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Music 1200 Exam 2: Baroque & Classical Music
Mozart, Bach, Haydn, Beethoven, etc.
101
Music
Undergraduate 1
10/29/2013

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Term
What period was Baroque music?
Definition
1600-1750
Term
What did the baroque orchestra consist of?
Definition
Mainly strings, would add other instruments as needed
Term
What is unity of mood? And what period did it occur during?
Definition

Composers have a mood in mind for the piece

Ex. joyful

 

Term
What was melody and rhythm like during the baroque period?
Definition
Lots of regularity
Term
What is embellishment? And what period was it found in?
Definition

First time you play it the way that the composer wrote it.

Second time you add your own unique twists

Found in baroque

Term
What was tonality like in the baroque period?
Definition
Composers started using major and minor keys.
Term
What was the texture mainly like in the baroque period?
Definition
Polyphonic and Homophonic
Term
What was the basso continuo? And when was it used?
Definition
Accompaniment style written in bass line. Used in baroque period.
Term
What instrument played the basso continuo?
Definition
harpsichord or basson
Term
What was the basso continuo written in?
Definition
Figured bass
Term
What was the concerto grosso? What time period?
Definition
Written for baroque orchestra. Tutti and soloists.
Term
How many mvmts and what were the tempo's in a concerto grosso??
Definition
Usually 3. (first fast: vigorous and determined, second slow: lyrical and intimate, third fast: lively/carefree, dancelike)
Term
What is the main melodic theme in a fugue called?
Definition
The subject
Term
Who was the master of the fugue?
Definition
JS Bach
Term
What time period were fugues very important in?
Definition
Baroque
Term
What key is the subject of a fugue written in? What texture is a fugue presented in?
Definition
It is written in the tonic key, presented monophonically
Term
What follows the subject in a fugue?
Definition
The answer
Term
What is the answer of a fugue transposed to?
Definition
The dominant or 5th degree of a key
Term
How many types of answers are there in a fugue?
Definition
There are 2!
Term
What are countersubjects?
Definition
They're in fugues. Considered this if they keep appearing with other presentations of the subject.
Term
What is the episode part of a fugue?
Definition
Parts of the fugue where the subject isn't present or it is present but not fully.
Term
What are voices in a fugue?
Definition
Different melodic lines that imitate the subject
Term
How many voices does a fugue usually encompass?
Definition
3, 4, or 5 voices
Term
What is stretto in a fugue?
Definition
It is where a subject is imitated before it is completed, one voice tries to catch the other.
Term
What is pedal point?
Definition
In a fugue where a single tone is held while other voices produce a series of changing harmonies against it.
Term
What is augmentation?
Definition
Where original time values are lengthened. fugue
Term
What is diminution?
Definition
Where the subject appears with shortened time values. fugue
Term
What is retrograde?
Definition
Where the subject is presented beginning with the last note of the subject and proceeding backward to the first.
Term
Where did opera begin and what group began opera?
Definition
In Italy by the Camerata
Term
What was a major development in secular vocal music during the baroque period known as?
Definition
Opera
Term
Sample of all music/themes in opera played at the beginning?
Definition
Overture
Term
Line song by soloist, tries to imitate speech, used to progress the plot?
Definition
Recitative
Term
Most interesting part of the plot, big emotional solo in opera?
Definition
Aria
Term
Group of soloists singing together in an opera?
Definition
Ensemble
Term
It is composed of many voices, it is used to comment on the action of the story
Definition
Chorus
Term
Gives lines to those who forget them
Definition
Prompter
Term
Plays the music for the opera
Definition
Orchestra
Term
During the baroque period, what were operas based on?
Definition
Very serious, based largely on Greek mythology!
Term
What is the earliest opera that has been preserved?
Definition
Euridice
Term
Monteverdi, what is he known for?
Definition
Known for 12 operas, 3 survive today
Term
What was Monteverdi's first opera?
Definition
Orfeo (story of orpheus who was a great Greek musician)
Term
Who was the librettist/dramatist?
Definition
Wrote the libretto (plot and text) that will be sung during the opera
Term
Makes the actual music sung in opera
Definition
Composer
Term
Men castrated before puberty, soprano voice range but maintained male power, highest paid in the opera
Definition
Castrato
Term
Finish aria, go back to the beginning and sing again. This left room for embellishment, ABA
Definition
Da Capo Aria
Term
Who was considered the greatest British composer ever? Buried under the organ at Westminster Abbey?
Definition
Henry Purcell
Term
Who wrote Dito Amaus?
Definition
Henry Purcell
Term
A form of accompianment that consists of one melodic line that is repeated over and over again
Definition
Ground Bass/Basso Ostinato
Term
An instrumental work that is usually a solo instrument or a few instruments with accompianment. It has movments
Definition
Sonata
Term
Usually 3 melodic lines and basso continuo
Definition
Trio Sonata
Term
Sonatas for the Church
Definition
Sonata da chiesa
Term
Sonatas for regular performances or functions
Definition
Sonata de camera
Term
From Venice, Italy. Taught at a girls school called Pieta. Most of his pieces were written for students. Violin Virtuoso
Definition
Antonio Vivaldi
Term
A marked contrast between soft and loud, what kind of dynamics were these known as?
Definition
Terrace dynamics, found in baroque music
Term
One of the greatest composers of the baroque period, was the organist and musical director at St. Thomas church in Leipzig
Definition
J.S. Bach
Term
Great organist and improvisor, very prominant in the baroque period
Definition
J.S. Bach
Term
Who wrote baroque music in every style except for the opera?
Definition
J.S. Bach
Term
What type of music was found in the baroque period that involves dance themes but wasn't actually written for dancing? It has multiple mvmts, including a French Overture that has 2 parts. Includes dotted rhythms
Definition
Suites
Term
What baroque composer was known for writing a lot of church music, mainly cantatas and chorales?
Definition
J.S. Bach
Term
A type of church music including biblical text that included different vocalists, chorus, organ, or smaller orchestras, and that were longer works?
Definition
Cantata
Term
What type of church music begins on a big chorus and ends on a big chorus?
Definition
Cantata
Term
German composer who was a great organist that composed operas in Italy, spent many years in England and wrote many oratorios?
Definition
Handel
Term
A piece of music written based off of a biblical text that closely resembles an opera but has no costumes, acting, etc. Usually set to a narrative text?
Definition
Oratorio
Term
What composer was considered the master of oratorios?
Definition
Handel
Term
What time period did the Classical Period of music occur?
Definition
1750-1820
Term
What composers sons were instrumental in transitioning between the baroque and classical periods?
Definition
J.S. Bach's sons
Term
What type of music is characterized by change of mood/contrast of mood?
Definition
Classical
Term
This type of music has a wide variety of rhythms
Definition
Classical
Term
What texture was classical music mainly?
Definition
Homophonic
Term
What accompianment style was eventually abandoned in the classical period?
Definition
Basso Continuo
Term
This period had gradual crescendos and gradual decresendos
Definition
Classical
Term
What was the main type of accompianment in the classical period?
Definition
The forte piano, predecessor to the grand piano
Term
What did the classical orchestra consist of??
Definition

Strings (1st, 2nd violins, violas, cellos, double basses)

Woodwinds (2 flute, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons)

Brass: (2 french horns, 2 trumpets)

Percussion (2 timpani)

Term
A type of musical composition very important in the classical period. A 4 part work that is usually 30 minutes to an hour in duration?
Definition
The symphony
Term
What form is the first movement of a symphony in and what tempo is it usually at?
Definition
Sonata form, allegro
Term
What are the different parts of sonata form?
Definition

The exposition (first theme, transition, second theme closing, repeat)

The development

The recapitulation (first theme, transition, second theme, closing)

The coda (in tonic key)

Term
What is a common second movment of a symphony, and what tempo is it at?
Definition
Theme and variations, adagio/andante
Term
What is a common third movement of a symphony, and what is it's tempo?
Definition
Dance movement, minuet & trio/scherzo
Term
What is the fourth movement in a symphony known as and what tempo is it usually played at?
Definition
Rondo/Allegro
Term
A basic musical idea in which the theme is repeated over and over but is changed each time?
Definition
Theme and variations
Term
Written in triple meter, usually moderate tempo, ABA form, originated as a dance but its now more commonly used as the 3rd part of a symphony!
Definition
Minuet/Trio
Term

A tuneful main theme which returns several times in alternation with other themes ex. ABABA, ABACABA, etc.

Always starts and ends on the same melody

Definition
Rondo/Allegro
Term
A type of composition consisting of 3 movements, very important in classical music. Written for solo instrumentalist and orchestra. First mvmt is in double sonata form.
Definition
Concerto
Term
End of orchestra part is marked with a ____ before a cadenza?
Definition
Fermata
Term
When a soloist performs a solo unaccompanied at the end of a concerto?
Definition
Cadenza
Term
Has a double exposition, orchestra plays the first one and then the soloist comes in and plays the second one.
Definition
Concerto
Term
A lot more simple than concertos, played mainly for performers enjoyment
Definition
Chamber music
Term
Most popular instruments for chamber music?
Definition
String quartet; 2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello
Term
What composer started as a choir boy and taught himself to compose?
Definition
Haydn
Term
What composer got the attention of The Duke of Esterhazy and eventually worked for him as a musical servant?
Definition
Haydn
Term
What composer was the master of the theme?
Definition
Haydn
Term
How many symphonies did haydn compose?
Definition
104
Term
What composer died before his 36th birthday of rheumatic fever?
Definition
W.A. Mozart
Term
Which composer was a child prodigy at keyboard and was composing before age 8?
Definition
W.A. Mozart
Term
Which composer was truly the first freelance composer and gave benefit concerts?
Definition
W.A. Mozart
Term
Which composer wrote Don Giovani, marriage of Fiagro, Magic flute?
Definition
W.A. Mozart
Term
What were operas like in the classical period?
Definition
They transitioned into more of a comedic role
Term
Which composer drove music into the Romantic period?
Definition
Beethoven
Term
Which composer learned from both Mozart and Haydn?
Definition
Beethoven
Term
Which composer was deaf and conducted and composed even after losing his hearing?
Definition
Beethoven
Term
How many symphonies did Beethoven compose and which ones are his most famous?
Definition
9; 3/5/9
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