Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam 4
Equine Esophageal Obstruction
34
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
04/10/2017

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are some common examples of esophageal abnormalities?
Definition
-obstruction
-stricture
-diverticulum
-rupture
Term
What is the purpose of the UES? What composes it?
Definition
-prevents air aspiration & esophagopharyngeal reflux
-composed of esopahgeal striated mm & cricopharyngeus m
Term
What is the purpose of the LES? What composes it?
Definition
-prevents reflux
-composed of thickening of smooth m at gastroesophageal junction
Term
At what 4 locations is the esophagus narrowed?
Definition
-post-pharyngeal region
-thoracic inlet
-base of heart
-cardia
Term
How does atropine affect esophageal peristalsis?
Definition
-reduced amplitude in distal third
Term
What does Buscopan do?
Definition
-treats colic by relaxing small colon
Term
What do Xylazine & Detomidine do to esophageal peristalsis?
Definition
-relax striated m of the esophagus
-induce lowering of the head
Term
What does Oxytocin do to esophageal peristalsis?
Definition
-provides short-term relaxation of esophageal musculature
Term
What are the CS of esophageal obstruction?
Definition
-NASAL FEED REGURGITATION
-dysphagia
-coughing
-retching
-extension of head/neck
-agitatio or colic when first obstruct
-ptyalism
Term
What are some other differentials for ptyalism in addition to choke?
Definition
-slobber factor
-gasric reflex due to acute SI obstruction
-oral FB
-tongue abscess
-oral ulcerations: VS, foxtail, NSAIDs
Term
Which of the four locations of esophageal narrowing is predisposed to aspiration pneumonia?
Definition
-cardia
Term
What physiologically causes stricture w/ choke?
Definition
=circumferential damage
Term
What physiologically causes diverticula w/ choke?
Definition
-pulsion diverticulum: inc luminal P
-traction diverticulum: adhesions to surrounding structures
Term
How do we diagnose choke?
Definition
-palpation
-nasogastric tube
-endoscopy
-U/S
-rads
Term
What kind of contrast medium do we use w/ choke suspects?
Definition
-barium
-if suspect rupture, use iodine
Term
What are the CS of esophageal rupture?
Definition
-inflammation of cervical area
-crepitation
-air contrast in surrounding tissue on rads
-U/S
-fever, inflamm leukogram
Term
How do we treat choke?
Definition
-sedation: lower head & relax striated esophageal mm
-nasogastric intubation: DO NOT FORCE
-local aneshtetic
-gentle warm water or isotonic saline lavage
-oxytocin: proximal
-Buscopan
Term
Which agents are CI w/ choke?
Definition
-mineral oil
-DSS
Term
What do we do if initial choke tx is unsuccessful?
Definition
=NPO
-start IV fluids
-abx
-wait 8h & repeat initial course
Term
How do we treat chronic esophageal obstructions?
Definition
-fluids: replace electrolytes (frequently met alkalosis)
-abx
-anti-inflamm
-sedation/lavage
Term
What tx is our last resort for esophageal choke?
Definition
-sx
Term
How do we mangane choke?
Definition
-anti-inflamm: Flunixin
-water & electrolytes for 24-48h
-solf feed initially
Term
What are some complications seen with choke?
Definition
-reobstruction early post feeding
-aspiration pneumonia
-pleuropneumonia
-pulmonary abscess: less common but guarded prognosis
-perforation/rupture
-granulation tissue
-stricture
-divertiuclum
Term
How do we treat aspiration pneumonia?
Definition
-abx: BS IV
-anti-inflamm: Flunixin
Term
Are circumferential or longitudinal strictures secondary to choke more manageable? HOw is it treated?
Definition
-longitudinal
-tx = sx, soft feed, bouginage if used early
Term
How do we diagnose esophageal strictures & diverticula as complications of choke?
Definition
-endoscopy
-contrast rad
Term
How do we treat esophageal diverticula secondary to choke?
Definition
-dietary management
-sx correction
Term
What is a pulsion diverticulum?
Definition
-forms proximal to a stricture
-injruy or defect in muscular layer of esophagus
Term
What is a traction diverticulum?
Definition
-follows esophageal injury due to scarring
-distortion of all layers of esophageal wall
Term
What is aftercare of choke?
Definition
-w/ mucosal erosion: soft diet for 2-4w
try grass/wet hay first
-returning to solid dry feed too quickly will cause reoccurrences
Term
How do we prevent choke?
Definition
-feed separately or place bricks in feeding bucket
-routing dental care
-do not feed dehydrated horses
-do not feed sedated horses
Term
What are the three main congenital disorders of the equine esophagus?
Definition
-Ectasia: loss of myenteric plexus ganglion = muscle degen
-PRRA
-esophageal cysts
Term
What causes esophagitis?
Definition
-complication of gastroduodenal ulceration & subsequent refux
Term
How do we treat esophagitis?
Definition
-frequent small meals
-omeprazole
-Bethanechol
-Metoclopramide
Supporting users have an ad free experience!