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Exam 3
Porcine Resp Dz
48
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
03/10/2017

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Term
What does it mean to say that dz occurs when resistance and challenge intersect?
Definition
-resistance has declined OR challenge has risen
Term
How do we inc resistance for dz?
Definition
-vaccination
-biosecurity
-good nutrition
Term
How do we lower the challenge for dz?
Definition
-isolation upon entry
-test for dz upon entry
Term
Describe farrowing in today's sow farm.
Definition
-sows are bred, gestated, and farrowed in indoor facilities on slats
-in individual farrowing crates
Term
What is the typical wt of a newborn pig? Weaned pigs?
Definition
-newborn: 1-3 lb
-Weaned: 10-15lb
Term
Describe a swine nursery.
Definition
-arrive as weaned pigs (10-15 lbs)
-leave as "Feeder pigs" (40-50 lbs)
Term
Describe a swine finishing plant.
Definition
-feeder pigs arrive at 40-50 lb
-market hogs leave at 250-270 lb
Term
Describe the pathogenesis of orcine Resp Dz Complex (PRDC). Etiology?
Definition
-usually due to stress
-primary infection: M. hyopneumoniae, swine influenza virus, PRRS, PCV2
-Secondary infection: Strep suis, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Bordatella bronchiseptica
Term
What are the clinical signs of Porcine Resp Dz Complex?
Definition
-fever
-depression
-anorexia
-coughing: dry nonproductive
-dyspnea
-thumping: exaggerated, jerking abdominal breathing
Term
How do we diagnose PRDC?
Definition
-CS
-lesions
-can submit samples to lab to determine which pathogens are involved
Term
HOw do we treat PRDC?
Definition
-mass-treatment for control of secondary bacterial infections
-oral tx in feed/water or parenteral tx
Term
What is the most economically damaging disease in swine industry?
Definition
-Porcine Repro Resp Syndrome: PRRS
Term
What kind of virus is PRRS? Which cells does it target?
Definition
-arterivirus: RNA virus
-attacks macrophages
Term
What is a special challenge when tackling the PRRS virus?
Definition
-mutates readily so new strains are constantly emerging
Term
True or FAlse: Animals immune to one strain of PRRS are protected against all strains.
Definition
-FALSE
Term
Why do we frequently see concurrent infections w/ PRRS?
Definition
-b/c it attacks the macrophages it makes the animal immunosuppressed
Term
How is PRRS transmitted?
Definition
-aerosol or direct contact
-coital transmission (even AI)
-iatrogenic spread
-indirect contact (fomites)
-can be airborne b/n farms several miles away
Term
Describe the "life cycle" of PRRS in the animal.
Definition
-replication in local macrophage => viremia => lymphoid organs and lungs => development of acquired immunity and clearing of the virus w/in 2-4w in msot animals
Term
What leads to persistent PRRS infection? How long do PI animals shed the virus?
Definition
-replication in lymphoid tissue
-shed up to 6m
Term
True or FAlse: PI w/ PRRSV is based on immunotolerance and is life long.
Definition
-FALSE, not based on immunotolerance and not lifelonge
Term
Can postnatal and fetal swine become PI w/ PRRS?
Definition
-yes
Term
What are the clinical signs of repro PRRS infection?
Definition
-high numbers of abortions at any stage of pregnancy
-fever
-anorexia
-resp symptoms
-inc mummies several weeks after acute break
Term
When are neonatal pigs infected w/ PRRS? CS?
Definition
-infected in utero or shortly after birth
-fever
-depression
-resp distress
-cyanosis
-diarrhea
-VERY HIGH MORTALITY
-similar in weaned pigs, but concurrent infections inc severity and mortality
Term
What do we see on PRRS on necropsy?
Definition
-aborted ftuses may be fresh or autolyzed
-diffuse interstitial pneumonia (lungs don't collapse) w/ tan discoloeration
-LN enlarged
Term
How do we diagnose PRRS?
Definition
-CS + lsions
=PCR on saliva
-ELISA to determne herd status
Term
Describe prevention/control PRRS?
Definition
-mantenance of negative herd is best strategy
-areas with a low population of pigs are best for sow farms
-biosecurity: replacement animals, transportation, supplies/tools/equipment, personnel, vermin, air filter
Term
What kind of virus is Swine Flu? How is it classified?
Definition
-orthomyxovirus: RNA genome
-type A influenze virus
-classified by hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)
Term
Is interspecies transmission of swine flu possible? Explain.
Definition
-yes
-turkeys, ducks, wild birds, people
Term
Describe the "Classical" Swine H1N1 strain that dominated in the 1900's.
Definition
-outbreaks occured in late autumn and early winter
-high morbidity/low mortality
-highly conserved genetically and antigenically
-effective commercial vacciens
Term
Describe the H3N2 "triple reassortment" swine flue from 1997.
Definition
-in US
-components of human, avian, and swine viruses
-now a year round problem
-commercial vaccines often ifeffective due to strian differences
Term
Describe the "life cycle" of swine flu in the body.
Definition
-virus attaches to and enters resp epi => widespread necrosis and infamm of brinchi/bronchioles, and interalveolar septa
-no viremia
-essentially limited to resp system
Term
What are the clinical signs of swine flue?
Definition
-sudden onset and high morbidity
-high temp
-paroxysmal dry cough
-thumping
-prostration
-anorexia
-depression
-rapid recovery complete by 10-14d
-low mortality if uncomplicated but rarely uncomplicated
Term
What do we see on necropsy w/ swine flu?
Definition
-pulmonar hyperemia
-cranioventral consolidatoin
Term
How do we treat swine flue?
Definition
-suportive: aspirin in water
-abx control of secondary bacterial problems
Term
How do we prevent/control swine flue?
Definition
-killed viral vx
-commercial: limited strains
-autogenous: lengthy process for pdn and approval
-pre-farrow vx of sows
-whole herd sow farm vx
-vx of growying pigs
Term
What is the main etiology of porcine circovirus associated dz (PCVAD)?
Definition
-Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2)
Term
Which pigs are most commonly affected by Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome?
Definition
-pigs in late nursery and early finisher
Term
Describe the clinical presentation of PDNS.
Definition
-mortality almost 200%
-red to purple lesions on skin: necrotizing vasculitis
-bilaterally enlarged kidneys: necrotizing glomerulitis w/ intrstitial nephritis
Term
Which pigs are most commonly affected by post-weaning ultisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)?
Definition
-2-3m
Term
What are the clinical presentation of PMWS?
Definition
-high morbidity
-high mortality
-wating
-palor
-resp distress
0enlarged LN
Term
What lesions do we see in response to PMWS?
Definition
-interstitial penumonia
-lymphocyte depletion of lymphoid tissues w/ replacement by histiocytes
Term
True or FAlse: PCV2 can cause repro failure.
Definition
-TRUE: abortions, stillbirths, and mummies
Term
HOw do we diagnose PCVAD?
Definition
-PCR typically positive in non-clinical animals
-must have histo lesions to definitively diagnose PCVAD
Term
How do we control PCVAD?
Definition
-commercial vx
Term
What is the etiologye behind mycoplasmal pneumonia (enzootic pneumonia)?
Definition
-mycoplasma hyopneumonia
Term
How is mycoplasmal pneumonia transmitted?
Definition
-aerosol and nose-to-nose contact
Term
Describe the pathophys of mycoplasmal pneumonia?
Definition
-colonize resp epi => bronchitis, bronchiolitis, mild pneumonia
-interfere w/ ciliary escalator = PRDC
Term
What are the clinical signs of mycoplasmal penumonia?
Definition
-often subclinical to mildly clinical
-chronic persistent non-productive cough
-retarded growth and poor feed efficiency
-low mortality
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