Shared Flashcard Set

Details

exam4
exam
53
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/02/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 throughout the body is accomplished through the release of hormones including steroid hormones and sex hormones

Definition

widespread communication

Term

Widespread communication throughout the body is accomplished through the release of hormones including

Definition
steroid hormones and sex hormones
Term
have two types of sex hormones androgens and estrogens
Definition
Both sexes
Term
can have the following effects organizing effects that occur during development to determine whether the brain and body will develop male or female characteristics and activating effects that occur at any time of life and temporarily activate a particular response *i.e. puberty, emotions, sex behaviors
Definition
sex hormones
Term
 occur during development to determine whether the brain and body will develop male or female characteristics
Definition
organizing effects
Term
 occur at any time of life and temporarily activate a particular response *i.e. puberty, emotions, sex behaviors
Definition
activating effects
Term

in humans depends mostly on the level of testosterone during a sensitive period at about the third and fourth month of pregnancy. 

Definition
Sexual differentiation
Term

early in life bind to receptors in specific areas of the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other brain areas and produce anatomical and physiological differences. 

Definition
Sex hormones
Term
do not cause behavior but rather alter the activity in various brain areas to change the way the brain responds to certain stimuli. 
Definition
hormones
Term

Sex hormones  increase responses of certain areas of the hypothalamus such as

 

Definition

ventromedial nucleus

medialpreoptic area (MPOA),

anterior hypothalamus.

Term
trigger the release of dopamine by the MPOA and other areas the dopamine release is associated with sexual arousal and erotoninactivity decreases sexual activity by blocking dopamine release.
Definition
testosterone and estradiol
Term
  is associated with sexual arousal .
Definition
dopamine release
Term
 decreases sexual activity by blocking dopamine release.
Definition
erotonin activity
Term

 suggests that specific genes influence whether people prefer single or multiple mates

Definition
no direct evidence
Term

are likely to be a product of developmental learning

Definition
mating behaviors
Term

 is affected by two major issues gender identity as a learned product of developmental experience and biological factors of prenatal hormones

***True

Definition

gender identity

Term
 of emotion suggests that the autonomic arousal and skeletal action occurs first in an emotion
Definition
The James-Lange theory
Term
people with a weak autonomic or skeletal response should feel less emotion
Definition
according to the James-Lange theory
Term
creating certain body actions may also influence ____
Definition
emotion
Term

includes the forebrain areas surrounding the thalamus and has traditionally been regarded as critical for emotion

Definition
the limbic system
Term
People with greater activity in the ____tend to be happier, more out-going and friendlier
Definition
left hemisphere
Term
People with greater activity in the ___tend to be socially withdrawn, less satisfied with life, and prone to unpleasant emotions. 
Definition
righ themisphere
Term
is to help us make decisions
Definition
one major function of emotion
Term
 are associated with increased activity in the corticomedial area of the amygdala
Definition
attack behaviors
Term
of the mother have been identified as an important correlational prenatal factor as influencing violent behavior
Definition
smoking habits
Term
studies suggest a connection between ___and low serotonin release
Definition
aggressive behavior
Term
is the enzyme that converts tryptophan into serotonin
Definition
tryptophan hydroxylase
Term
interferes with the learning of fear responses, retention of fear responses previously learned, and interpreting or understanding stimuli with emotional consequences
Definition
damage to the amygdala
Term
intended to control anxiety alter activity at amygdala synapses change the excitatory neuromodulator in the amygdala CCK (cholecystokinin) and the main inhibitory transmitter in GABA
Definition
drugs
Term

emphasizes the effects of diet, smoking, exercise, stressful experiences, and other behaviors on health

Definition
behavioral medicine
Term
 two systems in the body including the autonomic nervous system - “fight or flight” response and the HPA axis - the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex
Definition
stress activates
Term
 researched classical conditioning in which pairing of two stimuli changes the response to one of them
Definition
Ivan Pavlov
Term
response can be elicited by the CS without the UCS, which is known as a conditioned response (CR).
Definition
after several pairings
Term

esponses are followed by reinforcement or punishment that either strengthen or weaken a behavior

Definition
in operant conditioning
Term
proposed two key principles about the nervous system equipotentialitywhich means all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex functioning behaviors (e.g. learning) and mass actiondescribes the cortex working as a whole, not as solitary isolated units
Definition
Lashley
Term
 which means all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex functioning behaviors (e.g. learning)
Definition
equipotentiality
Term
 describes the cortex working as a whole, not as solitary isolated units
Definition
mass action
Term
 in 1949 differentiated between two types of memory short-term memory and long-term memory
Definition
Hebb
Term

Three major components of working memory include

Definition

phonological loop,

visuospatialsketchpad

central executive

Term

of the prefrontal cortex in the elderly is associated with decreasing memory

Definition
declining activity
Term
different areas of the hippocampus are active during memory formation and retrieval damage results in ___
Definition
amnesia
Term
Two major types of amnesia include
Definition

anterograde amnesia

retrograde amnesia

 

Term
 which is a loss of the ability to form new memory after the brain damage occurred
Definition
anterograde amnesia
Term
which is the loss of memory events prior to the occurrence of the brain damage
Definition
retrograde amnesia
Term
Explicit memory is the deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as a memory and implicit memory is the influence of recent experience on behavior without realizing one is using memory
Definition
true
Term
is the deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as a memory and
Definition
explicit memory
Term
is the influence of recent experience on behavior without realizing one is using memory
Definition
implicit memory
Term
 is the process of strengthening short-term memories into long-term memories by small to moderate amounts of cortisol which activate the amygdala and hippocampus where they enhance storage and consolidation of recent experiences
Definition
Consolidation
Term
 is prolonged thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency impedes the ability of the brain to metabolize glucose. 
Definition
korsakoff’s syndrome
Term
 is associated with a gradually progressive loss of memory often occurring in old age with 99% pf cases being late onset and only early onset seems to be infuenced by genes
Definition
Alzheimer’s disease
Term
gender identity is affected by two major issues
Definition

gender identity

biological factors

Supporting users have an ad free experience!