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Exam 3
Module 30
47
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/22/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Mr. Hanson is strongly suspected of embezzling money from his employer. He has denied the allegation. To determine whether he is lying, investigators are most likely to ask Mr. Hanson to take a(n) ________ test
Definition
polygraph
Term
According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion you experience fear at the
Definition
same time your heart begins pounding.
Term
Walking home from work late one night, Jaydra suddenly hears footsteps behind her. Her heart pounds, her muscles tense, and her mouth goes dry. These bodily responses are activated by her ________ nervous system.
Definition
sympathetic
Term
When guilty knowledge tests are used with enough specific probes
Definition
innocent suspects are seldom judged guilty by polygraph examiners
Term
Researchers discovered that the ________ an individual's spinal cord injury, the more feelings of anger tended to ________ in intensity following the injury.
Definition
higher; decrease
Term
Emotional disgust is to emotional delight as ________ is to ________.
Definition
right prefrontal cortex activation; left prefrontal cortex activation
Term
Evidence that neck-level spinal cord injuries reduce the intensity with which people experience certain emotions most directly refutes the
Definition
Cannon-Bard theory
Term
Which theory would be most threatened by evidence that highly similar patterns of physiological activity are associated with uniquely different emotional states
Definition
the James-Lange theory
Term
Whether we feel angry or depressed in response to a low exam grade depends on whether we attribute the poor grade to an unfair test or to our own low intelligence. This best illustrates that emotions are influenced by
Definition
cognitive appraisals
Term
The sympathetic nervous system is to the parasympathetic nervous system as ________ is to ________.
Definition
inhibition of digestion; acceleration of digestion
Term
The spillover effect refers to the impact of lingering ________ on the intensity of any subsequent emotional reactions.
Definition
physical arousal
Term
According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the experience of an emotion
Definition
occurs simultaneously with physiological arousal
Term
Observers watching fearful faces show more brain activity in the ________ than do those watching angry faces.
Definition
amygdala
Term
Turning in at her street, Dominique saw six fire trucks in front of her apartment building. Her heart beat wildly until someone yelled, “Just a false alarm.” Her pulse then began to return to normal, due to the action of her ________ nervous system.
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
In one study, polygraph experts interpreted the polygraph data of 100 people who had been suspects in crimes of theft. Had the polygraph experts been the judges of guilt or innocence
Definition
more than one-third of the truly innocent would have been declared guilty
Term
An inexperienced pilot prepares for an emergency landing after her single-engine plane loses power. Her emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by
Definition
increased blood sugar levels
Term
As people experience negative emotions_________ more electrically active.
Definition
the right prefrontal cortex
Term
In anger-provoking situations, sexually aroused people experience more intense hostility than those who are not sexually aroused. This best illustrates
Definition
the spillover effect
Term
Astrid was emotionally aroused by a TV horror movie. She became extremely angry when her younger brother momentarily blocked her view of the screen. When her movie viewing was interrupted by a phone call from her boyfriend, however, she experienced unusually intense romantic feelings. Astrid's different emotional reactions to her brother and her boyfriend are best explained by
Definition
the two-factor theory
Term
The suggestion that we share a friend's feelings of joy if we smile with him or her best illustrates the logic of the
Definition
James-Lange theory
Term
Which of the following suggests that the experience of emotion results from an awareness of our own physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event?
Definition
the James-Lange theory
Term
Although newspapers reported that a murder victim had been stabbed with a knife, two police investigators knew that the actual murder weapon was a letter opener. While carefully monitoring the changes in heart rate and perspiration level of a prime suspect, the investigators asked him if he typically used a letter opener on his mail. The investigators were making use of the
Definition
guilty knowledge test
Term
If people who have just been aroused by watching rock videos are then insulted, their feelings of anger will be greater than those of people who have been similarly provoked but were not previously aroused. This best illustrates
Definition
the spillover effect
Term
The insula is activated when people experience emotions such as
Definition
pride, lust, disgust
*any of these
Term
Vaseem experienced excessive fear while flying because he interpreted his rapid heart rate, shallow breathing, and heavy perspiration as a reaction to the imminent danger of a plane crash. When his psychotherapist convinced him that this physical arousal was simply a harmless reaction to acceleration, cabin pressure, and confined space, his fear of flying was greatly reduced. The reduction in Vaseem's fear is best understood in terms of
Definition
the two-factor theory
Term
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
slows heart rate and accelerates digestion
Term
Evidence that visual input is routed from the thalamus directly to the amygdala has been used to support the claim that
Definition
some emotional reactions may occur without conscious thinking
Term
Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed by eyelids lifted, mouth corners retracted, and brows level while drawn in and up?
Definition
fear
Term
Carroll Izard has suggested that love is a mixture of interest-excitement and
Definition
joy
Term
Research on the physiological states accompanying specific emotions indicates that the finger temperatures and hormone secretions that accompany fear and anger
Definition
do sometimes differ.
Term
The low-road pathway from the thalamus to the amygdala most directly contributes to ________ emotional responses
Definition
automatic
Term
We sometimes interpret our arousal before experiencing a complex emotional reaction such as hatred. These complex emotional reactions follow a neural pathway from
Definition
the thalamus to the cerebral cortex to the amygdala
Term
Which theory can best explain the results of the experiment in which college men were injected with epinephrine prior to spending time with either a euphoric or an irritated person?
Definition
the two-factor theory
Term
When students perceive the arousal that accompanies test-taking as energizing rather than debilitating, they experience much less anxiety. This is best understood in terms of the
Definition
two-factor theory
Term
Which division of the nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in emotionally stressful situations?
Definition
sympathetic
Term
Which of the following emotional reactions is most likely to precede any conscious thinking?
Definition
fear
Term
During a state of emotional arousal, the adrenal glands release ________ into the bloodstream.
Definition
norepinephrine
Term
Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed by brows raised, eyes widened, and mouth rounded in an oval shape?
Definition
surprise
Term
The polygraph measures the changes in ________ that accompany emotion.
Definition
heart rate
Term
Ten-year-old Vito tells his friend, “When you notice that your knees knock, your hands sweat, and your stomach is in knots, then you really get scared.” This statement best illustrates
Definition
the James-Lange theory
Term
College men given injections of epinephrine felt happiest if they were told the injection would produce ________ and if they were in the company of a person who was acting ________.
Definition
no effects; euphoric
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic components of emotion identified in the text?
Definition
drive reduction
Term
The emotions of anger and fear involve similar
Definition
patterns of autonomic arousal
Term
Which theory states that emotion results from the cognitive labeling of our physiological arousal?
Definition
two-factor theory
Term
According to the Cannon-Bard theory, bodily arousal is related to the subjective awareness of emotion in the same way as the ________ is related to the ________.
Definition
sympathetic nervous system; cortex
Term
One problem with the use of the polygraph for lie detection is that
Definition
anxiety, irritation, and guilt feelings all prompt similar physiological reactivity
Term
Both the James-Lange and the two-factor theories of emotion maintain that
Definition
the experience of emotion grows from an awareness of our body's arousal.
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