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EXAM 3
CH10-14
494
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/04/2017

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Term
3 TYPES OF MUSCLES
Definition
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Term
WHAT MUSCLE MOVES BONES?
Definition
Skeletal
Term
WHAT MUSCLE IS MULTI-NUCLEATED?
Definition
Skeletal
Term
WHAT MUSCLE(S) IS/ARE STRIATED?
Definition
Skeletal & Cardiac
Term
WHAT MUSCLE IS VOLUNTARY?
Definition
Skeletal
Term
WHAT MUSCLE IS ASSOCIATED W/THE HEART?
Definition
Cardiac
Term
WHAT MUSCLE PUMPS BLOOD?
Definition
Cardiac
Term
WHAT MUSCLE(S) HAVE ONE NUCLEUS?
Definition
Cardiac & Smooth
Term
WHAT MUSCLE HAS INTERCALATED DISKS?
Definition
Cardiac
Term
WHAT MUSCLE(S) IS/ARE INVOLUNTARY?
Definition
Cardiac & Smooth
Term
WHAT MUSCLE'S ASSOCIATED W/THE GI TRACT?
Definition
Smooth
Term
WHAT MUSCLE'S ASSOCIATED W/THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
Definition
Smooth
Term
WHAT MUSCLE'S ASSOCIATED W/THE URINARY TRACT?
Definition
Smooth
Term
WHAT MUSCLE HAS NO STRIATIONS?
Definition
Smooth
Term
WHAT TISSUE PROVIDES POSTURE AND BODY SUPPORT?
Definition
Muscle
Term
WHAT TISSUE PROVIDES FOR LOCOMOTION?
Definition
Muscle
Term
WHAT TISSUE CREATES HEAT?
Definition
Muscle
Term
WHAT IS IT CALLED WHEN THE MUSCLE RESPONDS TO STIMULATION BY NERVES AND HORMONES?
Definition
Excitability
Term
WHAT IS THE ABILITY TO TRANSMIT A RESPONSE (electrical signal) ALONG THE PLASMA MEMBRANE NAMED THE SARCOLEMA CALLED?
Definition
Conductivity
Term
WHAT'S THE CAPACITY OF THE MUSCLE TO SHORTEN OR CONTRACT FORCEFULLY CALLED?
Definition
Contractility
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN MUSCLE CAN BE STRETCHED TO ITS NORMAL RESTING LENGTH AND BEYOND TO A LIMITED DEGREE?
Definition
Extensibility
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN MUSCLES EXTEND IN AN ACTIVITY AND RESUME THEIR CONTRACTED POSITION?
Definition
Elasticity
Term
WHAT'S A SHEET OF BROAD, FLAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE?
Definition
Facia
Term
WHAT'S AREOLAR/ADIPOSE TISSUE?
Definition
Superficial Facia
Term
WHAT TISSUE STORES WATER AND FAT?
Definition
Superficial Facia
Term
WHAT TISSUE REDUCES HEAT LOSS?
Definition
Superficial Facia
Term
WHAT TISSUE PROTECTS AGAINST TRAUMA?
Definition
Superficial Facia
Term
WHAT TISSUE HAS A FRAMEWORK FOR NERVES AND BLOOD VESSELS TO ENTER AND EXIT MUSCLES?
Definition
Superficial Facia
Term
WHAT'S A DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE BELOW THE SUPERFICIAL FASCIA?
Definition
Deep Fascia
Term
WHAT TISSUE LINES BODY WALLS, LIMBS, AND HOLDS MUSCLE TOGETHER?
Definition
Deep Fascia
Term
WHAT TISSUE ALLOWS FREE MOVEMENT OF MUSCLES?
Definition
Deep Fascia
Term
WHAT TISSUE SUPPORTS NERVES?
Definition
Deep Fascia
Term
WHAT TISSUE'S BLOOD AND LYMPH VESSELED?
Definition
Deep Fascia
Term
WHAT TISSUE FILLS SPACE B/W MUSCLES?
Definition
Deep Fascia
Term
WHAT HAS CORDS OF DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE?
Definition
Tendons
Term
WHAT ATTACHES MUSCLE TO PERIOSTEUM OF BONE?
Definition
Tendon
Term
WHAT SURROUNDS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE?
Definition
Epimysium
Term
WHAT SURROUNDS EACH FASCICLE OF THE MUSCLE?
Definition
Perimysium
Term
WHAT SURROUNDS EACH MUSCLE FIBER?
Definition
Endomysium
Term
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN SKELETAL MUSCLES EXERT FORCE ON TENDONS?
Definition
Movement
Term
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN TENDONS ATTACH TO AND PULL ON BONES?
Definition
Movement
Term
WHAT IS THE POINT OF MUSCLE ATTACHMENT TO THE STATIONARY BONE CALLED?
Definition
Origin
Term
WHAT IS THE MUSCLE ATTACHMENT TO THE MOVEABLE BONE?
Definition
Insertion point
Term
WHAT SERVE AS LEVERS?
Definition
Bones
Term
WHAT SERVE AS FULCRUMS?
Definition
Joints
Term
THE AMOUNT OF POWER A MUSCLE CAN PRODUCE IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO WHAT?
Definition
Arrangement of a fascicle.
Term
THE RANGE OF MOTION A MUSCLE CAN PRODUCE IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO WHAT?
Definition
Arrangement of a fascicle.
Term
WHAT MUSCLE IS THE PRIME MOVER (bicep)?
Definition
Agonist
Term
WHAT MUSCLE WORKS OPPOSITE OF THE AGONIST (tricep)?
Definition
Antagonist
Term
WHAT IS THERE A STRONG SUPPLY OF TO NERVE AND MUSCLE CELLS?
Definition
Blood
Term
MUSCLE CELLS USE A LOT OF ATP, SO THEY MUST HAVE A LOT OF WHAT?
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
MUSCLE CELLS NEED A LOT OF NUTRIENTS, SO THEY MUST HAVE A LOT OF WHAT?
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
WHAT HELPS MUSCLE CELLS REMOVE WASTE?
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
WHAT STIMULATES MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
Definition
Motor Neuron
Term
WHAT'S A MOTOR NEURON AND ALL THE SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS IT STIMULATES?
Definition
Motor Unit
Term
WHAT'S A SPECIAL REGION WHERE NEURONS AND MUSCLES COMMUNICATE W/EACH OTHER?
Definition
Synapse
Term
WHAT IS THE GAP B/W 2 CELLS AT THE SYNAPSE?
Definition
Synaptic Cleft
Term
WHAT'S THE SPECIFIC SYNAPSE FORMED B/W A NEURON AND A SKELETAL MUSCLE?
Definition
Neuromuscular Junction
Term
WHAT'S FOUND NEAR THE MIDPOINT OF THE MUSCLE FIBER?
Definition
Neuromuscular Junction
Term
WHAT PERMITS NEARLY SIMULTANEOUS CONTRACTION OF ALL PARTS OF THE MUSCLE FIBER?
Definition
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs)
Term
WHAT'S THE LONG, THREADLIKE, PART OF A NERVE CELL ALONG WHICH IMPULSES ARE CONDUCTED FROM THE CELL BODY TO OTHER CELLS?
Definition
Axon
Term
WHAT ARE THE BRANCHES OF THE MOTOR NEURON?
Definition
Axon Terminal
Term
WHAT CLUSTER CONTAINING MEMBRANE ENCLOSED SACS IS AT THE DISTAL TIP OF EACH TERMINAL?
Definition
Synaptic End Bulb
Term
WHERE IS ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh) HELD?
Definition
Inside the Synaptic Vesicle of the Synaptic End Bulb
Term
WHAT ARE (muscle fibers) LONG CELLS?
Definition
Myofibers
Term
WHAT'S THE PLASMA MEMBRANE THAT SURROUNDS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE CELL?
Definition
Sarcolemma
Term
WHAT'S THE CYTOPLASM OF THE MUSCLE CELL?
Definition
Sarcoplasm
Term
WHAT ARE THE LITTLE THREADS THAT ARE COMPOSED OF INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE CELLS?
Definition
Myofibrils
Term
WHAT ARE THE CONTRACTILE ELEMENTS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE?
Definition
Myofibrils
Term
WHAT ARE THE THIN FILAMENTS IN MYOFIBRILS COMPOSED OF?
Definition
Actin
Term
WHAT ARE THE THICK FILAMENTS IN MYOFIBRILS COMPOSED OF?
Definition
Myosin
Term
WHAT ARE COMPARTMENTS OF FILAMENTS?
Definition
Sarcomeres
Term
WHAT ARE THE BASIC, FUNCTIONAL, UNITS OF STRIATED MUSCLE FIBERS (from z-disk to z-disk)?
Definition
Sarcomeres
Term
WHAT ENCIRCLES THE MYOFIBRILS?
Definition
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Term
WHAT STORES Ca IN RESTING MODE?
Definition
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Term
WHAT CONTRACTS AND ALLOWS Ca TO FLOOD INTO THE SARCOPLASM?
Definition
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Term
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN Ca FLOODS INTO THE SARCOPLASM AND COMBINES W/TROPONIN?
Definition
Conformational Change
Term
WHAT CAUSES CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE, SO THAT IT MOVES THE TROPONIN-TROPOMYSOSIN COMPLEX AWAY FROM THE MYOSIN BINDING SITES ON ACTIN SO THAT CONTRACTION OF MUSCLE CAN OCCUR?
Definition
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Term
WHAT'S THE FIRST STEP OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
Definition
Myosin heads hydrolyze ATP and become reoriented and energized.
Term
WHAT'S THE SECOND STEP OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
Definition
Myosin heads bind to actin, forming crossbridges.
Term
WHAT'S THE THIRD STEP OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
Definition
Myos in crossbridges rotate toward center of the sarcomere (power stroke)
Term
WHAT'S THE FOURTH STEP OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
Definition
As myosin heads bind ATP, the crossbridges detach from actin.
Term
HOW DOES THE CONTRACTION CYCLE CONTINUE?
Definition
If ATP is available and Ca^2+ level in the sarcoplasm is high.
Term
WHAT CAUSES ACETYLOCHOLINE (ACh) TO RELEASE IN THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT?
Definition
An Action Potential in a Motor Neuron.
Term
WHAT OPENS Na+ CHANNELS?
Definition
ACh binding w/receptors on the Cell Membrane on the Muscle Fiber.
Term
WHERE DOES CALCIUM ENTERING THE MUSCLE FIBER COME FROM?
Definition
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Term
WHAT BINDS TO TROPONIN DURING MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
Definition
Calcium
Term
WHAT'S NO LONGER BLOCKED WHEN TROPONIN SHIFTS TROPOMYOSIN?
Definition
The Active Site on the Actin.
Term
HOW DO MYOSIN HEADS ATTACH TO ACTIN?
Definition
By breaking down ATP to ADP and a phosphate via Myosin-ATPase
Term
WHERE DO MYOSIN HEADS FORM A 'CROSS-BRIDGE'?
Definition
On the Active Site of the Actin Filament
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN THE CROSS BRIDGE PULLS ACTIN, WHICH SLIDES OVER THE MYOSIN?
Definition
Power Stroke
Term
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE RELEASE OF ADP COMPLETES THE CROSS-BRIDGE MOVEMENT AND ATP ATTACHES TO MYSIN?
Definition
The Actin-myosin Crossbridge breaks.
Term
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ATP'S SPLIT INTO ADP+P?
Definition
The Myosin head 'cocks' into place to form another cross bridge w/Actin.
Term
WHAT ENZYME BREAKS DOWN THE NEUROTRANSMITTER ACETYLOCHOLINE (ACh) TO CAUSE MUSCLE RELAXATION?
Definition
Acetylocholinesterase (AChE)
Term
WHAT'S A CALCIUM BINDING PROTEIN THAT TAKES CALCIUM OUT OF A SOLUTION AND SEQUESTERS IT IN THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM FOR MUSCLE RELAXATION?
Definition
Calsequestrin
Term
WHAT MUSCLES HELP DILATE AND CONSTRICT VESSELS TO HELP MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS OF YOUR BODY TEMPERATURE?
Definition
Smooth
Term
WHAT MUSCLES SHIVER TO HELP MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS OF YOUR BODY TEMPERATURE?
Definition
Skeletal
Term
WHAT'S THE BRIEF CONTRACTION OF ALL MUSCLE FIBERS IN A MOTOR UNIT IN RESPONSE TO A SINGLE ACTION POTENTIAL?
Definition
Muscle Twitch Contraction
Term
WHEN DOES THE NO CHANGE IN LENGTH IN A MUSCLE TWITCH CONTRACTION HAPPEN?
Definition
Latent Period
Term
WHEN DOES IMPULSE TRAVEL ALONG SARCOLEMMA AND DOWN T-TUBULES TO SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN A MUSCLE TWITCH CONTRACTION HAPPEN?
Definition
Latent Period
Term
WHEN IS CALCIUM RELEASED IN A MUSCLE TWITCH CONTRACTION?
Definition
Latent Period
Term
WHEN CAN MUSCLES NOT CONTRACT INSTANTANEOUSLY INA MUSCLE TWITCH CONTRACTION?
Definition
Latent Period
Term
WHEN DOES MUSCLE RELAXE (tension decreases) AND IT TENDS TO RETURN TO ITS ORIGINAL LENGTH IN A MUSCLE TWITCH CONTRACTION?
Definition
Relaxation Period
Term
WHAT'S THE PERIOD FOLLOWING ITS ACTION POTENTIAL, DURING WHICH THE MEMBRANE WILL NOT RESPOND TO STIMULATION REGARDLESS OF THE STRENGTH, IN A MUSCLE TWITCH CONTRACTION CALLED?
Definition
Refractory Period
Term
WHAT OCCURS WHEN A SECOND ACTION POTENTIAL TRIGGERS MUSCLE CONTRACTION BEFORE THE FIRST CONTRACTION HAS FINISHED, RESULTING IN A STRONGER CONTRACTION?
Definition
Wave Summation
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN TIME B/W STIMULI'S TOO SHORT TO ALLOW ANY RELAXATION OF MUSCLE?
Definition
Fused Tetanus
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN TIME B/W STIMULI ALLOWS A VERY SMALL AMOUNT OF RELAXATION IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
Definition
Unfused Tetanus
Term
WHAT'S A GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THE PHENOMENA (as velocity and intensity) OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS?
Definition
Myogram
Term
WHAT'S THE ACTIVATION OF ADDITIONAL MOTOR UNITS TO ACCOMPLISH AN INCREASE IN CONTRACTILE STRENGTH IN A MUSCLE CALLED?
Definition
Motor Unit Recruitment
Term
WHAT'S CONTINOUS AND PASSIVE PARTIAL CONTRACTION OF THE MUSCLES CALLED?
Definition
Muscle Tone
Term
WHAT'S THE MUSCLE'S RESISTANCE TO PASSIVE STRETCH DURING RESTING STATE CALLED?
Definition
Muscle Tone
Term
WHAT HELPS MAINTAIN POSTURE?
Definition
Muscle Tone
Term
WHAT'S DECREASED MUSCLE TONE?
Definition
Hypotonia
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN MUSCLE TENSION REMAINS THE SAME WHILE MUSCLE'S LENGTH CHANGES?
Definition
Isotonic Contraction
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN THE JOINT ANGLE AND MUSCLE LENGTH DON'T CHANGE DURING CONTRACTION?
Definition
Isometric Contraction
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN THE MUSCLE TENSION RISES TO MEET THE RESISTANCE, THEN REMAINS THE SAME AS THE MUSCLE SHORTENS?
Definition
Cocentric Contraction
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN THE MUSCLE LENGTHENS DUE TO THE RESISTANCE BEING GREATER THAN THE FORCE THE MUSCLE'S PRODUCING?
Definition
Eccentric Contraction
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER'S HIGHLY RESISTANT TO FATIGUE?
Definition
Slow Oxidative
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS NEED TO BE ACTIVE CONTINUOUSLY?
Definition
Slow Oxidative
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS ARE WEIGHT-SUPPORTING POSTURAL MUSCLES?
Definition
Slow Oxidative
Term
WHAT CONTAIN A HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF FATIGUE-RESISTANT MUSCLE FIBERS?
Definition
Slow Oxidative
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS ARE INTERMEDIATE?
Definition
Fast Oxidative Glycolytic
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS ARE FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBERS WHICH HAVE BEEN CONVERTED VIA ENDURANCE TRAINING?
Definition
Fast Oxidative Glycolytic
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS ARE SLIGHTLY LARGER IN DIAMETER?
Definition
Fast Oxidative Glycolytic
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS HAVE MORE MITOCHONDRIA AS WELL AS A GREATER BLOOD SUPPLY, AND MORE ENDURANCE THAN TYPICAL FAST TWITCH FIBERS?
Definition
Fast Oxidative Glycolytic
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS HAVE A LARGE DIAMETER AND POSSESS HIGH AMOUNTS OF GLYCOGEN?
Definition
Fast Glycolytic
Term
WHAT IS GLYCOGEN USED IN?
Definition
Glycolysis to generate ATP quickly, to produce high levels of tension.
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER DON'T PRIMARILY USE AEROBIC METABOLISM?
Definition
Fast Glycolytic
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER DON'T POSSESS SUBSTANTIAL NUMBERS OF MITOCHONDRIA, OR SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF MYGLOBIN, AND THEREFORE, HAVE A WHITE COLOR?
Definition
Fast Glycolytic
Term
WHAT KIND OF CONTRACTIONS DO FAST GLYCOLYTIC FIBERS PRODUCE?
Definition
Rapid, forceful contractions.
Term
WHAT DO THE RAPID CONTRACTIONS OF FAST GLYCOLYTIC FIBERS MAKE?
Definition
Quick, powerful movements.
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER FATIGUE QUICKLY?
Definition
Fast Glycolytic
Term
WHAT SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER CAN ONLY BE USED FOR SHORT PERIODS?
Definition
Fast Glycolytic
Term
WHEN KIND OF MUSCLE STRENGTH IS RELATED TO SIZE?
Definition
Physiological
Term
WHAT KIND OF MUSCLE STRENGTH RESPONDS TO TRAINING?
Definition
Physiological
Term
WHAT KIND OF MUSCLE STRENGTH IS RELATED TO HOW STRONG OR WEAK THE SIGNAL IS THAT TELLS THE MUSCLE TO CONTRACT?
Definition
Neurological
Term
WHAT KIND OF MUSCLE STRENGTH FORCES ANGLE ON THE LEVER?
Definition
Mechanical
Term
WHAT KIND OF MUSCLE STRENGTH IS RELATED TO MOVEMENT ARM LENGTH (length b/w joint axis and the line of force acting on that joint)?
Definition
Mechanical
Term
WHAT KIND OF MUSCLE STRENGTH IS RELATED TO JOINT CAPABILITIES?
Definition
Mechanical
Term
WHAT CAN'T MATURE SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS UNDERGO?
Definition
Mitosis
Term
WHAT'S AN INCREASE IN SIZE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES?
Definition
Hypertrophy
Term
WHAT'S THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MUSCLE CELLS?
Definition
Hyperplasia
Term
WHAT ARE THE CONTRACTILE CELLS THAT WRAP AROUND THE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF CAPILLARIES AND VENULES THROUGHOUT THE BODY?
Definition
Pericytes
Term
WHEN DOES ABOUT 10% OF OUR MUSCLE TISSUE BECOME REPLACED BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND ADIPOSE?
Definition
30-50
Term
WHEN DOES ANOTHER 40% OF OUR MUSCLE TISSUE BECOME REPLACED?
Definition
50-80
Term
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF OUR MUSCLE TISSUE BEING REPLACED?
Definition
Muscle strength and flexibility decreases, and reflexes slow.
Term
WHY DO KNEE INJURIES USUALLY OCCUR?
Definition
Running.
Term
WHAT DOES PRICE (treat running injuries) STAND FOR?
Definition
Protection Rest Ice Compression Elevation
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN PRESSURE CONSTRICTS THE STRUCTURES W/IN A COMPARTMENT, RESULTING IN DAMAGED BLOOD VESSELS?
Definition
Compartment Syndrome
Term
WHAT CAN CAUSE NERVE DAMAGE, MUSCLE TO DEVELOP SCAR TISSUE, AND CONTRACTURE?
Definition
Compartment Syndrome
Term
WHAT'S A PAINFUL HEEL CONDITION THAT RESULTS FROM CHRONIC IRRITATION OF THE PLANTAR APONEUROSIS AT ITS ORIGIN ON THE CALCANEUS?
Definition
Plantar Fasciitis
Term
WHAT'S A GROUP OF INHERITED MUSCLE-DESTROYING DISEASE THAT CAUSES PROGRESSIVE DEGENERATION OF SKELETAL, ATROPHY, AND VOLUNTARY MUSCLES?
Definition
Muscular Dystrophy
Term
WHAT ABNORMAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION CAUSES SUDDEN, INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION OF A SINGLE MUSCLE IN A LARGE MUSCLE GROUP?
Definition
Spasm
Term
WHAT ABNORMAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION CAUSES PAINFUL SPASMODIC CONTRACTIONS?
Definition
Cramps
Term
WHAT ABNORMAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION IS RHYTHMIC?
Definition
Tremors
Term
WHAT ABNORMAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION IS AN INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION OF OPPOSING MUSCLE GROUPS?
Definition
Tremors
Term
WHAT ABNORMAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION IS AN INVOLUNTARY, BRIEF, TWITCH OF A MUSCLE UNDER THE SKIN?
Definition
Fasciculation
Term
IN WHAT NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD?
Definition
Central
Term
IN WHAT NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE NERVES (cranial and spinal), GANGLIA, ENTERIC PLEXUSES, AND SENSORY RECEPTORS?
Definition
Peripheral
Term
WHAT COLOR FIBERS ARE NERVES?
Definition
White
Term
WHAT FIBERS TRANSMIT IMPULSES OF SENSATION TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD?
Definition
Nerve
Term
WHAT STRUCTURE CONTAINS NERVE CELL BODIES?
Definition
Ganglia
Term
WHAT STRUCTURE FORMS SWELLING ON A NERVE FIBER LINKED BY SYNAPSES?
Definition
Ganglia
Term
WHAT'S FOUND IN THE ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, AND INTESTINAL MUSCLES?
Definition
Enteric Plexus
Term
WHAT MONITORS SENSORY INFO, LIKE TOUCH SENSATION?
Definition
Sensory Receptors
Term
WHAT PROCESSES DIFFERENT INCOMING SENSORY INFO?
Definition
CNS
Term
WHAT PROCESSES DIFFERENT INCOMING SOURCES OF THOUGHT?
Definition
CNS
Term
WHAT PROCESSES DIFFERENT INCOMING EMOTIONS AND MEMORIES?
Definition
CNS
Term
WHAT STIMULATES MUSCLES TO CONTRACT AND GLANDS TO SECRETE?
Definition
CNS
Term
WHAT'S THE PNS DIVIDED INTO?
Definition
SNS, ANS, & ENS
Term
WHAT'S THE SNS?
Definition
Somatic Nervous System - relating to bod
Term
WHAT'S THE ANS?
Definition
Autonomic Nervous System
Term
WHAT'S THE ENS?
Definition
Enteric Nervous System - occurring in intestines
Term
WHAT'S THE PNS DIVIDED INTO?
Definition
SNS, ANS, & ENS
Term
WHAT'S THE SNS?
Definition
Somatic Nervous System - relating to bod
Term
WHAT'S THE ANS?
Definition
Autonomic Nervous System
Term
WHAT'S THE ENS?
Definition
Enteric Nervous System - occurring in intestines
Term
IS THE SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM VOLUNTARY?
Definition
Yes
Term
IS THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM VOLUNTARY?
Definition
No
Term
IS THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM VOLUNTARY?
Definition
No
Term
WHAT NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES?
Definition
Autonomic
Term
WHAT REGULATES THE BODY'S UNCONSCIOUS ACTION?
Definition
Sympathetic Nerves
Term
WHAT REGULATES REST AND DIGESTION?
Definition
Parasympathetic Nerves
Term
WHAT DEALS WITH SENSE CHANGES (stimuli) AND CARRIES INFO INTO THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD?
Definition
Nervous System
Term
WHAT TAKES SENSORY INTO THE CRANIAL AND SPINAL CORD?
Definition
Nervous System
Term
WHAT KIND OF FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS MAKING DECISIONS REGARDING ANALYZING INCOMING SENSORY INFO?
Definition
Integrative
Term
WHAT KIND OF FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM APPROPRIATES BEHAVIOR?
Definition
Integrative
Term
WHAT FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM RESPONDS TO STIMULI?
Definition
Motor
Term
WHAT FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTRACTS MUSCLES?
Definition
Motor
Term
WHAT FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM MAKES GLANDS SECRETE?
Definition
Motor
Term
HOW DO THE PARTS OF THE PNS AND CNS COMMUNICATE?
Definition
The CNS does the bulk of your processing of the signals being received and the PNS is mostly tasked with providing a place for the inbound signals to start (afferent neuronal signal) or going from the CNS to the rest of the body. So in simple terms again, the PNS is the one who brings the signal in and performs the action. The CNS is the one that interprets and reroutes the signals.
Term
WHAT DO THE NEURONS AND NEUROGLIA COMPRISE?
Definition
Nervous Tissue
Term
SOMATIC AND SPECIAL SENSORY RECEPTORS AND SOMATIC SENSORY NEURONS...
Definition
Go to CNS
Term
SOMATIC MOTOR NEURONS (voluntary)...
Definition
Come from CNS
Term
Skeletal Muscle...
Definition
Receives from Somatic motor neurons (voluntary)
Term
Autonomic sensory receptors and autonomic sensory neurons...
Definition
Go to CNS
Term
AUTONOMIC MOTOR NEURONS (involuntary): SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISIONS...
Definition
Come from CNS
Term
SMOOTH MUSCLE, CARDIAC MUSCLE, AND GLANDS...
Definition
Come from Autonomic motor neurons (involuntary): sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Term
ENTERIC MOTOR NEURONS (involuntary) IN ENTERIC PLEXUSES...
Definition
Come from Autonomic motor neurons (involuntary): sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Term
ENTERIC SENSORY RECEPTORS AND ENTERIC SENSORY NEURONS IN GI TRACT AND ENTERIC PLEXUES...
Definition
Go to Enteric motor neurons (involuntary) in enteric plexuses & CNS
Term
SMOOTH MUSCLE, GLANDS, AND ENDOCRINE CELLS OF GI TRACT...
Definition
Come from Enteric motor neurons (involuntary) in enteric plexuses
Term
WHAT CELL TYPE HAS A COMPLEX PROCESSING NETWORK IN THE CNS?
Definition
Neuron
Term
WHAT CELL TYPE CONNECTS REGIONS OF THE BODY TO THE CNS?
Definition
Neuron
Term
WHAT CELL TYPE IS SPECIALIZED?
Definition
Neuron
Term
WHAT CELL TYPE HAS NO MITOSIS?
Definition
Neuron
Term
WHAT CELL TYPE'S SMALL AND MORE NUMEROUS THAN NEURONS?
Definition
Neuroglia
Term
WHAT CELL TYPE SUPPORTS, NOURISHES, AND PROTECTS NEURONS?
Definition
Neuroglia
Term
WHAT CELL TYPE DIVIDES THROUGH LIFETIME?
Definition
Neuroglia
Term
WHAT'S THE ABILITY TO RESPOND TO STIMULI AND CONVERT STIMULI INTO AN ACTION POTENTIAL MEAN?
Definition
Electrically Excitable
Term
WHAT'S A NERVE IMPULSE OF AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL THAT TRAVELS (propagates along) THE SURFACE OF THE MEMBRANE OF A NEURON?
Definition
Action Potential
Term
WHAT'S A BUNDLE OF NERVE FIBERS?
Definition
Nerve
Term
WHAT KIND OF NEURON HAS SEVERAL DENDRITES, ONE AXON, AND MOSTLY IN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD?
Definition
Multipolar
Term
WHAT KIND OF NEURON IS MOTOR?
Definition
Multipolar
Term
WHAT KIND OF NEURON HAS ONE DENDRITE AND ONE AXON, AND CAN BE FOUND IN THE RETINA OF AN EYE, INNER EAR, AND THE OLFACTORY AREA TO THE BRAIN?
Definition
Bipolar
Term
WHAT KIND OF NEURON HAS DENDRITES AND ONE AXON THAT ARE FUSED TOGETHER TO FORM A CONTINUOUS PROCESS THAT EMERGES FROM THE CELL BODY?
Definition
Unipolar
Term
WHAT KIND OF NEURON HAS DENDRITES THAT FUNCTION AS SENSORY RECEPTORS THAT DETECT SENSORY STIMULI (touch, pressure, pain, or thermal)?
Definition
Unipolar
Term
WHAT KIND OF NEURON HAS A TRIGGER ZONE AT THE JUNCTION OF THE DENDRITES AND AXON?
Definition
Unipolar
Term
WHAT KIND OF NEURON'S LOCATED IN THE GANGLIA OF SPINAL AND CRANIAL NERVES?
Definition
Unipolar
Term
WHAT CELLS HAVE DENDRITES THAT ARE ALL TOGETHER, LIKE TREE ROOTS?
Definition
Purkinje
Term
WHAT HAVE A TRIANGLE CELL BODY?
Definition
Pyramid Cells
Term
WHAT CELL HAS SCATTERED DENDRITES?
Definition
Pyramid
Term
WHAT NEURONS CONVERT EXTERNAL STIMULI FROM ORGANISMS' ENVIRONMENTS?
Definition
Sensory
Term
WHAT NEURONS HAVE THEIR BODY LOCATED IN THE SPINAL CORD, AND THE AXON OUT SIDE OF THE SPINAL CORDCONTROL EFFECTOR ORGANS, IN MAINLY MUSCLES AND GLANDS?
Definition
Motor
Term
WHAT NEURONS HAVE A NEUTRAL CIRCUIT COMMUNICATION B/W SENSORY AND MOTOR?
Definition
Interneurons
Term
WHAT ARE A CLUSTER OF CELL BODIES?
Definition
Ganglia
Term
HOW MANY TYPES OF NEUROGLIA ARE THERE?
Definition
6
Term
WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF NEUROGLIA?
Definition
Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal, Schwann, Satellite
Term
WHAT ARE STAR SHAPED GLIAL?
Definition
Astrocytes
Term
WHERE ARE ASTROCYTES?
Definition
CNS
Term
WHAT ARE SIMILAR TO ASTROCYTES, BUT HAVE FEWER PROTUBERANCES?
Definition
OLIGODENDROCYTES
Term
WHERE ARE OLIGODENDROCYTES?
Definition
CNS
Term
WHAT ARE PHAGOCYTIC CELLS?
Definition
Microglia
Term
WHAT PROTECT THE CNS FROM DISEASE AND CLEARS DEBRIS?
Definition
Microglia
Term
WHAT PRODUCE MYELIN AROUND THE PNS NEURONS?
Definition
Schwann
Term
WHAT SUPPORT NEURONS IN GANGLIA?
Definition
Satellite
Term
WHERE ARE SATELLITE CELLS?
Definition
PNS
Term
WHAT DO SCHWANN AND OLIGODENDROCYTE CELLS PRODUCE?
Definition
Myelin sheath?
Term
WHAT INCREASES THE RATE OF CONDUCTION OF NERVE IMPULSE?
Definition
Node of Ranvier?
Term
WHAT'S A PROGRESSIVE DEGENERATION OF THE MYELIN SHEATH?
Definition
Multiple Scelorosis
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN SHEATHS DETERIORATE INTO SCLEROSES?
Definition
MS
Term
WHAT HAS MOSTLY MYELINATED AXONS?
Definition
White Matter
Term
WHAT CONTAINS NEURONAL CELL BODIES, DENDRITES, UNMYELINATED AXONS, AXON TERMINALS, AND NEUROGLIA?
Definition
Grey Matter
Term
WHAT DOES WHITE MATTER BEING MYELINATED CAUSE?
Definition
White color.
Term
WHAT ALLOWS COMMUNICATION OVER SHORT AND LONG DISTANCES?
Definition
Action Potential (AP)
Term
WHAT ALLOWS COMMUNICATION OVER SHORT DISTANCES ONLY?
Definition
Graded Potential (GP)
Term
EXISTENCE OF A RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AND CERTAIN ION CHANNELS IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO WHAT?
Definition
Production of an AP or GP
Term
WHAT KIND OF CHANNEL IS ONE WHERE A NON-GATED CHANNEL RANDOMLY OPENS AND IONS LEAK IN AND OUT?
Definition
Leakage
Term
WHAT KIND OF CHANNEL RESPONDS TO CHEMICAL STIMULI?
Definition
Ligand-gated
Term
WHAT KIND OF CHANNEL RESPONDS TO MECHANICAL VIBRATION, OR PRESSURE STIMULI?
Definition
Mechanically-gated
Term
WHAT KIND OF CHANNEL RESPONDS TO DIRECT CHANGES IN MEMBRANE POTENTIAL?
Definition
Voltage-gated
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN A MEMBRANE OF A NON-CONDUCTING NEURON'S POSITIVE?
Definition
Resting Membrane Potential
Term
WHEN IS THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL OF A CELL AT A VOLTAGE OF -70?
Definition
Resting
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN A MEMBRANE'S MORE POLARIZED (inside more -)
Definition
Hyperpolarized
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN A MEMBRANE'S LESS POLARIZED (inside less -)
Definition
Depolarized
Term
WHAT OCCURS WHEN MECHANICALLY GATED AND LIGANDGATED ION CHANNELS ARE OPENING?
Definition
Graded Potential
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN GRADED POTENTIAL CAN BE ADDED TOGETHER TO BECOME LARGER IN AMPLITUDE?
Definition
Summation
Term
WHAT DO THE PHASES OF RAPIDLY OCCURRING EVENTS THAT DECREASE AND EVENTUALLY REVERSE THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL (depolarization) AND EVENTUALLY RESTORE IT TO RESTING STATE (repolarization) DESCRIBE?
Definition
Action Potential
Term
WHAT'S STEP BY STEP DEPOLARIZATION AND REPOLARIZATION OF EACH ADJACENT SEGMENT OF MEMBRANE?
Definition
Continuous Conduction
Term
WHAT'S A SPECIAL MODE OF ACTION POTENTIAL PROPAGATION THAT OCCURS ALONG MYELINATED AXONS?
Definition
Saltatory Conduction
Term
WHAT SPEEDS UP AXONS?
Definition
Myelination
Term
WHAT SPEEDS UP CONDUCTION?
Definition
Larger Axon diameter
Term
WHAT SPEEDS UP CONDUCTION?
Definition
Amount of Myelination
Term
WHAT DOES COOLER TEMPERATURE DO TO THE CONDUCTION IN AN AXON?
Definition
Speed up
Term
WHAT'S A JUNCTION B/W NEURONS, OR B/W A NEURON AND EFFECTOR?
Definition
Synapse
Term
WHAT ARE THE GAP JUNCTIONS THAT CONNECT CELLS AND ALLOW THE TRANSFER OF INFO TO SYNCHRONIZE THE ACTIVITY OF A GROUP OF CELLS?
Definition
Electrical synapse
Term
WHAT'S ONE WAY TO TRANSFER INFO FROM A PRESYNAPTIC NEURON TO A POSTYSNAPTIC NEURON?
Definition
Chemical Synapse
Term
WHAT SYNAPSE HAS FASTER COMMUNICATION AND SYNCHRONIZATION?
Definition
Electrical
Term
WHAT KIND OF SYNAPSE HAS A SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH EXOCYTOSIS OF SYNAPTIC VESICLES?
Definition
Chemical
Term
WHAT KIND OF SYNAPSE HAS A PRESYNAPTIC NEURON THAT RELEASES NEURO TRANSMITTERS?
Definition
Chemical
Term
WHAT ARE DEPOLARIZING POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL?
Definition
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP)
Term
WHAT ARE HYPERPOLARIZING POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL?
Definition
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP)
Term
WHAT CAN RECEIVE MANY SIGNALS AT A TIME?
Definition
Neurons
Term
WHAT ACT AS EXCITATORY OR INHIBITORY?
Definition
Neurotransmitters
Term
IONOTROPIC AND METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS ARE STRUCTURES OF WHAT?
Definition
Neurotransmitter
Term
DIFFUSION, ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION, AND UPTAKE INTO CELLS ARE USED BY CELLS TO REMOVE WHAT, ONCE THE SIGNAL'S NO LONGER NEEDED?
Definition
Neurotransmitters
Term
WHAT IS SUMMATION OF POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS IN RESPONSE TO STIMULI THAT OCCUR AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN THE MEMBRANE OF A POSTSYNAPTIC CELL AT THE SAME TIME?
Definition
Spatial summation
Term
WHAT'S SUMMATION OF POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS IN RESPONSE TO STIMULI THAT OCCUR AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN THE MEMBRANE OF A POSTSYNAPTIC CELL AT DIFFERENT TIMES?
Definition
Temporal Summation
Term
WHAT IS AN INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER?
Definition
Acetylcholine
Term
WHAT ARE NOREPINEPHRINE, EPINEPHRINE, DOPAMINE, AND SEROTONIN?
Definition
Biogenic Amines
Term
WHAT IS ANY GROUP OF COMPOUNDS THAT ACT AS NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND ARE SHORT-CHAIN POLYPEPTIDES?
Definition
Neuropeptide
Term
WHAT'S RELEASED BY NEURONS THAT TRANSMIT PAIN RELATED INPUT FROM PERIPHERAL PAIN RECEPTORS?
Definition
Substance P
Term
ENDORPHINS AND DYNORPHINS ARE WHAT KIND OF NEUROPEPTIDES?
Definition
Opioid Peptides
Term
WHAT'S A FUNCTIONAL GROUP OF NEURONS THAT PROCESS SPECIFIC TYPES OF INFO?
Definition
Neural Circuit
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN A PRESYNAPTIC NEURON STIMULATES A SINGLE POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON?
Definition
Simple Series
Term
WHAT PERMITS ONE PRESYNAPTIC NEURON TO INFLUENCE SEVERAL POSTSYNAPTIC NEURONS AT THE SAME TIME?
Definition
Diverging
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN THE POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON RECEIVES NERVE IMPULSES FROM SEVERAL DIFFERENT SOURCES?
Definition
Converging
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN THE STIMULATION OF THE PRESYNAPTIC CELL CAUSES THE POSTSYNAPTIC CELL TO TRANSMIT A SERIES OF NERVE IMPULSES?
Definition
Reverberating
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN A SINGLE PRESYNAPTIC CELL STIMULATES A GROUP OF NEURONS EACH OF WHICH SYNAPSES W/A COMMON POSTSYNAPTIC CELL?
Definition
Parallel After Discharge
Term
WHAT HAS A LIMITED ABILITY TO REGENERATE DESPITE THEIR PLASTICITY?
Definition
Neurons
Term
WHAT'S AN EFFECT OF INHIBITORY INFLUENCES FROM THE NEUROGLIA, PARTICULARLY OLIGODENDROCTYES?
Definition
Little or no repair in the CNS
Term
WHAT'S AN EFFECT OF ABSENCE OF GROWTH-STIMULATING CUES THAT WERE PRESENT DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT?
Definition
Little or no repair in the CNS
Term
RAPID FORMATION OF SCAR TISSUE RESULTS IN WHAT?
Definition
Little or no repair in the CNS
Term
WHAT OCCURS DURING CHROMATOLYSIS?
Definition
Repair is possible in the PNS
Term
WHAT OCCURS DURING WALLERIAN DEGENERATION?
Definition
Repair's possible in the PNS
Term
WHAT PROCESSES REFLEXES?
Definition
Spinal Cord (SP)
Term
WHAT INTEGRATES EPSPs AND IPSPs?
Definition
Spinal Cord
Term
WHAT CONDUCTS SENSORY IMPULSES TO THE BRAIN AND MOTOR IMPULSES TO EFFECTORS?
Definition
Spinal Cord
Term
BONE (vertebrae) PROTECTS WHAT?
Definition
SP
Term
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (CT), LIKE MENINGES, PROTECTS WHAT?
Definition
SP
Term
FLUID (cerebrospinal fluid) PROTECTS WHAT?
Definition
SP
Term
HOW MANY MENINGES ARE THERE?
Definition
3
Term
WHAT ARE THE THREE MENINGES?
Definition
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE TOUGH MOTHER?
Definition
Dura Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS THE MOST SUPERFICIAL, THICK, STRONG LAYER?
Definition
Dura Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS COMPOSED OF DENSE, IRREGULAR, CT?
Definition
Dura Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES FORMS A SAC FROM THE LEVEL OF THE FORAMEN MAGNUM IN THE OCCIPITAL BONE, WHERE IT'S CONTINUOUS W/THE MENINGEAL DURA MATER OF THE BRAIN, TO THE SECOND SACRAL VERTEBRA?
Definition
Dura Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS ALSO CONTINUOUS W/THE EPINEURIUM, THE OUTER COVERING OF SPINAL CRANIAL NERVES?
Definition
Dura Mater
Term
WHAT ARE ACETYLCHOLINE, AMINO ACIDS, BIOGENIC AMINES, ATP AND OTHER PURINES, NITRIC OXIDE, AND CARBON MONOXIDE?
Definition
Neurotransmitters
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS SIMILAR TO A SPIDER?
Definition
Arachnoid Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE MENINGEAL MEMBRANES?
Definition
Arachnoid Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS A THIN, AVASCULAR COVERING, COMPRISED OF CELLS AND THIN, LOOSELY ARRANGED COLLAGEN AND ELASTIC FIBERS?
Definition
Arachnoid Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS COMPRISED OF DELICATE COLLAGEN AND SOME ELASTIC FIBERS THAT LOOK SIMILAR TO A SPIDER WEB?
Definition
Arachnoid Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS DEEP TO THE DURA MATER, AND IS CONTINUOUS THROUGH THE FORAMEN MAGNUM W/THE ARACHNOID MATER OF THE BRAIN?
Definition
Arachnoid Mater
Term
BETWEEN DURA AND ARACHNOID MATER IS A THIN SUBDURAL SPACE THAT CONTAINS WHAT?
Definition
Interstitial Fluid
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS DELICATE?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
WHAT'S THE DEEPEST MENINGEAL LAYER?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES HAS A THIN, TRANSPARENT, CT LAYER THAT ADHERES TO THE SURFACE OF THE SP AND BRAIN?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES IS THIN SQUAMOUS TO CUBOIDAL CELLS W/IN INTERLACING BUNDLES OF COLLAGEN FIBERS AND SOME FINE ELASTIC FIBERS?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES HAS MANY BLOOD VESSELS THAT SUPPLY OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO THE SP?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES HAS TRAINGULAR-SHAPED MEMBRANOUS EXTENSIONS (denticulate ligaments - thickening) THAT SUSPEND THE SP IN THE MIDDLE OF ITS DURAL SHEATH?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES PROJECT LATERALLY AND FUSE W/ARACHNOID MATER AND INNER SURFACE OF THE DURA MATER B/W THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR NERVE ROOTS OF SPINAL NERVES ON EITHER SIDE?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
WHAT MENINGES EXTEND ALONG THE ENTIRE LENGTH OF THE SP AND PROTECT THE SP AGAINST SUDDEN DISPLACEMENT THAT COULD RESULT IN SHOCK?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
BETWEEN THE ARACHNOID AND PIA MATER IS A SPACE CALLED THE SUBARACHNOID SPACE THAT CONTAINS WHAT?
Definition
Shock-absorbing cerebrospinal fluid
Term
AN EXTENSION OF THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA, AT THE LEVEL OF THE FORAMEN MAGNUM IS WHERE WHAT BEGINS?
Definition
SP
Term
AT THE LEVEL OF L2 (second lumbar) IS WHERE WHAT TERMINATES?
Definition
SP
Term
FROM THE 4TH CERVICAL VERTEBRA (C4) TO THE 1ST THORACIC VERTEBRA (T1) IS WHAT?
Definition
SP Enlargement, Cervical (superior) Enlargement
Term
NERVES TO/FROM UPPER LIMBS ARISE FROM THE WHAT?
Definition
Cervical Enlargement
Term
WHAT EXTENDS FROM THE 9TH TO 12TH THORACIC VERTEBRA?
Definition
Lumbar (inferior) enlargement, SP Enlargement
Term
NERVES TO/FROM THE LOWER LIMBS ARISE FROM WHAT?
Definition
Lumbar Enlargement, SP Enlargment
Term
WHAT'S THE FIRST STEP OF HOW INFORMATION FLOWS INTO AND THROUGH THE SP?
Definition
Sensory receptors detect a sensory stimulus.
Term
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER SENSORY RECEPTORS DETECT A SENSORY STIMULUS?
Definition
Sensory neurons convey this sensory input in the form of nerve impulses along their axons, which extend from sensory receptors into the spinal nerve and then into the posterior root. From the posterior root, axons of sensory neurons may proceed along three possible paths.
Term
WHAT POSSIBLE PATH HAPPENS FROM THE POSTERIOR ROOT WHERE NEURONS MAY EXTEND?
Definition
Axons of sensory neurons may extend into the white matter of the SP and ascend to the brain as part of a sensory tract.
Term
WHAT POSSIBLE PATH HAPPENS FROM THE POSTERIOR ROOT THAT INVOLVE AXONS OF INTERNEURONS?
Definition
Axons of sensory neurons may enter the posterior gray horn and synapse w/interneurons whose axons extend into the white matter of the SP and then ascend to the brain as part of a sensory tract.
Term
WHAT POSSIBLE PATH HAPPENS FROM THE POSTERIOR ROOT THAT INVOLVES SYNAPSE OF INTERNEURONS?
Definition
Axons of sensory neurons may enter the posterior gray horn and synapse w/interneurons that in turn synapse w/somatic motor neurons that are involved in spinal reflex pathways.
Term
WHAT OCCURS AFTER THE THREE POSSIBLE PATHS FROM THE POSTERIOR ROOT?
Definition
Motor output from the SP to skeletal muscles involves somatic motor neurons of the anterior gray horn. The brain regulates many somatic neurons. Axons from higher brain centers form motor tracts that descend from the brain into the white matter of the spinal cord. There they synapse w/somatic motor neurons either directly or indirectly, by first synapsing w/interneurons that in turn synapse w/somatic motor neurons.
Term
WHAT OCCURS AFTER AXONS SYNAPSE W/SOMATIC MOTOR NEURONS, EITHER DIRECTLY, OR INDIRECTLY, BY FIRST SYNAPSING W/INTERNEURONS, THAT, IN TURN, SYNAPSE W/SOMATIC MOTOR NEURONS?
Definition
When activated, somatic motor neurons convey motor output in the form of nerve impulses along their axons, which sequentially pass through the anterior gray horn and anterior root to enter the spinal nerve. From the spinal nerve, axons of somatic motor neurons extend to skeletal muscles of the body.
Term
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER AXONS FROM THE SPINAL NERVE OF SOMATIC MOTOR NEURONS EXTEND TO SKELETAL MUSCLES OF THE BODY?
Definition
Motor output from the SP to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and galnds involves autonomic motor neurons of the lateral gray horn. When activated, autonomic motor neurons convey motor output in the form of nerve impulses along their axons, which sequentially pass through the lateral gray horn, and anterior root to enter the spinal nerve.
Term
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THE AUTONOMIC MOTOR NEURONS ARE ACTIVATED AND CONVEY MOTOR OUTPUT IN THE FORM OF NERVE IMPULSES ALONG THEIR AXONS, WHICH SEQUENTIALLY PASS THROUGH THE LATERAL GRAY HORN, AND ANTERIOR ROOT TO ENTER THE SPINAL NERVE?
Definition
From the spinal nerve, axons of autonomic motor neurons from the SP synapse w/another group of autonomic motor neurons located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The axons of this second group of autonomic motor neurons in turn synapse w/cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.
Term
WHAT CONNECT THE CNS TO SENSORY RECEPTORS, MUSCLES, AND GLANDS, AND ARE PART OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)?
Definition
Spinal Nerves
Term
THERE ARE 31 PAIRS OF WHAT?
Definition
Spinal Nerves
Term
WHAT'S ATTACHED TO THE SP AT THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ROOTS?
Definition
Spinal Nerves
Term
WHAT ARE ENDONEURIUM, FASCICLES, PERINEURIUM, AND EPINEURIUM?
Definition
Connective Tissue covering the Spinal Nerves
Term
WHAT SPINAL NERVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE IS THE COVERING AROUND AXONS?
Definition
Endoneurium
Term
WHAT SPINAL NERVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE'S THE INNERMOST LAYER?
Definition
Endoneurium
Term
WHAT SPINAL NERVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONSISTS OF A MESH OF COLLAGEN FIBERS, FIBROBLASTS, AND MACROPHAGES?
Definition
Endoneurium
Term
WHAT SPINAL NERVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE'S GROUPS OF AXONS W/THEIR ENDONEURIUM (bundles)
Definition
Fascicles
Term
WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE SPINAL NERVE WRAPS AROUND EACH FASCICLE?
Definition
Perineurium
Term
WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE SPINAL NERVE IS THE MIDDLE LAYER?
Definition
Perineurium
Term
WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE SPINAL NERVE IS THE THICKER LAYER?
Definition
Perineurium
Term
WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE SPINAL NERVE CONSISTS OF UP TO 15 LAYERS OF FIBROBLASTS W/IN A NETWORK OF COLLAGEN FIBERS?
Definition
Perineurium
Term
WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING THE SPINAL NERVE IS THE OUTERMOST COVERING OVER THE ENTIRE NERVE?
Definition
Epineurium
Term
WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING THE SPINAL NERVE CONSISTS OF FIBROBLASTS AND THICK COLLAGEN FIBERS?
Definition
Epineurium
Term
WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING THE SPINAL NERVE HAS EXTENSIONS THAT FILL SPACES B/W FASCICLES?
Definition
Epineurium
Term
WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING THE SPINAL NERVE FUSES W/DURA MATER OF THE SPINAL MENINGES AS THE NERVE PASSES THROUGH THE INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN W/A PRESENCE OF BLOOD VESSELS?
Definition
Epineurium
Term
SHORTLY AFTER PASSING THROUGH ITS INTEVERTEBRAL FORAMEN, A SPINAL NERVE DIVIDES INTO SEVERAL BRANCHES KNOWN AS WHAT?
Definition
Rami (Ramus)
Term
WHAT DOES THE POSTERIOR (dorsal) RAMUS SERVE?
Definition
Deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk.
Term
WHAT DOES THE ANTERIOR (ventral) RAMUS SERVE?
Definition
The muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs and the skin of the lateral and anterior surfaces of the trunk.
Term
THE MENINGEAL BRANCH REENTERS THE VERTEBRAL CAVITY THROUGH THE INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN AND SUPPLIES WHAT?
Definition
The vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of the SP, and meninges.
Term
RAMI COMMUNICANTES ARE COMPONENTS OF WHAT?
Definition
ANS
Term
WHAT FORM NETWORKS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE BODY, JOINING RAMI FROM ADJACENT NERVES?
Definition
Plexus
Term
WHAT INNERVATE THE STRUCTURES AND SUPPLY THE INTERCOSTAL SPACES?
Definition
Intercostal Nerve
Term
WHAT'S AN AREA OF SKIN THAT PROVIDES SENSORY INPUT TO THE CNS VIA THE POSTERIOR ROOTS OF ONE PAIR OF SPINAL NERVES OR VIA THE TRIGEMINAL (V) NERVE?
Definition
Dermatome
Term
WHAT'S SPECIAL ABOUT C1?
Definition
It's the only Spinal Nerve that doesn't have a corresponding dermatome.
Term
WHITE MATTER, THEN SENSORY AND MOTOR IMPULSES, THEN GRAY MATTER DESCRIBE WHAT?
Definition
How info travels in the spinal cord.
Term
WHAT ROLE DOES WHITE MATTER PLAN IN THE TRAVEL OF INFORMATION IN THE SPINAL CORD?
Definition
Tracts and conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain.
Term
WHAT'S THE HIGHWAY FOR NERVE IMPULSE PROPAGATION?
Definition
White Matter
Term
WHAT ROLE DOES GRAY MATTER PLAY IN THE TRAVEL OF INO IN THE SPINAL CORD?
Definition
Receives and integrates incoming and outgoing info to perform Spinal Reflexes.
Term
WHAT KEEPS CNS INFORMED OF CHANGES TO THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS?
Definition
Sensory Systems
Term
NERVE IMPULSES FROM SENSORY RECEPTORS PROPAGATE UP THE SPINAL CORD TO THE BRAIN ALONG HOW MANY ROUTES?
Definition
2
Term
WHAT CONVEYS NERVE IMPULSES FOR SENSING PAIN, TEMP, ITCHING, TICKLING, DEEP PRESSURE, AND CRUDE TOUCH?
Definition
Spinothalamic
Term
HOW MANY TRACTS DOES THE POSTERIOR COLUMN HAVE?
Definition
2
Term
WHAT ARE THE GRACILE FASCICULUS AND CUNEATE FASCICULUS?
Definition
The two tracts of the posterior column.
Term
WHAT CONVEY NERVE IMPULSES FOR DESCRIMINITIVE TOUCH, LIGHT PRESSURE, VIBRATION, AND CONSCIOUS PROPRIOCEPTION (awareness of the positions and movements of muscles, tendons and joints)?
Definition
Gracile Fasciculus and Cuneate Fasciculus of the Posterior Column.
Term
WHAT ARE DIRECT MOTOR PATHWAYS?
Definition
Lateral Corticospinal and Anterior Coricospinal
Term
WHAT DO LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL AND ANTERIOR CORTICOSPINAL DO?
Definition
Convey nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and are destined to cause voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
Term
WHAT ARE INDIRECT MOTOR PATHWAYS?
Definition
Rubrospinal, Lateral Reticulospinal, and Vestibulospinal
Term
WHAT DO RUBROSPINAL, LATERAL RETICULOSPINAL, AND VESTIBULOPSINAL CONVEY?
Definition
Nerve impulses from the brain stem to cause autonomic movements and help coordinate body movements w/visual stimuli
Term
WHAT MAINTAIN SKELETAL MUSCLE TONE?
Definition
Rubrospinal, Lateral reticulospinal, and Vestibulospinal
Term
WHAT SUSTAIN CONTRACTION OF POSTERIOR MUSCLES?
Definition
Rubrospinal, Lateral reticulospinal, and Vestibulospinal
Term
WHAT PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN EQUILIBRIUM BY REGULATING MUSCLE TONE IN RESPONSE TO MOVEMENTS OF THE HEAD?
Definition
Rubrospinal, lATERAL rETICULOSPINAL, AND Vestibulospinal
Term
AS PART OF A SENSORY TRACT, WHERE DO ASCENDING MESSAGES HEAD IN THE SP?
Definition
Brain
Term
FROM THE BRAIN, WHERE DO DESCENDING MESSAGES OF THE SP HEAD?
Definition
White Matter of the SP
Term
WHAT'S A FAST, PREDICTABLE, AUTONOMIC RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENT?
Definition
Reflex
Term
WHAT HELPS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS?
Definition
Reflex
Term
WHAT DOES THE SPINAL CORD SERVE AS?
Definition
The integrating center for a Spinal Reflex
Term
WHERE DOES INTEGRATION TAKE PLACE?
Definition
Grey Matter of the Spinal Cord
Term
IN A REFLEX ARC, NERVE IMPULSES PROPAGATING INTO, THROUGH, AND OUT OF THE CNS FOLLOW SPECIFIC PATHWAYS DEPENDING ON WHAT?
Definition
Info, Origin, and Destination
Term
THE PATHWAY FOLLOWD BY NERVE IMPULSES THAT PRODUCE A REFLEX IS A?
Definition
Reflex Arc
Term
A REFLEX ARC INCLUDES?
Definition
Sensory receptor, Sensory Neuron, Integrating Center, Motor Neuron, and an Effector
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN SENSORY NERVE IMPULSES ENTER THE SP ON THE SAME SIDE FROM WHICH MOTOR NERVE IMPULSES LEAVE IT?
Definition
Ipsilateral
Term
ALL MONOSYNAPTIC ARE?
Definition
Ipsilateral
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN SENSORY IMPULSES ENTER ONE SIDE OF THE SP AND MOTOR IMPULSES EXIT ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE?
Definition
Contralateral
Term
CROSSED EXTENSOR INVOLVES THIS
Definition
Contralateral
Term
ALL ARE IPSILATERAL
Definition
Monosynaptic
Term
JUST TWO NEURONS AND ONE SYNAPSE
Definition
Monosynaptic
Term
THREE NEURONS AND TWO SYNAPSES
Definition
Polysynaptic
Term
WHAT'S IT CALLED WHEN COMPONENTS OF A NEURAL CIRCUIT SIMULTANEOUSLY CAUSE CONTRACTION OF ONE MUSCLE AND RELAXATION OF ITS ANTAGONISTS?
Definition
Reciprocal Innervation
Term
CONTROLS MUSCLE LENGTH BY CAUSING MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
Definition
Stretch Reflex
Term
CONTROLS MUSCLE TENSION BY CAUSING MUSCLE RELAXATION?
Definition
Tendon Reflex
Term
WHAT'S THE TREE OF LIFE?
Definition
Cerebellum
Term
WHAT DOES THE BRAIN STEM CONSIST OF?
Definition
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
Term
THE FURTHER UP, THE...
Definition
Higher the thinking
Term
WHAT IS THE DIENCEPHALON CONSISTING OF?
Definition
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Pineal Gland
Term
WHAT PART OF THE BRAIN'S DESCRIBED AS WRINKLY?
Definition
Cerebrum
Term
CRANIAL BONES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PROTECT WHAT?
Definition
The brain.
Term
WHAT DOES THE CRANIAL MENINGES DO?
Definition
Protect the brain.
Term
WHAT'S THE CRANIAL MENINGES COMPOSED OF?
Definition
Pia, Arachnoid, and Dura (durable) Mater
Term
HOW MANY LAYERS IS THE CRANIAL DURA MATER COMPOSED OF?
Definition
2
Term
TO WHERE DOES BLOOD FLOW IN THE VERTEBRAL AND CAROTID ARTERIES (pulse = carotal artery)?
Definition
Brain
Term
AWAY FROM WHAT DOES BLOOD FLOW IN THE JUGULAR VEINS?
Definition
Brain. Toward heart.
Term
20% OF THE BODY'S OXYGEN SUPPLY'S USED BY?
Definition
Brain
Term
WHAT RESULTS IN WEAKENING, PERMANENT DAMAGE, OR DEATH OF BRAIN CELLS?
Definition
Interruption to the oxygen supply to the Brain
Term
WHAT MAY PRODUCE MENTAL CONFUSION, DIZZINESS, CONVULSIONS, AND UNCONSCIOUSNESS?
Definition
Deficiency of glucose in the brain.
Term
WHAT PROTECTS BRAIN CELLS FROM HARMFUL SUBSTANCES AND PATHOGENS (can prevent entry of therapeutic drugs)
Definition
Blood Brain Barrier
Term
WHAT SERVES AS A SELECTIVE BARRIER TO PREVENT PASSAGE OF MANY SUBSTANCES FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE BRAIN (injury to brain may cause breakdown of BBB)?
Definition
BBB
Term
WHAT'S A LIQUID AROUND THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD? (Mechanical, Homeostatic, Circulation)
Definition
Cerebrospinal fluid
Term
WHAT PROTECTS AGAINST CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INJURIES?
Definition
Cerebrospinal fluid
Term
WHAT CARRIES OXYGEN, GLUCOSE, AND OTHER IMPORTANT SUBSTANCES FROM THE BLOOD TO NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS?
Definition
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Term
WHERE IS CSF?
Definition
Ventricles of the brain
Term
WHAT'S A VENTRICLE
Definition
Open space
Term
WHAT DOES BLOOD FROM HEART AND LUNGS CARRY AWAY?
Definition
Nutrient and oxygen filled blood
Term
WHERE DOES BLOOD GO?
Definition
Ventricle then heart
Term
HOW DOES BLOOD FLOW INTO HEART?
Definition
Lateral ventricles get all of it, then go to 3rd and 4th
Term
WHAT HAPPENS IN CSF?
Definition
Choroid Plexuses Synthesize
Term
MEDULLA OBLONGATA (bottom-most), PONS (looks like P), AND MIDBRAIN MAKE UP WHAT?
Definition
Brain Stem
Term
WHAT'S CONTINUOUS W/THE SUPERIOR ASPECT OF THE SPINAL CORD AND CONTAINS PORTIONS OF BOTH MOTOR AND SENSORY TRACTS?
Definition
Medulla oblongata
Term
WHAT DEALS WITH HEART RATE, RESPIRATORY RATE, VASOCONSTRICTION (diameter of blood vessels), SWALLOWING (hypoglossal), COUGHING, VOMITING, SNEEZING, HICCUPPING
Definition
Medulla Oblongata
Term
WHAT KEEPS YOU ALIVE/INVOLUNTARY?
Definition
Medulla Oblongata
Term
VAGUS AND HYPOGLOSSAL (tongue) CRANIAL NERVES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH (structural regions include Pyramids and inferior olivary nuclei, the outside layer)?
Definition
Medulla oblongata
Term
WHAT'S LOCATED SUPERIOR TO THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA AND LINKS PARTS OF THE BRAIN W/ONE ANOTHER BY WAY OF TRACTS?
Definition
Pons
Term
WHAT RELAYS NERVE IMPULSES RELATED TO VOLUNTARY SKELETAL MUSCLE MOVEMENTS FROM CEREBRUM TO CEREBELLUM?
Definition
Pons
Term
WHAT HELPS W/EQUILIBRIUM?
Definition
Pons
Term
WHAT HELPS THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA CONTROL BREATHING (bridge. moving)?
Definition
Pons
Term
TRIGEMINAL, ABDUCENS, FACIAL, AND VESTIBULAR BRANCH OF VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR ARE CRANIAL NERVES ASSOCIATED WITH?
Definition
Pons
Term
WHAT'S LOCATED SUPERIOR TO THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA AND EXTENDS FROM THE PONS TO THE DIENCEPHALON?
Definition
Midbrain
Term
WHAT CONVEYS MOTOR IMPULSES FROM THE CEREBRUM TO THE CEREBELLUM AND SPINAL CORD?
Definition
Midbrain
Term
WHAT SENDS SENSORY IMPULSES FROM THE SPINAL CORD TO THE THALAMUS?
Definition
Midbrain
Term
WHAT REGULATES AUDITORY AND VISUAL REFLEXES (coordinated movements?
Definition
Midbrain
Term
OCULOMOTOR AND TROCHLEAR ARE CRANIAL NERVES ASSOCIATED WITH?
Definition
Midbrain
Term
WHAT HELPS YOU REGULATE MUSCLE TONE (keeps you upright)?
Definition
Reticular formation
Term
WHAT HELPS ALERT THE CORTEX TO INCOMING SENSORY SIGNALS?
Definition
Reticular Formation
Term
WHAT'S RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING CONSCIOUSNESS AND AWAKENING FROM SLEEP?
Definition
Reticular Formation
Term
WHAT OCCUPIES THE INFERIOR AND POSTERIOR ASPECTS OF THE CRANIAL CAVITY AND CONSISTS OF TWO HEMISPHERES AND A CENTRAL VERMIS (big ball mass at bottom, occipital)?
Definition
Cerebellum
Term
WHAT COORDINATES SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS AND MAINTENANCE OF NORMAL MUSCLE TONE, POSTURE, AND BALANCE?
Definition
Cerebellum
Term
WHAT'S ARBOR VITAE (milenatedaxons, tree of life)?
Definition
WHITE MATTER FOUND W/IN CEREBELLUM
Term
THALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, EPITHALAMUS (endocrine/hormone functions) MAKE UP THE?
Definition
Diencephalon
Term
WHAT'S LOCATED SUPERIOR TO THE MIDBRAIN?
Definition
Nuclei in the Thalamus
Term
WHAT SERVES AS RELAY STATIONS FOR ALL SENSORY IMPULSES (except smell) TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX (80%)?
Definition
Nuclei in the Thalamus
Term
MAMMILLARY, TUBERAL, SUPRAOPTIC, AND PREOPTIC REGIONS ARE PART OF?
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
WHAT REGION HAS REFLEXES RELATED TO SMELL, BACK?
Definition
Mammillary
Term
WHAT HYPOTHALAMUS REGION CONNECTS PENIAL/PITUITARY GLAND TO HYPOTHALAMUS?
Definition
Tuberal
Term
WHAT REGION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS IS A POINT OF CROSSING OF OPTIC NERVES?
Definition
Supraoptic
Term
WHAT REGION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS IS IN FRONT?
Definition
Preoptic
Term
WHAT REGION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS WORKS W/HYPOTHALAMUS?
Definition
Preoptic
Term
WHAT REGION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS IS AUTONOMIC (inferior to thalamus and controls many body activities)?
Definition
Preoptic
Term
WHAT'S THE HYPOTHALAMUS A MAJOR REGULATOR OF?
Definition
Homeostasis
Term
WHAT GLAND'S IN THE EPITHALAMUS (lies superior and posterior to the thalamus/above and back)?
Definition
Pineal
Term
MELATONIS AND HABENULAR NUCLEI WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN OLFACTION/SMELLING ARE SECRETED FROM?
Definition
Pineal gland
Term
WHAT CAN MONITOR CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD BECAUSE THEY LACK A BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER?
Definition
CVOs
Term
WHAT COORDINATE HOMEOSTATIC ACTIVITIES OF THE ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS (circumvnetricular organs of the diencephalon)?
Definition
CVOs
Term
PORTION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS, PINEAL GLAND, AND PITUITARY GLAND ARE BRAIN PARTS THAT ARE INCLUDED IN THE?
Definition
CVO
Term
WHAT'S NOT PROTECTED BY THE BBB?
Definition
Portion of the hypothalamus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland
Term
GREY MATTER COMPOSES WHAT (contains billions of neurons. Gyri[bumps], fissures[big open area/straight line], and sulci[dips] can be identified on the cortex)?
Definition
Cerebral Cortex
Term
WHAT CONNECTS THE RIGHT AND LEFT HEMISPHERES OF THE CEREBRUM (Deep inside cortex is white matter composed of neurons that connect parts of the brain to each other and the spinal cord)?
Definition
Corpus Callosum
Term
THE PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY, PRIMARY VISUAL, PRIMARY GUSTATORY, AND PRIMARY AUDITORY AREAS ARE PART OF WHAT?
Definition
Sensory areas of Cerebral Cortex
Term
ANYTHING YOUR BODY'S FEELING, CAN REMEMBER?
Definition
Primary Somatosensory Area
Term
TASTE, MEMORY
Definition
Primary Gustatory Area
Term
HEARING, MEMORY
Definition
Primary auditory area
Term
PRIMARY AND BROCA'S ARE WHAT KIND OF AREAS?
Definition
Motor
Term
MAP OF BODY, WIGGLE TOES?
Definition
Primary Motor Area
Term
UNDERSTAND LANGUAGE, GROWS WHEN LEARNING NEW LANGUAGE?
Definition
Broca's Speech Area
Term
SOMATOSENSORY ASSOCIATION, WERNICKE'S, AND PREMOTOR ARE WHAT KIND OF AREAS?
Definition
Association Areas
Term
WHAT CAN GUESS WHAT YOU'RE FEELING?
Definition
Somatosensory Association Area
Term
WHAT CAN INTERPRET WHAT WORDS MEAN, CONVERTS THOUGHT TO WORDS?
Definition
Wernicke's Area
Term
WHAT MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE DIRECT ROLE OF BEHAVIOR?
Definition
Premotor Area
Term
WHAT HAS RELATIVE EMPHASIS ON THE TRUNK MUSCLES OF THE BODY?
Definition
Premotor Area
Term
PREFRONTAL CORTEX IS WHAT PART OF AREA?
Definition
Association
Term
WHAT DEALS WITH PERSONALITY, INTELLECT, RECALL INFO, INTEGRATES MIXED JUDGEMENT, INTUITION, MOOD, ABSTRACT OF COMPLEX IDEAS?
Definition
Prefrontal Cortex
Term
LEFT IS ANALYTICAL AND RIGHT'S INTUITIVE?
Definition
Hemispheric lateralization
Term
ALPHA, BETA, THETA, AND DELTA?
Definition
BRAIN WAVES THAT REPRESENT A LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Term
DEEP RELAXATION W/EYES USUALLY CLOSED, DAYDREAMING?
Definition
Alpha
Term
NORMAL WAKING CONSCIOUSNESS AND OF A HEIGHTENED STATE OF ALERTNESS, LOGIC AND CRITICAL REASONING?
Definition
Beta
Term
DEEP MEDIATION AND LIGHT SLEEP, INCLUDING REM DREAM STATE
Definition
Theta
Term
SLOWEST AND PRESENT IN DEEP, DREAMLESS SLEEP AND DEEP, TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION WHERE AWARENESS COMPLETELY DETACHED
Definition
Delta
Term
OLFACTORY, OPTIC, OCULOMOTOR, TRIGEMINAL, VESI, VAGUS, ACCESSORY, HYPOGLOSSAL ARE WHAT KIND OF NERVES?
Definition
Cranial
Term
SPECIAL SENSORY, SMELL?
Definition
Olfactory
Term
SPECIAL SENSORY. VISION?
Definition
Optic
Term
MOVING EYES. MOTOR. SOMATIC: MOVEMENT OF EYEBALLS AND UPPER EYELID. MOTOR, AUTOMATIC: ADJUSTS LENS FOR NEAR VISION, ACCOMMODATION. CONSTRICTION OF PUPIL.
Definition
Oculomotor
Term
EAR
Definition
Vesi
Term
VOICE MUSCLES, BLOOD pH. MIXED. SENSORY: TASTE FROM EPIGLOTTIS, PROPRIOCEPTION FROM THROAT AND VOICE BOX MUSCLES, MONITORS BLOOD PRESSURE AND OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS IN BLOOD, TOUCH, PAIN, AND THERMAL SENSATIONS FROM SKIN OF EXTERNAL EAR, SENSATIONS FROM THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL ORGANS. MOTOR BRANCHIAL: SWALLOWING, VOCALIZATION, AND COUGHING. MOTOR, AUTONOMIC: MOBILITY AND SECRETION OF GASTROINTESTINAL ORGANS. CONSTRICTION OF RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS. DECREASES HEART RATE.
Definition
Vagus
Term
HEAD AND PECTORAL. MOTOR, BRANCHIAL.
Definition
Acessory
Term
TONGUE, SPEECH, MANIPULATION OF FOOD IN MOUTH AND SWALLOWING. MOTOR, SOMATIC.
Definition
Hypoglossal
Term
WHAT CAN RESULT IN THE LOSS OF NEURONS?
Definition
AGING
Term
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (stroke)
Definition
Disorder from homeostatic imbalance
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