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Exam 3 part 2
Cancer prevention and screening
41
Nursing
Undergraduate 4
11/05/2011

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Term
Carcinogenesis
Definition
process by which one or more cells undergo genetic changes that result in malignant transformation.
Term
Carcinogens
Definition
viruses, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, chemical agents, physical agents, HPV, Alcohol, tobacco, estrogen, occupational exposure
Term
Biological risk
Definition
oncogene activation, genetic predisposition (BRCA 1 &2:normally tumor supressors but can be mutated) immune response failure nutrition.
Term
Differentiating cellular characteristics of cancer
Definition
Anaplasiam, Autonomy, Density-dependent growth inhibition, Restriction point control, Adhesion
Angiogenesis, Migration, Differentiation
Term
anaplasia
Definition
cells change and no longer look like parent cell variation in size, shape and nuclei
Term
Autonomy
Definition
functions alone apart from other cells
Term
Density-dependent growth inhibition
Definition
normal cells recognize when space is used up and stop dividing, but cancer cells don't
Term
Restriction point control
Definition
cancer cells keep growing even after lack of nutrients. latch onto sources.
Term
Adhesion
Definition
cancer cells lack adherence factors that parent cells have so can drift away.
Term
Angiogenesis
Definition
Cells develop own blood supply when growth factor is released
Term
Migration
Definition
bond to neighbor cells is weaker so cells wander or their enzymes dissolve normal cell bonds
Term
Differentiation
Definition
cell matures and functions similar to normal cells. Prostate cancer cells grow in excess and therefore PSA secreted will be elevated (not in all cases)
Term
Epithelial cancer
Definition
carcinoma
Term
Connective tissue cancer
Definition
sarcoma
Term
lymphatic cancer
Definition
lymphoma
Term
nerve cell cancer
Definition
glioma
Term
blood forming cancer
Definition
leukemia, myeloma
Term
in situ
Definition
can be removed sitting in normal cells.
Term
benign tumor
Definition
tumor not cancer, tumor cells grow only locally and cannot spread by invasion or metastasis. Capsule and homogenous cut surface.
Term
Malingnant tumor
Definition
tumor is cancer. cells invade neighboring tissues, enter blood vessels, and metastasize to different sites.
Term
Incidence of cancer
Definition
Men: prostate 25%, lung 15%, colon 10%
Women: Breast 27%, lung 14%, colon 10%
Term
mortalidad of cancer
Definition
Men: Lung 30%, prostate 9%, colon 9%
Women: Lung 26%, breast 15%, colon 9%
2nd leading cause of death
Term
cancer disease of aging
Definition
most are in people >55. Decreased immune response and greater carcinogen exposure contribute, comorbidity delay detection, difficult to manage treatment
Term
Prevention tools, primary
Definition
education, changing lifestyle risk factors, regulation of environmental carcinogens, does not guarentee
Term
Warning signs cancer
Definition
CAUTION> CHANGE in bowel/bladder habits, A sore, UNUSUAL bleeding, THICKENING, INDIGESTION, OBvious change in wart, NAGGING cough
Term
ABC mole or melanoma
Definition
Asymmetry, Border, Color change, Diameter(>6mm)
Term
General Screening cancer
Definition
thyroid, testicles, prostate, ovaries, lymph nodes, oral regions and skin
Term
colon cancer screening
Definition
Finds polyps and cancer: Sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, barium enema, Stool DNA test.
Term
Blastoma
Definition
tumor originating from undifferentiated embryonic cell and having little or no connective tissue.
Term
cervical cancer screening
Definition
Pap smear to check for abnormal cells
Term
breast cancer screening
Definition
mammogram, clinical breast exam, know how breasts normally feel and report changes-self checks
Term
menstration effect on cancer
Definition
Estrogen is secreted during cycle and exposure to estrogen for a long time causes risk
Term
Nutrition cancer-primary
Definition
Prevention, initiation, promotion, progression, weight control, moderate calories, low fat (animal), limited red meat, high fiber, variety fruits and vegs, limit alcohol, avoid salted/cured foods fried.
Term
Antioxidente
Definition
help neutralize free radicals, Vit C, E and beta carotene, tomatoes, grapes red wine, green/black tea.
Term
Procarcinogen reducing phytonutriants
Definition
allyl sulfides-garlic onions and chives. Sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables.
Term
Phytoestrogens
Definition
protective against breast and prostate cancers: isoflavin are weak estrogens that bind with estrogen receptors. Soy products and cruciferous vegetables
Term
Life style effect on cancer
Definition
Fighting spirit, marriage, optimism, social support, stress level, helplessness, non-expression of emotion, depression
Term
Standard therapy cancer
Definition
surgery, chemo, radiation, biologic response modifiers, hematopoietic stem cell transplant. watchful waiting
Term
Immune system
Definition
major function is to distinguish self from non-self. Cell mediated: thymus T cells in lymph. Humoral: bone marrow B-cells in lymph antibodies Ig.
Term
Psychoneuroimmunology
Definition
interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body
Term
Biologic response modifiers
Definition
cytokines are regulatory proteins that stimulate the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as well as phagocytic cell activation. Malaise is SE
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