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Exam 2
Rabies
30
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
03/24/2016

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are some of the reasons for veteirnary clinicians to interface with public health agencies?
Definition
-surveillance/disease respoting
-access lab testing
-occupational health concerns
-client health
-education/information on current events
Term
What agencies are involed with animal control and rabies?
Definition
-city animal control officers
-county health department
-clinical vets
-epidemiologists & laboratorians at State Health Dept
-Private physicians & health care providers
Term
What are some of the resources we have for rabies?
Definition
-Human Rabies Prevention
-Current Rabies Control Compendium
-Rabies Prevention in Oklahoma
Term
Is rabies enveloped or nonenveloped?
Definition
-enveloped
Term
Is rabies hardy in the environment?
Definition
-immediated inactivated when dry but its viability can be extended in frozen carcasses and tissues
Term
How is rabies transmitted?
Definition
-BITES
-nonbite exposures are rare: contamination of open skin wounds or mm with saliva, CCSF, or neural tissue, aerosilized in lab setting
-Human-to-human rare: corneal transplants, solid organ transplantation
Term
What are some examples of rabies non-exposures?
Definition
-animals haring food or water bowls
-touching wet bridles or fence posts
-saliva contact on intact skin
-cantact with blood only
-contact with milk, urine, or feces
-transmission within a herd
Term
Is a horse with rabies contagious?
Definition
-it has never happened before to a human or another horse
Term
Outline the pathogenesis of rabies.
Definition
-inoculation => region of the grlyoprotein attaches to plasma membrane of cells => virus multiplication in skeletal muscle cells near inoculation => entry into nervous system through unmyelinated sensory and motor terminals => virus spread to spinal cord by retrograde axoplasmic flow=> sympton of pain or parathesia => rapdi spread throughout CNS => symptoms of encephalopathy => virus spreads along peripheral nerves including to the salivary glands
Term
When are rabid domestic animals infectious with rabies?
Definition
-only during the time when we see symptoms of encephalitis
Term
How long is the infectious period of rabies?
Definition
-around 10 days
Term
What is the incubation period?
Definition
-time between exposure and development of clinical signs of disease
Term
What is the infectious period?
Definition
-length of time rabid animal is excreting virus in saliva and infectious to other animals or persons, typically concurrent with symtpoms or 1-3 days before symptoms at the end of the incubation period
Term
How do we diagnose rabies?
Definition
-direct FA test
Term
What samples do we send in for a FA test?
Definition
-refrigerated sections from medulla, cerebru, and hippocampus
Term
Are there areas of the US where there is no terrestrial animal rabies?
Definition
-yes
Term
What is the reservoir for rabies in OK?
Definition
-skunk
Term
Are most cases of rabies in people in the US due to bats or dogs?
Definition
-bats
Term
Describe rabies pre-expsosure prophylaxis.
Definition
-series of rabies vaccines
Term
Who do we give rabies pre-expsoure prophylais? What is its purpose?
Definition
-indicated for persons in high risk groups: vets, animal control officers, wildlife officers, spelunkers, traveers
-provides protection in event of unrecognized or inapparent exposure
Term
How do we admin rabies postexposure treatment to a person not previously vaccinated?
Definition
-give human rabies immunoe globulins at first visit and four doses of human rabies vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14
Term
How do we admin rabies postexposure treatment to a person previously accinated?
Definition
-no immuno globulins
-give 2 doses of human rabies vaccine 3 days apart
Term
Do all states have rabies vaccination laws for dogs and cats?
Definition
-No
Term
What are Oklahoma's rabies vaccination requirements?
Definition
-all dogs, cats, and ferrets must be vaccinated against rabies by the age of 4 months by or under the supervision of a licensed DVM, and receive yearly boosters or three year boosters `
Term
Which other species are rabies vaccines recommended for?
Definition
-horses
-show cattle or valuable breedig stock
-dairy cows
-sheep that are handled frequently
-wolf-dog hybrids
-zoological colelctions
Term
When I administer a puppy or kitten's first rabies vaccination when is the vaccine considered effective?
Definition
-28 days
Term
How do we respond to an animal exposed to a lab-confirmed rabid animal?
Definition
-if vaccinated, must be revaccinated within 5 days and confined under owner's supervision for 45 days
-if not vaccinated, must be euthanized or placed in quarantine at vet clinic for 6 months
Term
If an unvaccinated cat bits a person outside of the immediate family, does it have to be euthanized and tested for rabies?
Definition
-owned dogs, cats, and ferrets that vite a person and are healthy at the time of the bite, regardless of vaccination status, should be confined and observed for 10 days
Term
Do documented rabies vaccine failures exist?
Definition
-yees
Term
What are some of the factors of susceptibility?
Definition
-infecting viral strain
-genetic make-up of host
-dose
-degree of innervation of the site of the exposure
-proximity of virus entry to CNS
-concentration of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in skiletal muscle
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