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exam 2 psych 414
Some (not all) psych 414 exam 2 info
30
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
10/25/2012

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Term
epigenetics
Definition
study of Heritable changes in gene expression or phenotype caused by the ENVIRONMENT
Term
methylation
Definition
mechanism in which methyl groups bind onto cytosine and therefore PREVENT TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS FROM TURNING ON GENE EXPRESSION; influenced by environment (diet sun pollutants hormones)
Term
serotonin
Definition
assoc/ mood, unger, sleep arousal.
malfunction: depression
Term
acetylcholine
Definition
muscle action, learning, memory
malfunction: alzheimer's
Term
dopamine
Definition
movement, learning, attention, emotion
malfunction: schizophrenia, parkinson's
Term
norepinephrine
Definition
alertness and arousal
malfunction: depressed mood
Term
GABA
Definition
inhibitory neurotransmitter
malfunction: seizures, tremors, insomnia
Term
glutamate
Definition
excitatory neurotransmitter
malfunction: migraines, seizures
Term
brainstem
Definition
includes:
medulla-heartbeat and breathing
thalamus-info from senses (first round)
Term
cerebellum
Definition
coordinates movement/balance
Term
parietal lobe
Definition
sensory cortex
Term
frontal lobe
Definition
speaking, muscle movement, plans, judgments
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
auiditory
Term
cerebrum includes:
Definition
basal ganglia-initiation of movements and balance. reward and reinforcement, addictive behaviors
limbic system includes: hippocampus, amygdala,hypothalamus
Term
hippocampus
Definition
memory
Term
amygdala
Definition
aggression, fear, social behavior, recognizing emotional facial expressions
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
regulate thirst, hunger, body temp, influences experience of pleasure and rewards
Term
Broca's area
Definition
language expression; directs muscle movement involved in speech.
case study: could barely talk
Term
Wernicke's area
Definition
controls language reception and comprehension. does NOT affect muscles
case study: implicit memory in tact, must speak slow to her, can't understand or get right words out
Term
endocrine system
Definition
set of glands that secrete hormones into blooodstream
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
regulates growth
Term
phineas gage
Definition
left frontal lobe destroyed - diff planning, personality, judgment, inhibition, executive funciton
Term
H.M.
Definition
removed hippocampus. consequence is anterograde amnesia (cannot form new memories)
Term
S.M.
Definition
urbach-wiethe disease, lesions to amygdala. result: no fear to scary stimuli/events
Term
tara fall
Definition
prosopagnosia - cant recognize faces
fusiformgyrus-part of brain affected
Term
EEG
Definition
records electrical activity along scalp
high temporal resolution
low spatial resolution (part of brain)
inexpensive
used for epilepsy
Term
PET
Definition
nuclear imaging produces 3d image of functional processes in body
invasive-radioactive material acts as tracer to go through vein and into body
shows how your organs/tissues working
good for tracking post seizures and cancer
Term
MRI
Definition
fMRI measures signal changes in brain due to changes in neural activity
low temporal resolution
high sptatial resolution
Term
the social brain
Definition
1. orbitofrontal cortex-more rat uses this part of brain, more it develops
2. mid-brain and lower forebrain - motivation to engage in social behaviors
3. cortex: learning memory-fine tunes play fighting from experience
Term
orbitofrontal cortex
Definition
executive functions (inhibition, initiate movement, planning)
rats with damage to OFC and those deprived of physical play demonstrate similar social deficits
both fail to learn from social experiences and modify behaviors
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