Term
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Definition
| an active system that receives information from the senses, puts that information into a usable form, and organizes it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage |
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Definition
| holding onto information for some period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used |
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Term
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Definition
| the very first stage of memory, the point at wihch information enters the nervous system through the sensory system |
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Term
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Definition
| visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to access a visual memory for 30 seconds or more |
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Term
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Definition
| the brief memory of something a person has just heard. |
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Term
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Definition
| the memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used. |
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Term
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Definition
| an active system that processes the information in short-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional association for the person remembering it. |
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Term
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Definition
| learning material a 2nd time, usually takes less time than original learning |
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Term
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Definition
| spacing the study of material to be remembered by including breaks between study periods. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memory due to the passage of time, during which the memory trace is not used. |
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Term
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Definition
| physical change in the brain that occurs when a memory is formed. |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for decay, assuming that memories that are not used will eventually decay and disappear. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backwards, or loss of memory for the past. |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to retrieve memories from much before the age of 3. |
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Term
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Definition
loss of memories from the point of injury of illness forward.
Ex. 50 First Dates |
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Term
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Definition
| mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating information to others. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behaviors in new ways. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems. |
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Term
| artificial intelligence (AI) |
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Definition
| the creation of a machine that can think like a human. |
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Term
| triarchic theory of intelligence |
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Definition
| Sternberg's theory that there are three kinds of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis for problem solving. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful. |
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Term
| intelligence quotient (IQ) |
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Definition
| a number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one's mental age by one's chronological age and then multiplying the quotient by 100. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people. |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which a test actually measures what it's supposed to measure. |
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Term
| Gardner's multiple intelligences |
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Definition
| overall intelligence comprises nine different types. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which a person's behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age. A more acceptable term for mental retardation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above. |
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Term
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Definition
| the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self motivate, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled. |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception until death. |
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Term
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Definition
| research design in which one participant or group of participants is studied over a long period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| research design in which serveral different age-groups of participants are studied at one particiular point in time. |
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Term
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Definition
| research design in which participants are first studied by means of cross-sectional design but are also followed and assessed for a period of no more than six years. |
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Term
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Definition
| the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physocal growth, intellectual growth and social interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
development governed by automatic predetermined genetic signals.
Ex. puberty- a life long process |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of inherited traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| first two weeks after fertilization, during which the zygote moves down into the uterus and begins to implant the lining. |
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Term
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Definition
| cell resulting from the uniting of the ovum and sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
| name for the developing organism from two weeks to eight weeks after fertilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| the period from two to eight weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop. |
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Term
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Definition
| times during which certain environmental influences can have an impact on the development of the infant. |
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Term
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Definition
| any factor that can cause a birth defect. |
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Term
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Definition
| the development of thinking, problem solving, and memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mental concept formed through experiences with objects and events. |
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Term
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Definition
a monocular clue, the brain's use of information about the changing thickness of the lens of the eye in response to looking at objects that are close or far away.
confusion = learning |
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Term
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Definition
| the knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight. |
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Term
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Definition
| the behavioral characteristics that are fairly well established at birth, such as easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. |
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Term
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Definition
the emotional bond between an infant and the primary caregiver.
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Term
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Definition
| the behavior associated with being male or female. |
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Term
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Definition
belief that inanimate objects have human like qualities
Ex. Toy Story |
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Term
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Definition
| type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe themselves to be unique and protected from harm |
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Term
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Definition
| type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe that other people are just as concerned about the adolescent's thoughts and characteristics as they themselves are. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cessation of ovulation and menstrual cycles and the end of a women's reproductive capability. |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual changes in the sexual hormones and reproductive system of middle-aged males. |
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Term
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Definition
| an emotional and psychological closeness that is based on the ability to trust, share, and care while still maintaining a sense of self. |
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Term
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Definition
| style of parenting in while parent makes few, if any demands on a child's behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| permissive parenting in which parents are uninvolved with child or child's behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| permissive parenting in which parents are so involved that children are allowed to behave without set limits. |
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Term
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Definition
| style of parenting in which parents combine warmth and affection with firm limits on a child's behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| style of parenting in which parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child. |
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Term
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Definition
| common concern only for oneself in teens |
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Term
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Definition
| Gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration throughout ... the second stage in development |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in adulthood that are related to disease, lifestyle and other environmentally induced changes not considered inevitable. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological need or wants are met. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that still exist in both people and animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state. |
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Term
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Definition
| someone who needs more arousal than the average person. |
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Term
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Definition
| things that attract or lure people into action. |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential. |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Maslow, times in a person's life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved. |
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Term
| social components of hunger |
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Definition
| people eating when they are not hungry; social cues that tell people to eat such as the convention of eating breakfast, lunch and dinner. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which the body weight of a person is 20 percent or more over the ideal body weight for that person's height. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below the ideal body weight or more occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a person develops a cycle of binging in one sitting and purging. |
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Term
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Definition
| the "feeling" aspect of consciousness characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings. |
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Term
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Definition
| learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a person who possesses ambiguous sexual organs, making it difficult to determine actual sex from a visual inspection at birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| the psychological aspects of being male or female. |
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Term
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Definition
| the culture's expectations for masculine or feminine behavior, including attitudes, actions, and personality traits associated with being male or female in that culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of acquiring gender role characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| the individual's sense of being male or female. |
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Term
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Definition
| theory of gender identity acquisition in which a child develops a mental pattern or schema, for being male or female and then organizes observed and learned behavior around that schema. |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic of possessing the most positive personality characteristics of males and females regardless of actual sex. |
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Term
| social and personality differences |
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Definition
boys are taught to be strong and manly
girls are encouraged to form emotional attachments and be open about their feelings with others. |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that is unacceptable according to societal norms and expectations. |
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Term
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Definition
| a person's sexual attraction and affection for the members of either the opposite or the same sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| person attracted to the opposite sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| person attracted to the same sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| person attracted to both men and women. |
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Term
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Definition
| a problem in sexual functioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sexual disorder in which the person's preferred method of sexual arousal and fulfillment is through sexual behavior that is unusual or socially unacceptable. |
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Term
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Definition
| deriving sexual arousal and pleasure from touching or having sexual relations with prepubescent (nonsexually mature) children or fantasizing about such contact. |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who has recurring sexual thoughts, fantasies, or engages in sexual actions toward prepubescent (nonsexually mature) children. |
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Term
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Definition
| deriving sexual arousal and pleasure from dressing in the clothing of the opposite sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| area of psychology focusing on how physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships affect overall health and rate of illnesses. |
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Term
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Definition
| the term used to describe the physical, emotion, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging. |
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Term
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Definition
| the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors. |
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Term
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Definition
| the effect of positive events or the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being. |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor , with symptoms of anxiety, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting for more than one month. |
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Term
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Definition
| the daily annoyances of everyday life. |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which emotional reactions and behavioral responses are shifted to targets that are more available or less threatening than the original target. |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that responds to attacks from diseases, infections, and injuries. |
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Term
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Definition
| state of exhaustion due to high stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger as well as being easily annoyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| person who is relaxed and laid-back, less driven and competitive than Type A, and slow to anger. |
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Term
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Definition
| pleasant but repressed person, who tends to internalize his or her anger and anxiety and who finds expressing emotions difficult. |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who seems to thrive on stress but lacks the anger and hostility of the Type A personality. |
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Term
| psychological defense mechanism |
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Definition
| unconscious distortions of a person's perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feelings. |
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Term
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Definition
| redirecting feelings from threatening target to a less threatening one. |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which a person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior. |
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