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Exam 2: Chapter 5
Cardiovascular System
92
Nursing
Professional
08/14/2013

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Term
Right atrium
Definition
Upper chamber
Where deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart via the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
Term
Left atrium
Definition
Upper chamber
Where oxygenated blood returns via pulmonary veins
Term
Right ventricle
Definition
Lower chamber
Term
Left ventricle
Definition
Lower chamber
Term
Anastomosis
Definition
Opening; Joining of two blood vessels to allow flow from one to another
Term
Aneurysm
Definition
A widening; A bulging of the wall of the heart, aorta, or artery caused by a congenital defect or acquired weakness
Term
Angi/o
Vas/o
Vascul/o
Definition
vessel
Term
Angioplasty
Definition
vascular endoscopy; use of a flexible fiberoptic angioscope (accompanied by an irrigation system, camera, video recorder, and monitor) that is guided through a specific blood vessel to visually assess a lesion and to select the mode of therapy
Term
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
Definition
a method for treating the narrowing of a coronary artery by inserting a specialized catheter with a balloon attachment, then inflating the balloon to dilate and open the narrowed portion of the vessel and restore blood flow to the myocardium; most often includes the placement of a stent
Term
Antianginals
Definition
drug that dilated coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the tissues to relieve the pain of angina pectoris
Term
Aortic valve
Definition
heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
Term
Aort/o
Definition
aorta
Term
Arrhythmia
Definition
dysrhythmia; any several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
Term
Arteries
Definition
vessels that carry blood from the heart to the arterioles
ARTERIES AWAY FROM HEART
Term
Arteri/o
Definition
artery
Term
Arterioles
Definition
small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of arterial walls
Term
Atheromatous plaque
Definition
a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat (lipids)
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the buildup of fatty substances that harden within the walls of arteries
Term
Atri/o
Definition
atrium
Term
Benign
Definition
mild or noncancerous
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
slow heart rate; less than 60 bpm
Term
Capillaries
Definition
tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules
Term
Cardiac tamponade
Definition
compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart
Term
Cardi/o
Definition
heart
Term
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol)
Term
Cardiotonic
Definition
drug that increases the force of myocardial contractions in the heart; commonly used to treat congestive heart failure (CHF)
Term
Claudication
Definition
to limp; pain in the limb (especially the calf) while walking that subsides after rest; caused by inadequate blood supply (often associated with cardiovascular disease)
Term
Coarctation of the aorta
Definition
narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body
Term
Congenital anomaly of the heart
Definition
malformations of the heart that are present at birth
Term
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Definition
failure of the left ventricle to pump and adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a “bottleneck” of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body
Term
Cor pulmonale
Definition
right ventricular failure; enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs
Term
Coronary angiogram
Definition
x-ray image of the blood vessels of the heart using a catheter to inject contrast
Term
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Definition
grafting a portion of blood vessels retrieved from another part of the body (ex: a length of saphenous vein from the leg or mammary artery from the chest wall) to bypass an occluded coronary artery, restoring circulation to myocardial tissue; the traditional method includes temporary arrest of the heart with circulation (bypass) of the pt’s blood thought a heart-lung machine during the procedure; an alternative, off-pump approach uses a stabilizer to perform the procedure on the beating heart
Term
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Definition
a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis
Term
Coronary circulation
Definition
circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue
Term
Coron/o
Definition
circle or crown
Term
Deoxygenated blood
Definition
from the body enters the heart through the superior vena cava and interior vena cava into the right atrium
Term
Diaphoresis
Definition
profuse sweating (perspiration)
Term
Diastole
Definition
to expand; period during the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria
Term
Dissecting aneurysm
Definition
a split or tear of the vessel wall
Term
Doppler sonography
Definition
ultrasound technique used to evaluate blood flow to determine the presence of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or carotid insufficiency, or to determine flow through the heart, chambers, valves, and so on
Term
Echocardiography (Echo)
Definition
recording of sound waves through the heart to evaluate structure and motion
Term
-ectomy
Definition
excision or removal
Term
Embolus
Definition
a clot (ex air, fat, or a foreign object) carried in the bloodstream that obstructs the flow of blood when it lodges
Term
Endocardium
Definition
membrane lining of the cavities of the heart
Term
Epicardium
Definition
membrane forming the outer layer of the heart
Term
Erythr/o
Definition
red
Term
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Definition
timed test that measures rates at which red blood cells settle through a volume of plasma
Term
Essential hypertension
Definition
primary HTN; high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors
Term
-genesis
Definition
origin or production
Term
-gram
Definition
record
Term
Heart murmur
Definition
an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves
Term
Holter monitor test
Definition
portable electrocardiograph worn by the patient that monitors electrical activity of the heart over 24h; useful in detecting periodic abnormalities
Term
Hypertension (HTN)
Definition
persistent high blood pressure
Term
Infarct
Definition
to stuff; a localized area of necrosis (condition of tissue death) caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel
Term
Inferior vena cava
Definition
Where deoxygenated blood enters the heart from the body
Term
Ischemia
Definition
to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel
Term
-logy
Definition
study of
Term
Mitral valve
Definition
Bicuspid Valve; heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Term
Myelodysplasia
Definition
disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to different types of blood cells); usually develops into a specific type of leukemia
Term
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Definition
heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, and jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea; Emergency situation and give aspirin STAT
Term
Myocardium
Definition
heart muscle
Term
Normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
Definition
regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node (average rate of 60-100 bpm)
Term
Occlusion
Definition
plugging; an obstruction or a closing off
Term
-osis
Definition
condition or increase
Term
Patent ductus arterosus (PDA)
Definition
an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth
Term
Pector/o
Steth/o
Definition
chest
Term
Perfusion deficit
Definition
lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion
Term
Pericardium
Definition
protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between
Term
Ven/o
Phleb/o
Definition
Vein
Term
-plasty
Definition
surgical repair or reconstruction
Term
Primary hypertension
Definition
Essential hypertension; high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors
Term
Pulmonary circulation
Definition
circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein,providing for the exchanges of gases
Term
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Definition
heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
Term
Pulmonary vein
Definition
returns oxygenated blood to the heart into the left atrium
Term
Rheumatic heart disease
Definition
damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection)
Term
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Definition
“the pacemaker”; highly specialized, neurological tissue impeded in the wall of the right atrium; responsible for initiating electrical condition of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node
Term
Stenosis
Definition
condition of narrowing of a part
Term
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)
Definition
the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output (CO), most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately
Term
Systemic circulation
Definition
circulation of blood throughout the body via arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
Term
Systole
Definition
to contrast; period during the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and the pulmonary artery
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
fast heart rate; more than100 bpm
Term
Thromb/o
Definition
clot
Term
Thrombus
Definition
a stationary blood clot
Term
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Definition
formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins
Term
-tomy
Definition
incision
Term
Tricuspid valve
Definition
valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Term
Valvuloplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a defective heart valve
Term
Vegetation
Definition
to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally as a result of infection
Term
Veins
Definition
vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules
VEINS TO THE HEART
Term
Venules
Definition
small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
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