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exam 2: chapter 5 terms
exam 2/ chapter 5 terms/ psychology/ lsu/ psyc 2000/ noacklesage
48
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/26/2014

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Term
AIM
Definition
activation information mode model: revived version of the activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams
Term
activation-synthesis hypothesis
Definition
premise that sates that dreams are created by the higher centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep periods
Term
adaptive theory
Definition
theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active
Term
alcohol
Definition
the chemical resulting from from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter
Term
alpha waves
Definition
brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep
Term
altered state of consciousness
Definition
state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness
Term
amphetamines
Definition
stimulants that are synthesized in laboratories rather than being found in nature
Term
benzodiazepines
Definition
drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress
Term
beta waves
Definition
smaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity
Term
caffeine
Definition
a mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, and several other plant-based substances
Term
circadian rhythm
Definition
a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period
Term
cocaine
Definition
a natural drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant
Term
consciousness
Definition
a person's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given time
Term
delta waves
Definition
long, slow brain waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep
Term
depressants
Definition
drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system
Term
drug tolerance
Definition
the decrease of the response to a drug over repeated uses, leading to the need for higher doses of drug to achieve the same effect
Term
hallucinogenics
Definition
drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality
Term
heroin
Definition
narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive
Term
hypnosis
Definition
state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion
Term
insomnia
Definition
the inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep
Term
LSD
Definition
aka lysergic acid diethylamide: powerful synthetic hallucinogen
Term
marijuana
Definition
derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant
Term
MDMA
Definition
aka ecstasy or X: designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects
Term
microsleeps
Definition
brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds
Term
morphine
Definition
narcotic drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain
Term
narcolepsy
Definition
sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning
Term
nicotine
Definition
the active ingredient in tobacco
Term
nightmares
Definition
bad dreams occurring during REM sleep
Term
night terrors
Definition
relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully
Term
non-REM (NREM) sleep
Definition
any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM.
Term
opium
Definition
substance derived from the opium poppy from which all narcotic drugs are derived
Term
PCP
Definition
synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects
Term
physical dependence
Definition
condition occurring when a person's body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug
Term
psychoactive drugs
Definition
chemical substances that alter thinking, perception, and memory
Term
psychological dependence
Definition
the feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being
Term
REM sleep
Definition
the stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream
Term
REM behavior disorder
Definition
a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares
Term
REM rebound
Definition
increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights
Term
restorative theory
Definition
theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage
Term
sleep apnea
Definition
disorder in which the person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more
Term
sleep deprivation
Definition
any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability
Term
sleep paralysis
Definition
the inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep
Term
sleepwalking
Definition
aka somnambulism: occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one's sleep
Term
stimulants
Definition
drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system
Term
stimulatory hallucinogens
Definition
drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects
Term
theta waves
Definition
brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep
Term
waking consciousness
Definition
state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert
Term
withdrawal
Definition
physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems
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