Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam #1
Love/Belonging/Reproduction/Conception/Implantation...
72
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
01/21/2010

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Fertility Rate

Definition

 

 

What proportion of women who could have babies are having them.

Term

 

Fetal Death Rate

Definition
death in utero of a fetus weighing 500 kg or more, roughly the weight of a fetus 20 wks. or more gestation. reflects overall quality of maternal health and prenatal care
Term

 

Neonatal death rate

Definition
death occuring at birth or in the first 28 days of life. reflects the quality of cre available to women during pregnancy and childbirth but also to infants during the first month of life.
Term

 

Neonates

Definition

 

the first 28 days of life is known as the neonatal period.

Term

 

Leading cause of death for neonates

Definition

 

prematurity, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies

Term

 

Perinatal death rate

Definition

 

The number of deaths of fetus more than 500 g and in the first 28 days of life. sum of fetal and neonatal death rates.

Term

 

infant mortality rate

Definition

 

death occuring at birth or in the first 12 months of life.

Term

 

Obstetrics

Definition

 

medicine. concerned w/ the management of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium.

Term

 

Maternity Nursing

Definition

 

delivering professional quality health care while recognizing and focusing on the physical and psychosocial needs of the childbearing woman, family and newborn.

Term

 

Parturition

Definition

 

The act or process of giving birth.

There are 3 stages.

Term

 

1) Antepartum

Definition

 

The time period during pregnancy before onset of labor

Term

 

2)Intrapartum

Definition

 

The time period during the process of labor and delivery

Term

 

3) Postpartum

Definition

 

The first 6 weeks after childbirth

Term

 

Puerperium

Definition
the time period between the end of labor and delivery and the return of the uterus to its normal condition. same as postpartum. first 6 weeks following childbirth
Term

 

Gravida

Definition

 

the number of times a woman has been pregnant, including the present pregnancy, regardless of the duration or outcome of the pregnancy

Term

 

Nulligravida

Definition

 

 Woman has never been pregnant

Term

 

Primigravida

Definition

 

The woman is pregnant for the first time

Term

 

Multigravida

Definition

 

the woman has been pregnant more than once

Term

 

Para

Definition

number of pregnancies that reached viability (24 wks+) regardless of whether the infants were born alive or not.

*refers to the number of pregnancies not the number of fetuses. Ex. First pregnancy is twins: G1 P1

Term

 

Nullipara

Definition

 

woman who has never completed a pregnancy beyond a spontaneous or elective abortion

Term

 

Primipara

Definition

 

woman who has given birth once after a pregnancy of at least 20 wks. gestation.

Term

 

Multipara

Definition

 

woman who has given birth two or more times at 20 or more wks. of gestation

Term

 

High risk families

Definition

 

marital conflict and divorce, adolescent parenting, violence, substance abuse, children w/ special needs

Term

 

Early discharge

Definition

 

focus on patient teaching so clients can take better care of themselves. careful assessment and reporting so they don't get discharged w/ a problem.

Term

 

Rooming in

Definition

 

Infant stays in mom's room for most or all of day/night

Term

 

Traditional hospital childbirth room setting

Definition

 

separate labor, delivery, recovery, postpartum room. safe setting, impersonal/uncomfortable.

Term

 

LDR

Definition

 

labor, delivery, recovery all done in the same room w/ the same nurses. mom then moves into postpartum unit, infant to nursery or rooming in

Term

 

LDRP

Definition

 

Mom and infant remain in same room until discharged. Nicely decorated, special beds/chairs. homelike.

Term

 

Birth Centers

Definition

 

provide care to low risk women outside the hospital setting. less expensive. not prepared for emergencies

Term

 

Positions of childbirth

Definition

 

Dorsal lithotomy for convenience of MD or midwife

Term

 

Perineum

Definition

 

skin covered region between vagina and anus. during labor stretches and becomes very thin, sometimes tearing when baby is born.

Term

 

2 ovaries

Definition

 

oocytes(immature egg), produces sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

Term

 

2 oviducts or fallopian tubes

Definition
conduct oocyte from ovary to the uterus. fertilization occurs here.
Term

 

uterus

Definition
chamber of developing fetus, endometrial lining
Term

 

Cervix

Definition

 

opening of uterus. secretes mucus that facilitates sperm and blocks bacteria.

Term

 

vagina

Definition

 

birth canal

Term

 

Bony pelvis

Definition

 

structured to adapt to the demands of childbearing

Term

 

Gynecoid

Definition

 

traditional female pelvis

Term

 

breasts

Definition

 

function-lactation

Term

 

androgens

Definition

 

males sex hormones

Term

 

testosterone

Definition

 

secondary sexual characteristics

Term

 

fertility

Definition

 

related to sperm number, size, shape and motility

Term

 

Menstrual Cycle

Definition

 

2 cycles: Ovarian and Endometrial

Term

 

Ovarian

Definition

 

Has 3 phases

Term

 

1) Follicular

Definition

 

follicle develops in ovary

Term

 

2) ovulation

Definition

 

egg released from follicle/ovary

Term

 

3) Luteal

Definition

 

follicle becomes the corpus luteum

Term

 

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Leutenizing hormone (LH)

Definition

 

hypothalamus secretes GnRH that stimulates the pituatry to secrete FSH and LH

Term

 

Ovarian Cycle

Definition
FSH and LH stimulate a follicle to begin maturing. follicle grows and matures. follicle begins releasing estrogen. as estrogen levels increase the hypothalamus releases GnRH, which stimulates the pituitary to secret LH
Term

 

The follicle/ovulation

Definition

 

in response to elevated LH, the follicle bursts releasing the egg (ovulation) from the ovary into the fallopian tube

Term

 

which hormone stimulates ovulation the most?

Definition

 

increased LH

Term

 

after releasing the egg the follicle becomes..

Definition

 

 the corpus luteum.

Term

 

corpus luteum

Definition

 

begins producing progesterone

Term

 

Progesterone

Definition

 

prepares the uterus and endometrium for pregnancy. needed to maintain pregnancy.

Term

 

If no pregnancy occurs.. 

Definition

 

the corpus luteum degenerates and stops producing progesterone.

Term

 

If the egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube and successfully implants into the endometrium of the uterus..

Definition

 

the embryo begins producing Human Chorionic Gonadotripin(HCG)

Term

 

HCG

Definition

 

maintains the corpus luteum, which results in the continued release of progesterone which maintains the uterus during pregnancy.

Term

 

Spinnbarkheit

Definition

 

elasticity of cervical mucous

Term

 

Ferning

Definition

 

crystallization of cervical mucus

Term

 

Temperature

Definition

 

increased basal body temp. while ovulating

Term

 

mittelschmerz

Definition

 

abdominal cramping during ovulation

Term

 

endometrial cycle

Definition

 

the uterine endometrium responds to ovarian hormone stimulation

Term

 

3 phases that mark endometrial changes

Definition

 

proliferative, secretory, menstrual

Term

 

proliferative phase

Definition

takes place as ovum matures and is released during the first half of the ovarian cycle.

endometrial lining thickens.

new endometrial epithelium and endometrial glands stimulated by estrogen secreted by ovarian follicles.

as ovulation approaches, the endometrial glands secrete a thin, stringy mucus that aids entry of sperm into the uterus.

Term

 

secretory phase

Definition

occurs during the 2nd half of the ovarian cycle as the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized ovum.

endometrium cont. to thicken. max 5-6 mm.

blood vessels and endometrial glands become twisted and dilated.

progesterone from the corpus luteum causes the thick endometrium to secrete substances to secrete substances that nourish a fertilized ovum.

large quanities of glycogen, proteins, lipids, and minerals are stored with the endometrium (awaiting arrival of the fertilized ovum.)

Term

 

Menstrual Phase

Definition

if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses and production of estrogen and progesterone falls.

about 2 days before the onset of menses, vasospasm of the endometrial blood vessels cause the endometrium to become ischemic and necrotic.

the necrotic areas of the endometrium separate form the basal layers=menstrual flow.

Term

 

climacteric phase

Definition
decline in ovarian function and loss of estrogen and progesterone production.
Term

 

perimenopausal phase

Definition
Precedes menopause, characterized by physical/psychological changes related to estrogen depletion
Term

 

Menopause

Definition

 

last menstrual period

Term

 

postmenopausal phase

Definition

 

time after menopause, estrogen produced by the adrenal glands.

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