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Exam 2
Equine Anesthesia
26
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
04/04/2016

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Term
What are the cons of equine preanesthetic fasting?
Definition
> 4h: inc viscosity of GI contents, can lead to enhanced risk of fluid aspiration
-can stress individual horses: dec GI motility and potentiate GI ulceration
-negative energy balance
Term
What are the pros of equine preanesthetic fasting?
Definition
-less material in the GI tract: less pressure on the major vessels, less displacement of the diaphragm
-dec gas pdn
Term
How long do we food-fast a horse?
Definition
-8-12 h
Term
What are the critical time periods of horse anesthesia?
Definition
-before loss of consciousness
-just after regaining consciousness
Term
What are some preanesthetic considerations for horses?
Definition
-sedative
-physical restraint: size, temperament, personal, duration of procedure, type of procedure
Term
How do we sedate a horse for anesthesia? What drugs do we use?
Definition
-catheterization
-Acepromazine, Xylazine, Detomidine, Romifidine
Term
Which types of horses need higher sedation doses?
Definition
-yearlings, thoroughbreds, and arabians
Term
What is the major consideration for equine preanesthetic sedation whan administered IM?
Definition
-can take up to 30 mins to work
Term
What are some concerns with opioid use for equine preanesthetic sedation?
Definition
-MAC is not consistently decreased and can cause respiratory depression
Term
What do we use for equine induction?
Definition
-Ketamine
Term
What are our two common agents for equine co-induction with Ketamine?
Definition
-Benzodiaepine and Gauifenesin
Term
What are some examples of combo regimens for equine induction?
Definition
-Alpha-2 + ketamine + benzodiazepam
Term
If you have what 3 signs after ketamine induction should you give more drug?
Definition
-rapid nystagmus
-limb movements
-muscle tremors
Term
Which 2 induction agents have limited use in horses due to large volume of drug?
Definition
-Propofol
-Alfaxalone
Term
What do we use for equine mainenance?
Definition
-lidocaine, ketmaine, alpha-2 agonist, +/- Benzodiazepam
Term
What is an example of an alpha-2 agonist used for equine maintenance? Describe its effects.
Definition
-Detomidine
-reliable sedation, analgesia, MAC reduction, inc urine production
Term
What does Lidocaine do as a maintenance drug in horses?
Definition
-CV safe with low dose, decs MAC in dose dependent fashion
-admin low loading dose and give CRI
Term
Describe Ketamine as a maintenance drug in horses. Any concerns?
Definition
-loading dose is actual induction and admin CRI
-do not use for longer than 2 hrs and causes poor recoveries
Term
What are the issues with Benzodiazepines and Gaufenesin for equine meintenance?
Definition
-severe ataxia and prolonged recovery
Term
What do we use for field equine anesthesia?
Definition
-ketamine and alpha-2
-can add in GG and butorphanol
Term
What is the time constraint for Triple Drip for equine field anesthesia?
Definition
-use NO more than 90 mins
Term
What are the two major things to remember with equine monitoring?
Definition
-inhalants depress cardiac function
-need to be maintained as light as possible
Term
For equine monitoring, need to maintain MAP of >___ mmHg.
Definition
>70 mmHg
Term
What agents do we use to maintain BP in horses?
Definition
-Dobutamine
-low systemic vascular resistance: Ephedrine, norepinephrine, or phenylephrine
Term
Describe the parts of equine recovery.
Definition
-warm quiet environment
-foals: sometimes recover with mare
-allow for anesthetic drug elimination
-careful extubation, remove NG tube if present
-nasal phenylephrine
-upper airway obstruction can lead to pulmonary edema
-should lay for 30-45 mins
-ideal to have sternal phase
-should not be down for >60 mins
-may need addition sedation
-recovery assistance
Term
How do we assist in equine recovery?
Definition
-head and tail ropes
-water recovery
-water mattress recovery
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