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Exam 3
N/A
131
History
Undergraduate 2
05/09/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
"Great Crash of 1929"
Definition
________- known as "Black Tuesday" 10/29/29 - stock market crash a sense of distrust, caused by "buying on the margin" $10 down (100 a share) - brokers want $90
Term
Hoover
Definition
in 1928 ________ (R) was reelected
Term
The Great Depression
Definition
Causes of  ____________ : Banks holding money, not lending it, Federal Gov. interest rates increase-deflation occrus, 12/1930 Bank of the U.S. Fails, Corp. dumping products then starts to lay off works
Term
Deficit Spending
Definition
Hoover's policies - worsen the situation, first to do _________ - spending more then he is taking from taxes
Term
Hawley - Smoot Tariffs
Definition
The _____________ (1930) 70% on export/import goods
Term
Hoovervilles
Definition
_________ are where poor people are relying on soup kitchens
Term
Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)
Definition

_________ won the Election of 1932, promised to get rid of the 26% unemployment rate, would be president from 1933-1945, created the "New Deal"

Term
The New Deal
Definition
________ is FDR's specific agenda for getting the country out of the depression, based on public works
Term
Saving the Banks
Definition
First question of the New Deal was __________ - what to do about this situation, to bring to confidence back in everyone
Term
Fireside Chats
Definition
_________ - FDR would speak to the people about the programs he was setting up, asking for support, on the radio
Term
The Hundred Days
Definition
________  - first 3 months FDR was in office, 14 separate forms of legislation through congress
Term
Keynesianism
Definition
the belief in gov. spending to stimulate activity. Gov. engages in deliberate deficit spending created by John Maynard
Term
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Definition

 

 {1935}-provided work relief for the 

unemployed, who got jobs building schools, playgrounds, airports and fixing roads. Specifically interested in Direct Relief, Work Relief

 

Term

 

Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation (FDIC)

 

Definition

 

Glass-Steagall Banking Act (1933)- established the ______________, which protects consumers by insuring deposits up to $2500. (an amount 

later raised $5000 during the D), gave Social Security to the elderly, Progressive Dream 

 

Term
Fair Labor Standards Act
Definition

 

 (1938)- established the minimum wage, forty hours as the maximum work week, and the abolition of child labor

 

Term
National Labor Relations Act (1935)
Definition

 

 

___________-made it easier for unorganized workers to establish a union at their place of work, prohibited employers from participating in “unfair labor practices,” and created the Board to conduct elections to form unions

 

Term
Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO)
Definition
Mid 30's formation of the _____________ focus was on the industries - autos (UAW), mines (UMW), steel (USWA)- industrial unions
Term
Democrats
Definition
In the Election of 1936 African Americans switched to ________
Term
Eleanor Roosevelt
Definition
________ - sensitive to issues that concern African Americans
Term
Black Cabinet
Definition
the establishment of the __________ - Leader was Mary McLeod Bethune, personally ambivalent to racial issues
Term
Limited Welfare State
Definition
___________ - the assisstance to certain groups in society such as the elderly, poor people, farmers, not enough in comparison to what was happening in Europe
Term
Countercyclical Spending
Definition
[image](business cycle). Both Parties participate in it, when the government starts spending to end a recession
Term
The Democratic Party
Definition
The __________ - the majority party (1932 - 1980) - set the agenda, they don't touch the New Deal Order 
Term
The New Deal Coalition
Definition
the people who vote for the democrats were farmers, labor unions, african americans, intellectuals, catholics
Term
WW2
Definition
_____ breaks the Depression
Term
Isolationism
Definition
_________ - (not accurate) the theme of the country, U.S. isn't interested in the events outside of the country.
Term
Washington Naval Conference (1921 - 1922)
Definition
purpose was Disarmament - countries need to reduce navys (Wilsons dream) shows that the U.S. are activists. Effective*
Term

Emergency Banking Act

Definition

 (1933)- allowed for Federal government inspection of all U.S. 

banks, allowing those with sufficient assets to receive a license from the Treasury 

Department as well as to reopen

Term
National Recovery Administration (1933)
Definition

-Federal agency established under the 

National Industrial Recovery Act, responsible for centralized planning of industrial 

production through price-controls and resource allocatio

Term

Social Security Act (1935)

Definition

 established: 1) pensions for workers who retired at the age of sixty-five and older; 2) the Federal unemployment insurance system; and 3) public 

assistance for dependent mothers with children

Term
The Good Neighbor Policy
Definition
friendly treatment to the nations of Latian America. U.S. will stop intervening with military. Reputing of the Roosevelt Coroallary(TR) cousin of FDR
Term
Italy, Germany, Japan
Definition
The Axis Powers - _____,_____,_____ signed a treaty of amicability
Term
Benito Mussolini
Definition
took over the Gov. of Italy, became dictator, always wore a military uniform, known as the Iron Duce - strong leader who is always right. Lead the Blackshirts. Promised to bring Italy out of their economic depression. creator of Facism.
Term
Facism
Definition
Supremacy of the State (central govt.) anti - individualism. "Believe, Fight, Obey". Complete obedience to the dictator, supports business leaders, crushes any dissent
Term
Adolph Hitler
Definition
constantly reminds Germans of how the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 punished Germany. Leader of the Nazi Party - Chancellor of Germany (1933) takes over
Term
National Socialist Party (Nazi Party)
Definition
blamed Jews for the economic crisis and the Treaty of Versailles
Term
Aryan race
Definition
Ancestors of the Anglo - Saxon, the ________, perspective created by Houston S. Chamberlain
Term
Admiral Tojo
Definition
1936, the military dictator _______ takes over Japan. Becomes the primeminister. Cabinet taken over by military officials. Japan was suffering a Great Depression.
Term
Axis Powers
Definition
Common characteristics of the _________: Dictatorships, Militarism, Imperialism
Term
Sept. 1939, August 1945
Definition
WWII begins on ________, is over in ________
Term
U.S.
Definition
_____ seeking to be neutral, enters and dictates the outcome
Term
German Blitzkrieg
Definition
known as the lightning war, dive bombers, tanks, then troops Fall of France - June 1940
Term
Britain
Definition
_______ is the last country in Europe Germany hasn't conquered
Term
Lend - Lease
Definition
FDR's strategy to give Birtish weapons, 1940, their liberty U.S. security. "U.S. is the arsenal of Democracy"
Term
Freedom of speech and expression, of worship, from want(starvation and deprevation, from fear
Definition
President laying out the reasons for the opposition of the Axis were _____________, which were....
Term
Sir Winston Churchill
Definition
new primeminister of Great Britain 1930's, warned people about Hitler says he is a menace. Britain under constant air assault. Battle of Britain 1940, Partnership with Franklin Roosevelt
Term
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Definition
12/7/1941 - ___________ - brings U.S. into the war, Japanese Bomb. U.S. declares war 12/8/1941, In 6 months Pacific Fleet is rebuilt
Term
U.S., Great Britain, Russia
Definition
The Allies were...
Term
Joseph Stalin
Definition
Slaughtered 21 million peasant in the purge
Term
Great Migration
Definition
Phillip Randolph says there will be a 2nd phase of the __________, going to pressure Gov. for equal pay, treatment in the work place. Threatens "March on Washington"
Term
Axis, Jim Crow racism
Definition
"Double V" - victory over the _____, victory over ________. African Americans wanted this.
Term
Rosie the Riveter
Definition
symbol of the working woman, heavy industrial jobs
Term
The Internment of Japanese-Americans
Definition
U.S. citizens 1942 ordered to relocation camps, fear of harboring spies, security threats, civil rights attacked. A trampling on the Constitutional Rights of citizens.
Term
Germany, Italy
Definition
European Theatre - Goal was to defeat _________
Term
The Tuskeegee Airmen
Definition
all African American Fighter Plane group
Term
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Definition
Roosevelt selects him to lead the invasion of Europe. In the army for over 30 years. Great reputation. Architect of D-Day invasion.
Term
D-Day Invasion, June 6, 1944
Definition
_________Normandy, France - turning point in Europe in WWII.
Term
Defeat Japan
Definition
The Pacific Theatre - the air war in the pacific. Goal:___________
Term
Battle of Midway (1942)
Definition
Japanese defeated at the ____________, the turning point in the Pacific. 
Term
Island Hopping
Definition
In order to conquer the Pacific the Americans need to be ___________
Term
Douglas MacArthur
Definition
Gen. __________ - leader of the Island Hopping campaign. Forced to evacuate the Philipines b/c of the Japanese
Term
The Manhattan Project
Definition
a top secret project for the production of the atomic bomb.
Term
1945
Definition
The United Nations formed in ______ - in New York
Term
Yalta Conference
Definition
Feb. 1945 The __________ was held after WWII.
Term
Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
Definition
Who were the "Big Three"?
Term
The Yalta System
Definition
a system of cooperation of the U.S., Great Britain, and Soviets (Russia)
Term
Stalin
Definition
_______ is absolutely intent on staying in the countries they pushed Germany back from Poland, Eastern Europe, Czech, Hungaria, Romania
Term
Cold War
Definition
The ________ - Soviet Union vs. U.S. 1945 - Nov. 1989
Term
Bolshevik
Definition
1917 the __________ Revolution occured - then the Communist Party came about. The U.S.S.R. (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic)
Term
Joseph Stalin
Definition
1928- _________ was the successor to Lenin
Term
Iron Curtain
Definition
After 1945 Europe was divided East-Soviets/West-NATO, Germany divided East/West and Berlin divided. Described as the ____________
Term
Marshall Plan 1948
Definition
__________-economic assistance to Western European country for rebuilding the economies, extended the plan to the Soviets too.
Term
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Definition
a defensive alliance formed in 1949
Term
The Berlin Airlift 1948-1949
Definition
Stalin cuts the rail, automobile trafficm electricity into western Berlin. He's testing Truman on the containment policy. For 10 months planes will fly supplies to the Western people in Berlin to avoid WWIII. 450 flights daily carrying food, raw materials, coal
Term
Communists
Definition
During 1949 in China the ________ took over
Term
Mao Tse Tung
Definition
The leader of the Communist Party in China was ________
Term
Nationalist Party
Definition
________ (Republic of China) evacuate mainland China and go to Formosa/ present day Taiwan
Term
Peoples Republic
Definition
__________ of China is mainland China
Term
Domino Theory
Definition
if a country becomes communist its neighboring countries would also become communist as well
Term
North Korea attacks South Korea
Definition
June, 1950 - __________ - purpose of unification, another test by the Soviets of Trumans containment policy
Term
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Definition
United Nations forces led by ______________ - South Korean forces able to push the North Korean forces to the border of China. Said China would not attack. When they do he says to bomb China. Truman fires him in 1951
Term
McCarthy
Definition
________ - says that the answer to why U.S. was in a stalemate with China is that there are communist officials in the U.S. Govt.
Term
Civil Rights Policies
Definition
The Truman Administration 1945-1953 dealt with _______________ Desegration of armed forces - southern democrats angry.
Term
Fair Deal
Definition
Truman is reelected in 1948 and begins The ___________ - National Health Insurance, Medical and Dental Care, Fair Employment Practice Commission
Term
Second Red Scare
Definition
The _________ happens b/c in 1949 the Soviets explode an atomic weapon, Mao Tse Tung takes power
Term
Alger Hiss Case
Definition
Richard Nixon believed and proved he was lying under oath. Thought to be a soviet communist spy. Convicted of purgery
Term
Soviet Spy
Definition
Judith Coplan, Justice Department - was a _______
Term
Joseph McCarthy
Definition
Sen. ________ - stated that there were thousands of communists in the U.S. Govt.
Term
McCarthyism
Definition
_________ - accusations without evidence
Term
1950, Consensus
Definition
The _____'s was the Decade of Abundance, huge boost in the economy, and Decade of _______ - both political parties have a broad agreement that democracy is the answer
Term
American Civil Religion
Definition
the expectation of  if your an American you are going to church or synagogue. Judeo - Christian Ethic.
Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Definition
The Civil Rights Revolution is begun by the case ________v.__________1954 - separate is unequal - begins the desegregation of the school system.
Term
Rosa Parks
Definition
The Mongomery Bus Boycott 1955-56 begun by _________ arrested in Dec.
Term
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Definition
___________ age 26, his philosophy of none violence, but to protest and boycott the system
Term
Massive Resistance
Definition
___________ crisis in Little Rock, Arkansas 1957, 9 best black students chosen based on academics. Whites wouldn't let them enter the school.
Term
Domestic Policy
Definition
Eisenhower (Ike) elected in 1952 (R), creates the __________ - Interstate Highway System - largest public works policy in U.S. history. Doesn't touch the New Deal, SS.
Term
Ho Chi Minh
Definition
Vietnam (Indochina) _________- leads the resistance against Japanese, gets weapons from the Soviets
Term
New Look
Definition
The ________ - massive retaliation towards the USSR
Term
Sputnik
Definition
_______ crisis Oct. 1957 - Major crisis, Soviet Satillite launched 9, 184 pound Satillites into space, First moment of national self doubt of the U.S. Causes the formation of NASA
Term
U-2 Incident
Definition
The _________ 1960 - Russians shot down U-2 flyer captured and the pilot is held hostage.
Term
Fidel Castro
Definition

 

 

Dealing with Cuba-__________ (1959)  a Marxist, took over Cuba in a Revolution, moved towards the Soviet orbit

 

 

Term
The New Frontier
Definition
Under the Kennedy Adminstration ________ -  continue the New Deal by raising the minimum wage, providing health insurance for the elderly, spend money for education (buildings and teacher’s salaries), financial assistance to large cities (Area Redevelopment Act). Most programs were blocked by a “conservative coalition” of Southern Democrats and Republicans. 
Term
Civil Rights Policies
Definition

 

_________  - caution, restraint, because of the need for support by Southern Democrats in 1964. Appointment of African Americans to positions in the Federal 

Government, to the Federal courts. Work with _________ organizations to register more African American voters. 

 

Term
freedom riders
Definition
student volunteers begin taking bus trips through the South to test out new laws that prohibit segregation in interstate travel facilities, which includes bus and railway stations. Several of the groups of "____________" as they are called, are attacked by angry mobs along the way.
Term
Christianity and Mahatma Gandhi
Definition

 

Dr. King’s philosophy-combined _______ and the teachings of the _______.Very much in the Protestant Christian tradition (not radical). Nonviolence demonstrates “the redemptive love of Christ.” Goal-“the Beloved Community.”

 

Term
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Definition

________-abolished segregation in all public facilities; established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to investigate any discrimination based on race, national origin or sex in the workplace; prohibited federal funds to any institution practicing discrimination

 

Term
Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)
Definition

 

 

_____________-CIA plan to use “anti-Castro exiles” to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. U.S. would provide “air support.” Kennedy backed out of using the U.S. air force “in a futile attempt to hide America’s role.”  Kennedy perceived by many as “weak.

 

 

Term
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Definition

____________- Soviets build “offensive” missiles and launch sites in Cuba, 

Kennedy declares a “strict quarantine” (naval blockade of the island), warns Soviets any 

missiles launched from Cuba would be considered “an attack on America.” American 

forces on highest alert ever. Soviet ships approaching Cuba eventually turned back. Kennedy’s finest moment-now viewed by many as a strong leader

Term
Voting Rights Act (1965)
Definition

__________- gave the Attorney General the power to supervise voter registration in areas where less than half of the minority residents of voting age were registered

Term
Birmingham, Ala (1963)
Definition

 

non-violent demonstrations in _____________ led by Dr. King to end racial discrimination in the city -marchers met the  brutal tactics ordered by Police Commissioner “Bull” Conner, millions of northern whites looked on in horror as Conner’s “massive resistance”  was seen on television. 

 

Term
Stokely Carmicheal
Definition

___________-chairman of SNCC.  

1966- we want “black power” Emphasized  racial pride “black is beautiful” African American history, interest in African heritage Black Studies Programs African clothing Black or “Afro American” preferred terms Black Independence (Nationalism) “Separatist impulse” 

Term
Malcolm X
Definition

 

________-led the Black Muslims-pride and self-acceptance among African Americans Most popular and controversial Complete Racial separation Emphasis on morality –“wake up, clean up, and stand up.” 1964-pilgimage to Meccah

 

Term
Black Panthers
Definition

 

_________- “we make the statement, quoting Chairman Mao, that political power comes through the barrel of a gun” Supported the “oppressed” against a “racist-capitalist” state. violence to achieve goals 

 

Term
Feminism
Definition

_________-end social and economic discrimination against women, Liberation. Women wanted equal treatment and respect.While college-educated, yet still paid half of what a man was making

 

Term
The Feminine Mystique (1963) 
Definition

Betty Friedan wrote _________. Women felt a sense of discontent-that had given up career dreams for the home. Had low self-esteem. Major theme-women’s unhappiness could be traced to cultural values-which kept women oppressed while promising to improve their lives. Family and home and children-were not the answer

Term
South Vietnam
Definition

Johnson continued sending more advisors and $$ to the government of _________

Term
Gulf of Tonkin incident (1964)
Definition

___________-American ships engage in battle with North Vietnamese patrol boats in the Gulf of Tonkin.  American ships patrolled North Vietnamese coasthelping secret ASVN raids, and gathering intelligence

Term
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)
Definition

______________-Johnson’s request for “a blank check” to assist the government of South Vietnam. Congressional authorization for the U.S. to “repel aggression” in Southeast Asia –all measures to stop an armed attack on the U.S

Term
Impact of Television
Definition

The __________ coverage-the evening news coverage demonstrated the ugliness and tragedy of the war, leading growing numbers of Americans to question U.S. involvement in the War.

Term
The Tet Offensive (1968)
Definition

 

__________-On the day of the Vietnamese New Year, (when fighting usually stopped), the Viet Cong launched surprise attacks throughout South Vietnam. The American Embassy in Saigon was raided. The “turning point” of the Vietnam War, and covered by the TV networks,  the Tet Offensive convinced Americans that the war was stalemated, and led to LBJ’s decision to drop out of the race for President

 

Term
MLK Jr.
Definition

Assassination of _______ killed in April 1968

Term
Robert F. Kennedy
Definition

 

Assassination of ______-(brother of the slain President) killed while seeking the Democratic nomination for President. To many Americans, the country seemed to be literally coming apart. Mood of the country had shifted

 

Term
Kent State University
Definition
On May 4, l970 members of the Ohio National Guard fired into a crowd of _________ demonstrators, killing four and wounding nine Kent State students.
Term
Jackson State killings
Definition
The ______________ occurred on Thursday/Friday May 14–15, 1970, at Jackson State College (now Jackson State University) in Jackson, Mississippi. A group of somewhat violent student protesters were confronted by city and state police.
Term
China, to establish a future with China
Definition
Which country did Nixon visit in Feb., 1972?  What did he hope to accomplish? 
Term
Vietnam
Definition
By 1971 Nixon issued his doctrine, which allowed him to pull out of _______. It said, the U.S. was to give money and military aid to friendly countries, so that they were able to defend themselves. American troops would not be sent.
Term
Gerald Ford, Water Gate scandal
Definition
President Nixon was succeeded by _________, who had been the Speaker of the House of Representatives. He resigned because of the__________
Term
(OPEC)
Definition
the organization of oil exporting countries ______ had been growing stronger and more determined to increase their share of the profits, which were a smaller proportion of the price than was the amount taken in taxation by the consumer countries which imported oil. At the end of 1973 it decided to increase the prices at which oil was sold by some 300 per cent; Iran and the Arab countries were the prime movers in this decision."
Term
Jimmy Carter
Definition
Portraying himself as an outsider who could "clean up the mess in Washington," ______ simply out-hustled his competition. 
Term
Iranian Hostage Crisis
Definition
Fifty-two US citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979 to January 20, 1981, after a group of Islamic students and militants took over the Embassy of the United States in support of the Iranian Revolution. This was known as the __________
Term
Ronald Reagan
Definition
President ____________ defeated Jimmy Carter in 1980.
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