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Exam 3 Adolescent Psychology
Family Relationships and Sexuality
129
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
11/21/2016

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Bidirectional effects
Definition
children not only are affected by their parents but affect their parents in return
Term
Emotional Transmission
Definition
transmission of affect from one family member to another moves quickest is "fastest"
Term
who spreads work stress?
Definition

Mom marital stress: Both

Mom feels annoyed and kids scared

Term
differential parenting
Definition

parents behaviors often differ toward siblings within the same famly

birth order-gender-personality-step child-special needs siblings

Term
non shared environmental influences
Definition

siblings experience different family environments due to parents behavior

*Adolescents report feeling closest to parents*

Term
5 commom patterns in adolescents relationships with their siblings
Definition

*adolescents feel most conflict with siblings*

1. caregiver relationship

2. buddy 

3. critical relationship

4.rival relationship

5. casula relationship

Term
caregiver relationship
Definition
oldest child
Term
buddy relationship
Definition
like hanging out
Term
critical relationship
Definition
highly conflictive
Term
rival relationship
Definition
competition
Term
casual relationship
Definition
emotionally distant
Term
What do adolescents and their parents agree on?
Definition

they agree on many of the most important aspects of their views of life (ideologies)

-fighting about the small things

-father son argue the most

Term
When do conflicts with parents increase the most
Definition

conflicts with parents increases sharlpy in early adolescense and remains high for several years

 

Term
rebelliousness is associated with
Definition
adolescents
Term

Conflict issue

Moral

Definition
lying to parents, shady behavior, DUI
Term

Conflict issue

Conventional

Definition
"manners", doing chores, responsibility at home
Term

Conflict issue

Friendships

Definition

dating, spending time with friends

*example: who are you with? what are you doing?

Term

Conflict issue

Personal

Definition
how allowance spent, how are you spending your money
Term

Conflict issue

prudential

Definition

smoking cigarretes

your health and wellbeing

-go to bed get some sleep

-stop eating junk food

-hygiene (take showers)

Term

Conflict responses:

conventional

(Parents)

Definition

Conventional means a standard behavior

So it is familybehavioral standards

Example: "No daughter of mine will dress like this"

"In this family we support each other"

Term

Conflict responses:

Pragmatic

(Parents)

Definition

-Practical (adolescents use it the most)

-consequences

example: mini skirt in the snow

"you're going to get sick"

"End up in jail or the hospital"

Term

Conflict responses:

Authoritarian

(Parents)

Definition

reference to authority and punishment

-mom and dada are authoritarian over you "if you ruin your life i will punish you"

"My house my rules"

"because i said so"

Term

Conflict responses 

(Parents)

Main two

Definition

1. conventional

2. authoritarian

Term

Conflict responses: 

Conventional

(Adolescents)

Definition
-peer (Everybody else is doing it) behavioral standards
Term

Conflict responses: 

Pragmatic

(Adolescents)

Definition

-needs

materialistic

"needs new shoes, concert tickets etc."

Term

Conflict responses: 

Personal

(Adolescents)

Definition

-adolescents domain; self expression

"your life and how you look"

"it's my life"

"stop trying to change me"

-your freedom

Term

Conflict responses: 

Main one

(Adolescents)

Definition
Pragmatic
Term
U.S. majority culture parenting style
Definition
-authoritative- strict but kind (good balance- you can have a discussion with mom and dad)
Term
Who has Traditional parenting style?
Definition

Asian American parenting style

         -Filial piety-honor and obedience

Latino: do not question            

   -respeto/familismo

African Americans:

     -Extended kin networks/loyalty

   -uncles and aunts that are not really your family, more like family friends

 

 

 

Term
familismo
Definition

intense caring that is seen in latino families

-intense closeness

Term
Most emerging adults move out when?
Definition

they move out of their parents homes in their late teens

-they go off to college, cohabitate, freedom

Term
what percentage of emerging adults stay home through their early twenties?
Definition
30%
Term
Staying at home is more commom among who?
Definition

latinos

blacks

asian americans

 

it is not common among whites because of collectivism, interdependence

Term
How many emerging adults, "return to the nest"?
Definition

Nearly half (%40) of American emerging adults return to the nest to live atleast once after they leave

-crowded/cluttered nest

-%80 go back home

Term
Reasons you may go back home
Definition

1. end of college or military career

2. broke up/relationship break up

3. any kind of transition period

-jobless

-job searching

Term
Boomerang kids
Definition

emerging adults who move out of their parents' house and later return

-boys tend to come back home

-boys tend to stay home longer

Term
When do conflicts with parents diminish?
Definition

in late adolescence and emerging adulthood conflict with parents diminishes substantially

-before it use to increase in frequency but now

it goes down

-now we argue about big things like who you are dating and work

Term
Typically relationships between parents and emerging adults improves when?
Definition
once theyoung person leaves home
Term
why do relationships between parents and emerging adults improve?
Definition

1. avoid daily frictions

2. you can control your parental visits

3. you have more control over your daily life

Term
What do emerging adults feel when they move out?
Definition

Emerging adults report greater closeness and fewer negative feelings toward their parents after moving

-appreciate mom and dad

-seeking out advice

Term
Friendships usually have similiarity in what things?
Definition

1. AGE (MAIN ONE)- usually within the same grade

2. Gender: usually same gender

3. educational orientation: if you are a slacker your friends are too

4. media and leisure preferences: same showss, hobbies, music etc.

5.Participation in risk behavior: bad kids with bad kids and good kids with good kids

6.Ethnicity: similar backgrounds, hangout together

Term
Early adolescent girls focus on what friendship patterns?
Definition

they focus on activities that bring friends together

example: playign soccer together

-we dont have a lot of personality

Term
What are mid adolecent girls concerned with?
Definition

they are concerned with the personal quality of friends adn want friends they can trust

-intimacy begins to grow

-talking and telling secrets

-trust and loyalty is important, security

-anxious because of relationships

Term
Late adolescent girls focu more on
Definition

personalities

-more friends are of the opposite sex

-describe friends in terms of personality

-see boys by their personality

Term
early adolescent boys are
Definition
centered on shared activities
Term
Mid adolescent boys relationships are
Definition

as close emotionally as girls' friendships, but involve less discussion of feelings

-trust and loyalty

think about situations where friends are there for each other

Term
Adolescent experiment with
Definition

new behaviors with friends and discover new things about themselves

-try new makeup with friends

-trying out all kinds of behaviors and test them out with friends

Term
What is the psychosocial task in early adolescence?
Definition

it is one of forming a group identity more than of achieving a personal identity

-here you dont want to stick out by yourself

-fitting in

-group identity is group of friends

Term

Support and Nurturance:

Informational support

Definition

-advice and guidance

-seeking information with friends

Term

Support and Nurturance:

instrumental support

Definition

hands on help

-doing hw together, borrow a car, or money

Term

Support and Nurturance:

Companionship support

Definition

someone you hang out with

-lets eat lunch together etc. plus one

 

Term

Support and Nurturance:

Esteem support

Definition

you eant emotional support when things are good and bad

-friends encourage you, cosnul you

Term
Cliques
Definition

small groups of friends who know wach other well, they do things together and form a regular social group

-smaller group pf friends atleast 3

-spend time together, cohesive grou-gives good feedback

-there are more cliques then crowds 

-they are more common

*cliques spend the most time together*

Term
Crowds
Definition

-social category

(the band geeks, athletes, etc.)

-larger, reputation based groups of adolescents who are not necessarily friends and do not necessarily spend time together

-not always close

-provides settings "at the game"

Term
When are we most differentiated and why?
Definition

Late high school.

-We have more of our own interests and

-identity and personality is developed

-less hierarchy because they are leaving and they dont care

-More niches

Term
Most influential time?
Definition

early high school and more differentiated as well

-middle school less differentiated

Term
Peer groups regulate the ...
Definition

pace of socialization

-those who fall too far behind or too far ahead of their friends are dropped from the group

examples: 5th grader comes in with makeup kids will make fun and tell her not to do that

-or if they never wer makeup and then all of a sudden decide to wear makeup, people will think it is weird

Term
Liasons
Definition

socially active and in several cliques

-friends with everyone may not belong to one social clique

Term
isolates
Definition

have a few friends and are not part of the social network

-all alone they do not have many friends and are not hanging out in cliques or crowds

Term
popular adolescents
Definition

research for the popular kids everyone liked them and looked up to them

 

Term
social preference
Definition
how much others like you
Term
social prestige
Definition
how much others look up to you
Term
With social prestige if you are threatened
Definition

often use physical (fights) or relational agression (not talking to them, bullying, not sitting with them) to achieve and maintain their status within the group

-this is equal for boys and girls

Term
Neglected adolescents
Definition

have difficulty making and maintaining friends due to their poor social skills, may fail to approach others because of their negative self image

-shy and ackward

- in certain settings these people shine

example- friend that always asks for a high five which was weird, but when he played the saxaphone everyone loved him

Term
Rejected adolescents
Definition

engage in few prosocial behaviors and appear to lack social skills that would help them to get along better  with peers, may be aggressive

-not nice, no social skills

-may become aggressive and mean from anything

-columbine killer, shooter type

-they felt rejected in some way

-all bullies have been bullied it is the only thing they have in common

Term
Average adolescents
Definition

More friendly and cooperative than rejected or neglected peers, similar social skills as popular adolescents

-just missing extra pop

Term
Controversial adolescents
Definition

tend to be confident, sociable, and socially skilled, amy be aggressive and more likely to engage in problem behaviros

-these kids tend to get into more trouble

-drinking ridky behavior etc.

Term
Reasons why we date
Definition

1. recreation

2. learning

3. status

4. companionship

5. intimacy

6. courtship

Term

dating:

recreation

Definition

you like the act of dating, you like going to the movies, you like what you do on dates

-you are not looking for mister right

-just want to go on dates for the fun and enjoyment

Term

dating:

Learning

Definition

trying to understand what your type is, learning skills

-practicing dating interaction skills

Term

dating:

Status

Definition

you might date someone that is popular or older so you can gain popularity or even just to say "im dating someone" makes you cooler

-impressing peers

Term

dating: 

Companionship

Definition

you like certain activities

-Dan dates so he can have someone to go hicking with him, traveling. He just wants a buddy to do things with him.

-he shares his hobbies or interests

-sharing pleasurable activities

Term

dating:

Intimacy

Definition

- we self disclose to have a bond

-establishing a close emotional relationship

- so its not about the actual person its just about the bond in your life

Term

dating:

courtship

Definition

its about the partner, you always have to have someone with you

-seeking a steady partner

-you are not looking for an emotional connection, just someone to be with you

Term
Proactive Script (Males)
Definition

-initiate the date

-decide where to go

-control the public domain (he drives, he opens the door, he pays, chivalruous behavior)

-initiate sexual contact:

-arm around you, give you kiss

Term

Reactice script; responding

(Females)

Definition

-Private domain (grooming and dress)

                -outfits, hair, nails, coordinating accessories

-responding to the males gestures in the public domain

                  -thank you, praise, acknowledgment, laughing at jokes

-responsing to his sexual initiatives

-gate keeping= we let him know how far and how fast

Term

consensual validation

(Love)

Definition

falling in love

being in love

-people like to find in others an agreement or consensus, w/their own characteristics

-Finding this consensus supports, or validates their own way of looking at the world (supports how you see things)

-opposites do not attract

Term
People of all ages tend to have romantic relationships with people who are similar to them in characteristics such as
Definition

-intelligence (predicts longest relationship)

-social class

-ethnic background

-religious beliefs

-physical attractiveness

Term

Brown's model of adolescent love

Initiation Phase

Definition

-First tentative explorations of love; usually superficial, brief and often fraught w/anxiety fear and excitement

-peers influence relationships

(i want to know my friends opinion, is it ok to date him?)

Term

Brown's model adolescent love

Status Phase

Definition

-begin to gain confidence in their interaction skills w/potential romantic partners

-use peers as messenger (ask the guy questions)the reason the girl dating doesn't ask is because she is protecting her status. So the peer is the messenger tp protect girls status

-Messenger remains acutely aware of the evaluations of their friends and peers

Term

Brown's model of adolescent love

Affection Phase

Definition

-Adolescents come to know each other better and express deeper feelings for each other

-beginning to engage in more extensive sexual activity

-Peers become monitors instead of messengers and they can eben cover for you 

-if conflict breaks out your peer will be the mediator

Term

Brown's model of adolescent love

Bonding Phase (usually occurs in emerging adulthood)

Definition

-The romantic relationship becomes more enduring and serious-partners begin to discuss the possibility of a lifelong commitment

-peer takes minimal role, may become resented

-peer phases out

Term
Sternberg's Theory of love
Definition

-Different types of love involve combining 3 fundamental qualities of love in different ways

-Passion

-Intimacy

-Commitment

Term

Sternberg's Theory of love

Fundamental Qualities

Passion

Definition

think involves physical attraction and sexual desire

-might involve jealousy and anger (think he's not)

Term

Sternberg's Theory of love

Fundamental Qualities

Intimacy

Definition
feelings of closeness and emotional attachment
Term

Sternberg's Theory of love

Fundamental Qualities

Commitment

Definition

The pledge to love someone long term 

Pledge: choice, decision, promise etc.

Term
Two main types of adolescent love
Definition

-infatuation (Passion alone)

-Romantic love (Intimacy + Passion)

Both of these are missing commitement but they both have passion

Term
In the U.S cohabitation is experienced by how many?
Definition

at least 2/3 of emerging adults

-very common

Term
In the U.S average age of first cohabitation?
Definition

22 for men

20 for women

Term
In the U.S cohabitation tends to be
Definition

brief and unstable

-usually cohabitate for less than a year

Term
Cohabitation before marriage is related to higher rather than lower
Definition

likelyhood of later divorce

-being engaged you will stay married

-if there is no commitment then it wont last

Term
Who is more likely to end the relationship
Definition

women

-women monitor the relationship so they know when its not going well

Term
rejected men tended to be
Definition

lonelier, unhappier, and more depressed than rejected women

-they have less social connections, fewer friends, smaller network

-they find it harder than rejected women to accept the end of the relationship and to stay friends

Term
Romantic harrassment
Definition

Usually the guy 

-still calling, texting, cyberstalking

-not letting it go, he is still trying to persue you

 

Term
#1 reason for breaking up
Definition
lack of commom interests
Term
sexual script
Definition

cognitive frameworks concerning expected patterns of how sexual experiences should proceed

 

-guide adolescents own thoughts, emotions, and behavior and understanding/interpretation of their sexual partner

Term
#1 reason females want to have sex
Definition
because love and romance
Term
#1 reason males want to have sex
Definition
because exciting pleasure
Term
Reflect cultural roles and gender stereotypes
Definition

1.  bboys have permission to be sexually active

-cool/man

2. Girls are encouraged to avoid sex

-slut

Term
1st sexual experience
Definition

-Boys highly positive 70%, pride n telling friends

-girls 26% thrilled, ambivalent, guilty, worried, afraid of getting pregnant. Does not tell anyone

Term
Who has higher teen % of pregnancy?
Definition
Rural girls higher than urban girls
Term
Why is there a higher % of teen pregnancy in the U.S
Definition
because of contraception stigma
Term
What can avoidance and denial of sexual perceptions cause?
Definition
may cause engagement in sex without planning and no responsibility
Term
Attitudes surounding sexuality
Definition

usually are not discussed with parents; however, adolescent most often go to parents for information

-usually mom

Term
What happens with adolescents who talk with their parents about sex
Definition
they tend to become sexually active later and show more responsibility
Term
Sexual self esteem
Definition

perception of their worth as sexual beings

-am i sexually appealing?

-sexual adequacy: do i know what i am doing

 

Term
Sexual self efficacy
Definition

-perception of control over sexual experiences

-"can i communicate well about sex:yes, no, stop, etc.

-ability to buy contraception

Term
sexual self image
Definition

beliefs about sexual needs

-how open are you to experimentation

-how much commitment do you need

-know him for an hour

-need to be married etc.

Term
Sexually Naive
Definition

have little confidence in sexual attraciveness, feel no control over sexual situation

-anxious about sexuality

-younger highschool students and more girls

Term
Sexually unassured
Definition

low self-esteem and little sense of control in sexual encounters, but interested in exploring their sexua;ity

-want to explore

-younger boys in highschool

Term
sexually competent
Definition

confident of sex appeal and ability to control sexual situations interested in exploring sexuality and were sexually experienced

-have experience, interested, comfortable

-older high highschool students both boys and girls equal number

Term
Sexually adventurous
Definition

have high levels of sexual arousal and interest in sexual exploration; have little anxiety and little relationship commitment

-Older highschool boys

-dont need alot of commitment

-one night stand hook ups

Term
Sexually driven
Definition

unable to say no to sex

-older high school boys

-wedding crashers

-you do everything because you want to hook up

Term
romantic attraction
Definition
emotions/thoughts
Term
sexual behavior
Definition
actions
Term
sexual identity (lesbian,gay,bisexual)
Definition

-label category

-hetersosexual is not in the list becuase for identity only gay/lesbian/bisexual

Term

Sexual identity development:

stages of coming out

Definition

-awareness

-disclosure to others

-socialization with other LGB'S

-Positive self identification

-integration and acceptance

 

(these are not clear stages)

Term
awareness/questioning/self
Definition
recognition as lesbian, gay, bisexual or non heterosexual
Term
disclosure to others
Definition
disclose to friends first, family later because of fear of rejection
Term
socialization w/other LGB's
Definition
finding support online, communities
Term
Positive self identification
Definition
feeling satisfied, fulfilled, comfortable with sexual orientation
Term
Integration and acceptance
Definition

open about it to others

see your place in society

Term
Most sexual orientation explains
Definition

gay male sexual orientation, but not women

women's sexuality is more fluid

Term
brain anatomy
Definition
hypothalmus (smaller clusters in gays) and hemispheric fibers (more connections with gays) influence sexual orientation
Term
genes
Definition

twin studies show identical twins were more likely than fraternal twins to have homosexual feelings.

If one twin is gay than the other twin most likely will be too when it comes to identical twins

Term
hormones
Definition
abnormal hormone conditions may predispose a person to have a homosexual attraction. Several male children after a "number" the hormone in the mom may influence sexual orientation of youngest male son.
Term
Kinsey Institute Research assessed the following:
Definition

parental relationships, childhood sexual experiences, sexual abuse, peer relationships, dating experiences all of these have no relationto sexual relation

 

Term
Kinsey Institute  research results show no difference between heterosexual and homosexual
Definition

-both have similar experiences

- no one has same range of experiences

-results show that children raised by homosexual parents were more likely to be heterosexual vs. homosexual

 

Term
Psychologists lean toward a
Definition
in psychology, since we ruled out everythign that could cause homosexuality psychologust now lean towards a biological explanation for non heterosexualism
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