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Exam 4
PPID
20
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
11/05/2016

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Cards

Term
What are the two major equine endocrine diseases?
Definition
-PPID: equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
-EMS: equine metabolic syndrome
Term
What is the older common name for PPID?
Definition
-equine Cushing's disease
Term
Which age group of equids is affected by PPID?
Definition
-AGED: usually mid to late teens
Term
How common in PPID?
Definition
-roughly one third of horses affeced
Term
Which equids are predisposed to PPID?
Definition
-poneis
-morgans
-horses with EMS
Term
What are the clinical signs of PPID?
Definition
-abnormal haircuoat
-weight loss due ot muscl atrophy with pot belly appearance
-secondary infection
-lethargy, change in mentation
-hyperhidrosis, actually dyshidrosis
-repro infertility
-laminitis
-insulin duregulation
-PU/PD
-abnormal fat distribution
-exercise intolerance
Term
What are the four functions of the pars intermedia?
Definition
-seasonal regulation: metabolism and haircoat prep for winter
-metabolic regulation
-anti-inflammatory
-analgesia
Term
What do we see on post mortem exam with PPID?
Definition
-hypertrophy and hyperrplasia of pars intermedia, microadenomas, and macroadenomas
Term
What causes PPID?
Definition
-loss of dopamine!
Term
What causes dopaminergic neurons to degenerate?
Definition
-oxidative stress and misfolded proteins
Term
What are our 2 diagnostic tests for PPID?
Definition
-plasma ACTH concentration
-TRH stim test
-post mortem exam with histology
-overnight dexamethasone suppression test
Term
How do we administer an overnight dexamethasone suppression test to a horse suspected of having PPID? What results do we expect to see?
Definition
-pull serum at rest, give dex IM, pull serum 19h later
-normal horses suppress cortisol < 1ug/dl
Term
What are the disadvantages of a dexamethasone supppression test to diagnose PPID?
Definition
-flase negatives are very common
-false positives occur during the Fall but a negative test during this time is strong evidence
-requires two trips
-can only diagnose late-stage disease
Term
How does an endogenous plasma ACTH conc test work?
Definition
-measure ACTH conc in plasma sample via chemiluminescent assay
Term
What is the test of choice to diagnose PPID?
Definition
-TRH stimulation test
Term
How do we perform a TRH stimulation test? What results do we expect to see?
Definition
-give TRH IV and measure before, at 10 mins, and at 30 mins
->110 at 10 min in non-fall months says PPID
Term
What is the major drawback of TRH?
Definition
-not useful during fall months
Term
What side effects should we warn the owner about with TRH administration?
Definition
-may shake, couch, and flehmen response for a few seconds
Term
If we have suggestive clinical signs in a horse for PPID but they test negative, then what do we do?
Definition
-retest in 4-6m or treat anyway
Term
How do we treat PPID in the horse?
Definition
-Pergolide (dopamine agonist): causes appetitie suppression
-Add on Cyproheptidine (serotonin antagonist)
-treat laminitis and hyperinsulinemia
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