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EXAM2
Definitions
37
Art History
Undergraduate 1
05/31/2010

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Tholos*
Definition

A circular building covered by a pyramid of cone-shaped roof.

1) Tholos at Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, Delphi

2) Tend to be elegant and more expensive to contrcut than rectangular buildings

3) Relatively few examples remain today

 

Term
Contrapposto*
Definition

The cross-balancing of supporting and free elements in a figure. One shoulder lower down from the other, and one hip raised higher than the other

1) Kritian Boy

2) Warrior Riace Bronzes

3)Doryphoros by Polykleitos

Term
Acropolis*
Definition

The citadel of an ancient Greek city, located at its highest point. 

1) Athenian Acropolis

2) Pergamene Acropolis

3) Acropolis literally means "high city"

Term
Parapet*
Definition

A low wall at the edge of a balcony, bridge, roof or other place from which there is a steep drop.

1) Parapet of Athena Nike

2) Parapets of Tholos at Delphi - 2 different size, led to discussion about what the roof looked like.

3) Built for safety

Term
Replicas*
Definition

A copy or reproduction of a work of art.

1) Doryphoros by Polykleitos

2) Hermes and the Infant Dionysus by Praxiteles

3) Apoxyomenos by Lyssipos

Term
Pergamene Style*
Definition

This type of art was often theatrical, with complex, twisting poses, and exaggerated expressions in the face. 

1) Laocoon

2) Nike of Samothrace

3) Frieze of the Altar of Zeus at Pergamon

Term
Realism*
Definition

Artists' attempt to portray the world as they saw it.

1) Charioteer of Delphi

2) Garden Scene

3) Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus (?)

Term
Naturalism
Definition
A style of depiction that seeks to imitate the appearance of nature. A naturalistic work appears to record the visible world.
Term
Idealism
Definition

A process in art through which artists strive to make their forms and figures attain perfection, based on pervading cultural values and/or their own mental image of beauty.

1) Doryphoros by Polykleitos

2) Apoxyomenos by Lysippos

Term
Forum*
Definition
The marketplace or public square of an ancient Roman city, the center of judicial and business affairs and a place of assembly for the people.
1) Forum of Trajan
2) Forum of Augustus
3) Forum of Julius Caesar
Term
Exedrae
Definition

In architecture, a semicircular niche. On a small scale, often used as decoration, whereas larger exedrae can form interior spaces.

1) Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina

Term
Arcade*
Definition

A series of arches, carried by columns or piers and supporting a common wall or lintel. 

1) Colosseum, Rome

2) Pont du Gard, Nimes

3) Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina

Term
Colonnade*
Definition

A row of columns, supporting a straight lintel (as in a porch) or a series of arches (arcade)

1) Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina

2) Parthenon

3) Basilica Ulpia, Rome

Term
Aqueduct*
Definition

 

An artificial channel for transporting water from a distance, usually by means of gravity.
1) Pont du Gard, Nimes
2) Porticus Aemilius
3) Strictly utilitarian, but the are made aesthetically pleasing.
Term
Concrete*
Definition

an artificial, stonelike material used for various structural purposes, made by mixing cement and various aggregates, as sand, pebbles, gravel, or shale, with water and allowing the mixture to harden.

Examples of concrete construction:

1) Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina

2) Pont du Gard, Nimes

3) Colosseum, Rome

Term
Veneer
Definition

In architecture, the exterior facing of a building, often in decorative patterns of fine stone or brick.

1) Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina

2) Used over concrete because it absorbed moisture

 

Term
Cella*
Definition

The principal interior room at the center of a Greek or Roman temple within which the cult statue was usually housed.

1) Temple to Portunus, Forum Boarium

2) Temple of Athena Nike

3) Parthenn

Term
Dado
Definition

The lower part of a wall, differentiated in some way (by a molding or different coloring or paneling) from the upper section.

1) Ara Pacis

2) Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus (?)

Term
Engaged*
Definition

A column attached to a wall.

1) Temple of Portunus in Rome

2) Maison Carre, Nimes

3) Uniquely Roman feature

Term
Peripteral*
Definition

A term used to describe any building or room that is surrounded by a single row of columns. 

1) Temple of Portunus, Rome

2) Peristyle Garden, House of Vettii, Pompeii

3) Temple of Olympian Zeus at Athens is an example of dipteral plan - meaning the room is surrounded by two rows of columns

Term
Verism*
Definition

True to life. A style in which the artists concern themselves with capturing the exact likeness of a person, usually by rendering their visible details in a finely executed, meticulous manner.

1) Pompey the Great

2) Julius Caesar

3) Middle Aged Flavian Woman

4) Vespasian

Term
Cameo
Definition
gemstone, clay, glass, or shell having layers of color, carved in low relief to create an image and ground of different colors.
Term
Atrium
Definition

An unroofed interior courtyard or room in a Roman house, sometimes having a pool or garden, sometimes surrounded by columns.

1) Peristyle Garden, House of the Vettii, Pompeii

Term
Peristyle*
Definition

A surrounding colonnade in Greek architecture. A peristyle building is surrounded on the exterior by a colonnade.

1) Parthenon

2) Peristyle Garden, House of the Vettii, Pompeii

3) Temple to Portuns, Forum Boarium

Term
Portico*
Definition

In architecture, a projecting roof or porch supported by columns, often marking an entrance.

1) Temple of Portunus, Forum Boarium

2) Maison Carree, Nimes

3) Propylaea

Term
Tondo*
Definition

A painting or relief sculpture of circular shape

1)Young Woman Writing

2) Septimius Severus and Family, From Fayum

3) Coins, Julius Caesar

Term
Prostyle*
Definition

 Having a portico on the front with the columns in front of the antae.

1) Temple of Athena Nike

2) Parthenon

3) Erechtheion

Term
Tablinum
Definition

 A large, open room at the side of the peristyle farthest from the main entrance in an ancient Roman house.

1) Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii

2) House of the Vettii, Pompeii

Term
Apse
Definition
A large semicircular or polygonal (and usually vaulted) niche protruding from  the end wall of a building.
Term
Nave
Definition
The central space of a basilica, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles.
Term
Clerestory
Definition
The topmost zone of a wall with windows in a basilica extending above the aisle roofs. Provides direct light into the central interior space (nave).
Term
Groin vaults
Definition
A vault created by the intersection of two barrel vaults or equal size with creates four side compartments of identical shape and size and shape.
Term
Coffers
Definition

A recessed decorative panel that is used to reduce the weight of and to decorate ceilings of vaults. 

1) Pantheon

Term
Oculus
Definition

In architecture, a circular opening. Oculi are usually found either as windows or at the apex of a dome. When at the top of a dome, an oculus is either open to the sky or covered by a decorative exterior lantern.

1) Dome of the Parthenon

Term
Apotheosis
Definition

The elevation or exaltation of a person to the rank of a god.

1) Arch of Titus

Term
Axial Plan
Definition
1) Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia
Term
Triumphal Arch
Definition

An arch built to depict the victory of a battle.

1) Part architecture, part sculpture.

1) Arch of Titus, Rome

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