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exam prep chapter 13-16
exam prep
33
Psychology
Post-Graduate
12/10/2013

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Term
personality
Definition
unique characteristics that account for our enduring patterns of inner experience and outward behaviour.
Term
key perspectives of personality
Definition
psychodynamic, humanistic, trait, situationist, and interactionism, biological foundations.
Term
freud's perspective
Definition
freud's view: personality forms as a result of struggles between primal needs and social or moral restraints. basic principle is: personality and behaviour are shaped by interacting.
Term
why are all theories related to freuds are called psychodynamic
Definition
most theories share the same basic notion as freud such as personality and behaviour are shaped by interacting, or dynamic, underlying forces therefore they are reffered to as psychodynamic theories.
Term
structure of personality
Definition

conscious mind: thoughts and feeling we are aware of

preconscious mind: thoughts, memories, ideas that can be easily brought up when needed. 

unconscious mind: deepest level, unaware of this level except under special circumstances. particularly important to development of personality. 

Term
freud's three central forces for personality development
Definition

instictional drives (id) 

rational thoughts (ego) 

moral limits (the superego) 

 

Term
instinctional drives
Definition

present at birth, basic instinctional needs and desires such as sleeping, sex, eating, comfort. 

sexual overtones, and sexual energy is called libido which fuels the ID 

Term
ego according to psychoanalytic theory
Definition

as we grow older, we learn all wants and desires cant be met. 

ego is responsible for satisfying impulses, it assesses what is realistically possible. Freud saw it as problem solving force,that keeps ID based impulses from bursting in destructive manner

Term
superego
Definition

formed during childhood. 

- is in charge of determining which impulses are acceptable to express openly and which are unacceptable; keeps developing as we keep learning from others in our culture. 

Term
how do personality problems and psychological disorders occur.
Definition
three forces of personality development are always at a conflict at an unconscious level to some degree if these conflicts are not resolved it result in personality probs and psychological disorders.
Term
psychosexual stages
Definition
stages in the development of personality: labelled oral(0 to 18 months), anal (18 to 3 years), phallic (3 to 6 years), latency (6 years to puberty) and genital (puberty to adult) are usually influenced by sexuality and aggression.
Term
neurosis
Definition
an abnormal behaviour pattern caused by unresolved conflicts between the id, ego, and superego
Term
defence mechanisms
Definition
unconscious tactics employed by ego to protect the individual from anxiety
Term
Repression
Definition
keeps deep dark memories buried in unconscious mind
Term
Denial
Definition
A defence mechanism; process of refusing to recognize an exisiting situation.
Term
rationalization
Definition

creating a socially acceptable exercuse to justify unacceptable behaviour 

example: cheating on taxes; everyone does it 

Term
reaction formation
Definition

not acknowledging unacceptable impulses and over emphasizing their opposite 

example: overpraising a siblings success even though you resent it 

Term

projection 

 

Definition

trasferring ones unacceptable qualities ot impulses to others. 

such as not trusting your co worker but thinking they dont trust you 

Term
displacement
Definition

diverting ones impulses to a more acceptable target

example: yelling at your family after being yelled at by your boss 

Term
sublimation
Definition

channelling socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities

ex: becoming professional fighter, redirecting aggresive behaviour

Term
regression
Definition

reverting to immature ways of responding 

throwing tantrums 

Term
identification
Definition

forming alliances with others. 

eg: joining groups for their prestige value

 

Term
intellectualization
Definition

ignoring troubling emotional aspects by focusing on abstract ideas or thoughts 

- discussing other matter rather while ignoring the pain of losing a job or break up 

- stefan from TVD 

Term
freud's notable three followers
Definition

alfred adler

carl jung 

karen horney 

Term
alfred adler's theory
Definition
adler proposed that a childs inevitable experiences of helplessness produce early feelings of inferiority, which can lead to a lifelong sense of inferiority or to a lifelong quest for completeness and superiority.
Term
carl jung's theory
Definition

personal unconscious: formed from individual experiences

collective unconscious: inherited memories

carl jung believed that unconscious drives toward joy and creativity are powerful forces in personality

 

Term
Karen Horney's theory
Definition

focused on basic anxiety developed in kids 

disagreed with freud's cultural influences on behaviour 

observed that cultural didderences play a more important role in development than traditional psychoanalytics theory acknowledged. 

Term
two famous humanistic perspective theories
Definition
abraham maslow and carl rogers
Term
self actualization
Definition

the need of humans to fulfil their full and special potential; th ehighest level of need in maslow's hierarchy of needs. 

 

Term
carl roger's self concept and unconditional positive regard
Definition

self concept: a pattern of self perception that remain consistent over time and can be used to characterize on individual 

uncond. positive regard: acceptance wihout terms and conditions ! kids with parents

 

Term

the trait perspective 

personality trait

Definition
personality trait: tendencies to behave in certain ways that remain relatively constant across situations
Term
goldon allport and hans eysenck made central traits and what were their several assumptions
Definition

1. people have innate tendencies to respond to situations in certain ways 

2. these tendencies can be linked together to form broad habits 

3. such principles can be used to form the foundation of a scientifically testable theory. 

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