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Exam 2 Material
Ch 4 - 7
57
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
10/28/2014

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Term
Chemical Bonds
Definition
the attractive force that holds two atoms together
in a more complex unit.
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
a chemical bond formed through the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another atom or group of atoms
Term
Ionic Compound
Definition
a compound in which ionic bonds are present
Term
Covalent bond
Definition
is a chemical bond formed through the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms
Term
Covalent compound
Definition
A molecular compound is a compound in which covalent bonds are present.
Term
Valence Electrons
Definition
is an electron in the outermost electron shell of a representative element or noble-gas element.
Participates in bonding.
Term
Lewis electron dot symbol
Definition
The chemical symbol of an element surrounded
by dots equal in number to the number of valence electrons present in atoms of the
element.
Term
Group number
Definition
an identifier used to describe the column of the standard periodic table in which the element appears.

Example:

Group 1: alkali metals
Group 2: alkaline earth metals
Group 17: halogens
Group 18: noble gases
Term
Outermost electron shell
Definition
The valence electron shell
where bonding takes place
Term
Cation
Definition
Positive Ion
Term
Anion
Definition
Negative Ion
Term
Octet Rule
Definition
In forming compounds, atoms of elements lose, gain, or share electrons in such a way as to produce a noble-gas electron configuration for each of the atoms involved
Term
isoelectronic series
Definition
a group of atoms/ions that have the same number of electrons. Examples. N3-, O2-, F-
Term
ionic charge
Definition
the electrical charge of an ion
Term
binary ionic
Definition
is an ionic compound in which one element present is a
metal and the other element present is a nonmetal. The metal is always present as the
positive ion, and the nonmetal is always present as the negative ion.
Term
ternary ionic compounds
Definition
consists of three compounds usually an element (i.e. metal) and a polyatomic ion.
e.g. of ploy atomic ion Nitrate (NO3), Chlorate(ClO3), Chloric (ClO4), Sulphate (SO4)
Term
Chemical formula MxNy
Definition
?
Term
Polyatomic Ions
Definition
A polyatomic ion is a molecule made up of 2 or more atoms that bears ionic groups, that is, a molecule with a charge.
Term
How many bonds can O form?
Definition
2 bonds
Term
How many bonds can H form?
Definition
1 bond
Term
Dipoles
Definition
intermolecular force that occurs between polar
molecules.
Term
lone pair of electrons
Definition
a lone pair is a valence electron pair which is not shared with another atom and is sometimes called a non-bonding pair.
Term
VSEPR Theory
Definition
a lone pair is a valence electron pair which is not shared with another atom and is sometimes called a non-bonding pair.
Term
Ab4
Definition
tetrahydral
Term
AB3E
Definition
Pyramidal
Term
Ab2
Definition
linear
Term
AB2E2
Definition
angular or bent
Term
AB3
Definition
trigonal planar
Term
Single Bonds

Double Bonds

Triple Bonds
Definition
bond with one pair of electrons
bond with 2
bond with 3
Term
sigma σ and pi π bonds
Definition
.A sigma bond is just a single bond.

2.When you have a double bond, you have 1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond.

A pi bond is any bond formed after the single bond is formed
Term
mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octa
nona
deca
Definition
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Term
CO
Definition
Carbon monoxide
Term
CO2
Definition
Carbon dioxide
Term
hybridization
Definition
the idea that atomic orbitals fuse to form newly hybridized orbitals, which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties.
Term
Sp3
Definition
Tetrahydral
109.5
Term
Sp2
Definition
trigonal planar
120
Term
sp
Definition
linear
180
Term
molecular geometry
Definition
shape of a molecule
Term
Electronegativity x
Definition
hat describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself
Term
Boyle’s law
Definition
PV = cnst
Term
ideal gas law
Definition
Pv = nRT
Term
R
Definition
Ideal gas constant
Term
amu
Definition
1.6606 x 10 ^ -24
Term
charles law
Definition
V/T=cnst
Term
Dalton's law
Definition
Pt=Pa+Pb+Pc
Term
pressure
Definition
force/area
Term
1 atm
Definition
760 mm HG = 760 torr
Term
R
Definition
0.08205 (L atm)/(k mol)
Term
Avogrado's hypothesis
Definition
V/n=cnst
Term
endothermic
Definition
a process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings in the form of heat
Term
endergonic
Definition
the total amount of energy is a loss (it takes more energy to start the reaction than what you get out of it)
Term
thermal expansion
Definition
change in dimensions of a material resulting from a change in temperature.
Term
exogonic
Definition
an action or object coming from within a system
Term
kinetic molecular theory
Definition
experimental observations about gas
Term
exothermic
Definition
a chemical or physical reaction that releases heat
Term
vapor pressure
Definition
pressure of a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases in a closed container.
Term
compressibility
Definition
a measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change.
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