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Exam 4
SA Pleural Dz
23
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
04/19/2017

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Cards

Term
What is the pleural space?
Definition
-potential space that only has a small amt of fluid to lubricate lung movement
Term
What are the 2 underlying causes of pleural effusion?
Definition
-inc fluid into pleural space
-dec lymph drainage of pleural space
Term
What causes inc fluid into pleural space causing pleural effusion?
Definition
-dec plasma oncotic P: hypoalbumineia
-inc plasma hydrostatic P: heart failure, vascular obstruction
-inc vascular perm: vasculitis
Term
What are some causes of dec lymph drainage of pleural space leading to pleural effusion?
Definition
-lymphangitis
-lymphangiectasia
-lymphangiosarcoma or other neoplasma
-heart dz
Term
What are the CS of pleural effusion?
Definition
-"restrictive" breathing pattern
-muffled heart & lungs sounds ventrally
-exercise intolerance
-cyanosis
-tachycardia
-dyspnea
Term
What diagnostic test do we do before anything else w/ a dyspnic patient?
Definition
-thoracocentesis
Term
Describe our biggest caution when performing a thoracocentesis.
Definition
-poke just cranial to rib to avoid v/a/n
Term
Where do we poke for a blind thoracocentesis?
Definition
-start in 7th/8th space
Term
What usually causes a pure transudate? Others?
Definition
-hypoalbuminemia
-others: heart dz, pericardial dz, caval syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism
Term
What are some common causes of a modified transudate?
Definition
-cardiac dz
-pericardial effusion (tamponade)
-diaphragmetic hernia
-neoplasia
-lung lobe torsion
-chronic transudate
Term
What are some common examples of a nonseptic exudate?
Definition
-neoplasia
-fungal infection
-chronic chylothorax
-FIP
-chronic modified transudate
Term
What are some common causes of septic exudate (pyothorax)?
Definition
-penetrating chest wound
-FB: most common cause in dogs
-ruptured esophagus
-ruptured pulmonary abscess
-hematogenous spread
Term
What is the most common cause of pyothorax in cats?
Definition
-cat bites
Term
What are the most common causes of pyothorax in dogs?
Definition
-migrating grass awns most common
Term
How do we treat pyothroax?
Definition
-abx
-bilateral chest tubes + lavage
-thoracotamy & labage: dog > cat
Term
Does a hemothorax clot or not clot in a red top tube?
Definition
-doesn't clot
-so if it clots it was iatrogenic
Term
What are some common causes of hemothorax?
Definition
-coaguloapthy: rodenticide
-trauma
-neoplasia
-lung lobe torsion
Term
What is the first thing you do w/ a hemothorax?
Definition
-remove what is needed to relieve dyspnea
-blood will be reabsorbed but a coagulopathy will continue to bleed
Term
What are some common causes of chylothorax?
Definition
-idiopathic: most common
-neoplasia
-HW dz
-cardiac dz
-lung lobe torsion
-diaphragmatic hernia
Term
Describe the cells in a chylothorax.
Definition
-mostly small lymphocytes
Term
How do we treat chylothorax?
Definition
-treat underlying cause if found
-medical first: thoracocentesis + low fat diet + rutin or octreotide
-sx if meds fail: thoracic duct ligation and pericardectomy
Term
What are some common neoplasms that cause neoplastic exudates?
Definition
-carcinoma
-lymphoma
-thymoma
-hemangiosarcoma
-mast cell tumor
-mesothelioma
Term
What are some common causes of eosinophilic effusion?
Definition
-HW dz
-mastocytosis
-interstitial pneumonia
-eosinophilic granulomatosis
-eosinophilic granulomatosis
-thoracic wall trauma
-neoplasia
-heart failure
-immune-med dz
-hypersensitivity
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