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Exam 3
FA Neuro 2
73
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
04/10/2017

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the common names of Listeriosis?
Definition
-circling dz
-silage dz
Term
What is the etiology behind Listeriosis?
Definition
=0-Listeria monocytogenes (G
Term
What are the common sources of listeriosis?
Definition
-silage: most common
-soil, vegetation, feces, bedding w/ poultry litter
Term
Describe the pathophys of listeriosis.
Definition
-enters via mouth/eye/nares => CN 5 => CNS
Term
Which species are most commonly affected by listeriosis?
Definition
-sheep > cattle > goat/camelids
Term
What are the clinical manifestations of listeriosis?
Definition
-encephalitis >> myelitis (lesions in spinal cord)
-KCS aka silage eye
-mastitis: food-borne dz
-abortion (late-term)
-septicemia in neonates
-diarrhea
-anorexia, depression, ptyalism
-conscious proprioceptice deficites
-costant/sporadic circling
Term
Which CN deficits do you see w/ listeriosis?
Definition
-CN 5: dropped jaw, facial anesthesia
-CN 7: ptosis, loss of menace & palpebral, earl/lip droop, ipsilateral collapsed nostril, contralateral deviation of nasal phltrum
-CN8: nystagmus, head tilt, leaning, circling
-CN 9/10/12: stertor, dysphagia, paralysis of tongue
Term
What are the hellmark clinical signs of listeriosis?
Definition
-multifocal & asymm CN deficits
-depression
-acute onset
Term
Briefly descrie the progression of listeriosis?
Definition
-small rums faster than cattle
-untreated cattle basically die
Term
How do we diagnose listeriosis?
Definition
-CS + hx
-CSF: mononuclear > neutrophilic pleocytosis on cytology in cattle
Term
What lesions do we see on PM of listeriosis?
Definition
-multifocal microabscesses in brainstem
Term
How do we treat listeriosis?
Definition
-fluids: correct acidosis
-abx: penicillin, oxytet
-support
Term
What are some control efforts for listeriosis?
Definition
-appropriate feedstuff storage & handling
-avoid feeding discolored, moldy, or smelly food
-avoid overcrowding
-no vaccine
Term
What is the prognosis of Listeriosis?
Definition
-mortality 100% w/o tx
-key for recovery: early & aggressive tx
-if survives, may or may not have permanent deficits
Term
Who are most commonly affected by bacterial meningitis?
Definition
-neonates
Term
What is the etiology behind bacterial meningitis?
Definition
-history of FPT
-agents usually bacterial: G- >>> G+
Term
Desribe the pathophys of bacterial meningitis.
Definition
-hematogenous spread of infection: omphalitis, enteritis
-direct inoculation or extension into calvarium: dehorning, otitis, sinusitis
Term
What are the CS of bacterial meningitis assoc w/ bacteremia?
Definition
-hyperemic MM
-scleral infection
-hypopyon
-omphalitis
-septic arthritis
-enteritis pneumonia
Term
What are the neuro signs of bacterial meningitis?
Definition
-depression, dec sufkling reflex
-stiff & painful neck, hypereshtesia
-ataxia +/- hyperreflexia
-opisthotonos, seizure
-death
Term
What do we see on CSF w/ bacterial meningitis?
Definition
-trubid/whitish/foamy when shaken/ may clot
-neutrophiic pleocytosis, inc protein, dec glucose
-positive pandy (inc globlulins_
-post gram stain or positive culture
Term
Which abx do we use to treat bacterial meningitis?
Definition
-BS, bactericidal, cross BBB * ex= ceftiofur, ampicillin
-for 4-6w
Term
How do we treat bacterial meningitis?
Definition
-abx
-NSAID
-fluids
Term
How do we control bacterial meningitis?
Definition
-adequate colostrum intake, navel dip
-sanitation in and aroun dcalving pen
Term
What is TEME?
Definition
-thromboEmbolic MeningoEncephalitis
Term
What causes TEME?
Definition
-histophilus somni g-
Term
What is the epidemiology of TEME?
Definition
-winter months
-shipping fever risk factors (feedlot)
-low morbidity (2-8%), high mortality (neuro form)
Term
Describe the pathophys of TEME.
Definition
-entrance through resp
-bacteremia => vasculitis => thrombosis
Term
What are the CS of TEME?
Definition
-severe fever
-sleeper syndrome: severe depression
-cortical blindness
-anorexic
-seizures, opisthotonis
-CN & CP deficites
-sudden death: 2-36h after neuro signs
-others: pneumonia, polyarthritis
Term
How do we diagnose TEME?
Definition
-optho exam: retinal hemorrhages
-CBC: inflam leukogram
-CSF tap: eutrophilic, pleocytosis, inc protein, xanthochromia
-CF titers: 1:200 to foufold inc
Term
What do we see on PM w/ TEME?
Definition
-CNS vasculitis, infarcts, abscesses
Term
How do we treat TEME?
Definition
-abx
-NSAIDs
-fluids & electrolytes
-anticonvulsants as necessary
Term
How do we control TEME?
Definition
-BRD vx
Term
What is the prognosis of TEME?
Definition
-still ambulatory: fair to good
-downer: poor
Term
What is the main etiology behind pituitary abscess?
Definition
-T. pyogenes
Term
What is the pathophys of pituitary abscess?
Definition
-hematogenous spread => rete mirabile => pituitary
-extension of local pyogenic infection to pituitary
Term
What are the CS of pituitary abscesses?
Definition
-yearlings to adults
-ataxia, head/neck extension
-profound depression
-bradycardia in 50% of cases
-CN deficits
-coma to death
Term
What are some risk factors for pituitary abscesses?
Definition
-nose flaps for weaning calves
-nose rings in bulls
Term
How do we diagnose pituitary abscesses?
Definition
-CS
-CSF: lots of neutrophils
-PM
Term
How do we treat pituitary abscesses?
Definition
-unrewarding, it is just fatal
Term
How do cows get brain abscesses?
Definition
-hematogenous spread of T. pyogenes
Term
What are the CS of brain abscesses?
Definition
-due to compression
-asymm, slow onset
-depression, circling, ataxia, blindness, change in CN deficits
Term
How do we diagnose brain abscesses?
Definition
-CSF cytology & culture
-blindness,
-change in CN deficits
Term
How do we treat brain avscesses? Prognosis?
Definition
-abx long term
-poor
Term
What is the etiology behind tetanus?
Definition
-C. tetani: anaerobic, sporulating -G+
Term
What are some predisposing conditions for tetanus?
Definition
-castration, tail docking w/ bands
-deep wounds or infected uterus
Term
Which toxins are produced w/ tetanus?
Definition
-Tetanospasmin: CS
-Tetanolysin: tissue necrosis
-Nonspasmogenic toxin
Term
Describe pathophys of tetanospasmin.
Definition
-wound to blood circulation
-at presynaptic motor endplates, binds to nerve and is transported to CNS
-reach presynaptic inh interneuron & inh release of glycine & GAMA
-dysinh of gamma motor neurons
-results in m hypertonia & spasms
-incubation period: 2-3w
Term
What are the CS of tetanus?
Definition
-stiffness, spasticity, sawhorse stance
-lcoked jaw, erect ears, sardonic grin, protrusion of htird eyelid
-tetanic paralysis, death
Term
How do we diagnose tetanus?
Definition
-CS only
Term
What are the tx goals of tetanus?
Definition
-eliminate infection
-neutralize toxin
-relief of muscle spasm
-nursing care
-establish active antotoxic immunity
Term
How do we treat tetanus?
Definition
-eliminate infection: debride wound, PPG or K-pen
-Neutralize free toxin: antitoxin
-acepromazine or diazepam for muscle spasms
-nursing care: nutrition, nursing care, good bedding
Term
How do we control tetanus?
Definition
-vaccination
Term
What is the prognosis of tetanus?
Definition
-mortality < 50%
-if survives w/in 1w: fair to good
-if improve w/in 2w: poor to fair
Term
What is the etiology behind botulism?
Definition
-C. botulinum type B, C, or D
Term
What is the mode of intoxication of botulism?
Definition
-infestion of preformed toxin: forage poisoning
-toxico-infection: toxin pdn in GI
-wound botulism
Term
Describe pathophys of botulism.
Definition
-toxic inh ACh release at peripheral cholinergic sits
Term
What is the incubatio nperiod of botulism?
Definition
1-2d
Term
What are the CS of botulism?
Definition
-progressive ascending muscular hypotonia
-dec tongue & jaw tone
-flaccid paralysis
Term
How do we diagnose botulism?
Definition
-CS, serology
-ID of toxin in serum/GI/feedstuff
Term
How do we treat botulism? Prognosis?
Definition
-antitoxin in early stage + nursing care
-fatal w/out tx
Term
Which bugs cause nervous coccidiosis?
Definition
-Eimeria zurnii > bovis
Term
What are the CS of nervous coccidiosis?
Definition
-ataxia, tremors, snapping eyelids
-seizures, opisthotonus, blindness, death
-INTERMITTENT EPISODES
Term
How do we dx nervous coccidiosis?
Definition
-CS + hx
Term
How do we treat nervous coccidiosis?
Definition
-sulfas, amprolium
-support
-control sizures
Term
How do we control & prevent nervous coccidiosis?
Definition
-control: hygiene
-prevention: monensn, lasalocid, decoquinate, amprolium
Term
What is the prognosis of nervous coccidiosis?
Definition
-about 90% fatality
Term
What is the epidemiology of vitamin A deficiency?
Definition
-young cattle, pigs, horses
-no access to succulent plants for extended periods
-access to feed w/ low vit A levels: dry pastures, cereal grains (prolonged sotrage), mineral oil
Term
Describe pathophys of dec retinol.
Definition
-imapred rod function = nyctalopia (night blindness)
-retinal egen
-dec CSF absorption = inc CSF pressure
Term
What are the main CS of vitamin A deficiency?
Definition
-blindness: mydriasis, absent menace
-ophto exam: papilledema, optic disc swelling
-others: convulsions, diarrhea, poor repro, abortion/fetal malformations
Term
How do we diagnose vit A deficiency?
Definition
-hx + CS + optho exam
-low Vit A
Term
How do we treat vit A deficiency?
Definition
-vit A
Term
How do we control vit A deficiency?
Definition
-access to succulent or green plants
-vit A supplementation in feed
Term
What is the prognosis of vit A deficiency?
Definition
-blindness not really reversible
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