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Exam 4
Swine Repro
65
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
11/05/2016

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Cards

Term
In what terms do we measure the productivity of any swine operation? What is the goal?
Definition
-number of pigs weaned per sow per year
-want 26-28
Term
What is the age of puberty in the pig?
Definition
-7 months
Term
What kind of estrous cycle do pigs have?
Definition
-polyestrous short day
Term
On average, how long is the sow's estrous cycle? How long does estrus last in sows and gilts?
Definition
-20.5 days
-gilst = 36-48 h & sows = 48-72h
Term
When during estrus does ovulation ovvur in the pig?
Definition
-mid to late estrus
Term
When during estrus do you breed a gilt? A sow?
Definition
-gilts: within 12-18 hours of beginning of estrus
-sows within 18-24
Term
Why do we bother with a second breeding in the pig?
Definition
-increeases conception rate and litter size
Term
What are the signs of estrus in the pig?
Definition
-fence walking/seeking boards
-vulvar swelling
-mucus discharge
-grunting
-standing sawhorse
-tilted ears
Term
How does the presence of a bar affect the signs of estrus exhibited by a pig?
Definition
-can double signs seen
Term
When does the CL mature in the sow/gilt?
Definition
-12-13d
Term
When do we select our breeding pigs?
Definition
-120 days
Term
How do we induce estrus in the gilt?
Definition
-gonadotropin at 7m
Term
How does luteolysin work in the gilt?
Definition
-PGF2a causes CL regression on or after day 12 of the cycle but not very effective before that
Term
What causes the anovulatory heat in 10-15% of sows on day 3 after farrowing?
Definition
-presence of boar
Term
How do we synchronize pigs?
Definition
-give oral progesterone
Term
How do we diagnose pregnancy in the pig?
Definition
-failure to return to estrus
-visual exam
-estrone sulfate after day 18
Term
What do we use A mode ultrasound for in a potentially pregnant pig? What about real time B mode?
Definition
-A mode detects fetal fluid
-B mode shows fetus itself
Term
When does the concuptus begin to produce estradiol in the pig? What does this do?
Definition
-10-12 days
-shifts distribution of PGF1a from uterine vasculature into the uterine lumen
Term
What is the minimum number and arrangement of embryos to support pregnancy in the pig?
Definition
-four synchronous developing embryons, 2 in each horn
Term
How long is gestation in the pig?
Definition
-111-1116 days
Term
What are the signs of parturition in the sow?
Definition
-vulvar relaxation and udder developent
-milk in glands 2-24h prior to birth
-nesting for several hours
Term
How long does stage I parturition take in the sow?
Definition
-2-12 hours
Term
How long does stage II parturition take in the sow?
Definition
-2-6 horus
Term
HOw do we induce parturition in the sow?
Definition
-10 mg Lutalyze or 125-250ug Estrumate
-use oxytocin 24h after
Term
what are the three major causes of pig dystocias?
Definition
-uterine inertia: primary
-disproportion: secondary
-malposition: secondary
Term
What is the normal occurrence of stillbirths in pigs?
Definition
-5-6%
Term
What factors can lead to non-infectious stillbirths?
Definition
-parity over 6
-large or small litters
-large or small pigs
-long farrowing period
-birth interval longerthan fifteen mins
-too fat or thin pig
-umbilical cord rupture
-anemic sows
-hot weather
-carbon monoxide
-hypocalcemia
-vit E deficiency
Term
How do we prevent non-infectious stillbirths?
Definition
-oxytocin at a low dose
-monitor farrowin
-induced parturition with attendance
Term
HOw many times a week can a boar be used?
Definition
-three
Term
When should you time mating relative to ovulation?
Definition
-0-12h before ovulation
Term
Why is uterine size important?
Definition
-uterine size will limit the number of embryos that survive after day 25
Term
What causes SMEDI?
Definition
-procine parvo virus
-porcine entero virus
-PRRS
-EMC
-pseudorabies
-porcine influenza virus
-TGE
-japanese encephalitis virus
Term
How is porcine parvo passed? Where in the body does it replciate?
Definition
-oral ingestion
-tonsils
Term
What effects does porcine parvo have on the fetus?
Definition
-fetal vasculitis
-<35 days: embryonic death
-day 35-70: mummification
Term
Which group of animals is most susceptible to porcine parvo?
Definition
-young animals
Term
What does porcine enterovirus cause in adult female pigs?
Definition
-enteritis, pneumonia, and infertility
Term
What does porcine enterovirus cause in boars?
Definition
-testicular degeneration and seminal vesculitis
Term
What happens if the sow is infected with porcine enterovirus before day 30?
Definition
-resorption
Term
What happens if the sow is infected iwht PEV at day 30-70?
Definition
-resorption and mummification
Term
What happens if the sow is infected with PEV after ay 70?
Definition
-abortion, mummification, and stillbirths
Term
What does EMC virus cause in young pigs? IHow is it transmitted to fetus?
Definition
-non-supportive myocarditis
-transplacental transmission
Term
What kind of virus is PRRS? Describe the respiratory form.
Definition
-lelystad virus
-preweaning mortality inc and nursery mortality inc
Term
Describe the repro form of PRRS.
Definition
-SMEDI with still births most common
-in semen
-causes infertility
Term
How do we avoid bactrial infections introduced at breeding/parturition in the farrowing crate?
Definition
-practice all in all out
Term
How do we diagnose bacterial infections from farrowing crate?
Definition
-uterine cultures
Term
How do we treat bacterial infections?
Definition
-use clean breeding lots and give antibiotics before and after
-boar prepuce flushed and treated with antibiotics
-clean farrowing crates daily
-all in all out
Term
What are the clinical signs of septicemia in sows?
Definition
-fever and abort 2-3 days
Term
What causes septicemic abortion in sows?
Definition
-Streptococci
-Strep suis type II
-e coli
-erysipelas
-salmonellosis
-pasteurellosis
-hemophilus parahemolyticus and parasuis
Term
How do we diagnose septicemic abortion in sows?
Definition
-isolate organism from sow's blood
Term
What two organisms cause abortion without septicemia in sows?
Definition
-leptospirosis
-brucellosis
Term
What is the most common lepto isolate in swine? What is the reservoir?
Definition
=Pomona
-cows
Term
In addition to Pomona, what other lepto serovar is significant in swine?
Definition
-Bratislava
Term
Describe the pathogenesis of leptospirosis in the adult swine.
Definition
-mild fever sometimes and voids lepto in urine in 10 dyas with lepto chronically in kidney tubuls and repro tract
Term
What happens if pregnant sow is infected with lepto during first 30 days of gestation?
Definition
-nothing
Term
What happens if pregnant sows are infected with lepto during second 30 days of gestation?
Definition
-fetal deat and absroption
Term
What happens if pregnant sows are infected with lepto during last half of gestation?
Definition
-abortion, stillbirths, or mummification
Term
How do we diagnose lepto in swine?
Definition
-serology
-dark field exam of aborted pericardium or kidney
Term
How do we control swine lepto?
Definition
-vaccination
-oxytet
Term
What are the clinical signs of Brucella suis in swine?
Definition
-epididymitis and orchitis in boars
-infertility
-abortions
Term
How do we diagnose B. suis in swine?
Definition
-serology and culture
Term
What protozoa is usually responsible for single sow abortion? Other clinical signs?
Definition
-toxoplasmosis
-also still births and CNS signs in newborns
Term
What are the clinical signs of eperythrozoonosis in swine?
Definition
-failure to exhibit estrus
-repeat breeding
-abortions
-prolonged farrowing
-agalactia
-anemia in piglets
Term
What fungi can cause abortion in swine?
Definition
-aspergillus
-nocardia
Term
What can be in moldy feed that can cause odd repro behavior in swine?
Definition
-zeralenone
Term
In addition to zeralenone, what are some other toxins that affect repro behavior in swine?
Definition
-T-2
-fumonisin
-apsergillosis flavus
-clavceps purpurea (ergotoxin)
-nitrates
-CO
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