisions because the group is more conceded about reaching agreement and sticking together than gathering the relevant info and considering all the alternatives
Term
Social cognitive Theory
Definition
Says that much of human behavior, including aggressive behavior, may be learned through watching, imitating, and modeling, and does not require the observer to preform any observable behavior or receive any observable reward
Term
Frustration-Agression Hypothesis
Definition
Says that when our goals are blocked, we become frustrated and resound with anger and aggression
Term
Modified Frustration-agression Hypothesis
Definition
Says that although frustration may lead to aggression, a number of situational and cognitive factors may override the aggression response
Term
Pro Social Behavior (helping)
Definition
Any behavior that benefits others or has positive social consequences
Term
Altruism
Definition
One form of helping or doing something, often at a cost or risk, for reasons other that the expectation of material or social reward
Term
Decision-Stage Model of Helping
Definition
Says that you go through 5 stages in deciding to help. See page 489 for steps
Term
Arousal-cost-reward model of helping
Definition
Says that we make decisions to help by calculating the cost and rewards of helping
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