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Exam 2
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34
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
10/07/2011

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Norms
Definition
The do's and don'ts of society
Term
deviance
Definition
nonconformity to a set of norms
Term
sanctions
Definition
reinforce social law
Term
Laws
Definition
norms defined an enforced by governments
Term
differential association
Definition
the concept that individuals become delinquent through associating with people who are carriers of criminal norms
Term
Rebels
Definition
reject values and work to replace them with new ones
Term
Retreatists
Definition
reject dominant values and means of achieving them
Term
Innovators
Definition
accept values but use illegitimate or illegal means to follow them
Term
Conformist
Definition
accept conventional means even if they are not successful
Term
Anoime
Definition
refers to feeling of anxiety and
disorientation that exists when no clear
standards exist to guide behavior in social life
Term
White collar crime
Definition
efers to crime of affluent
people
Term
Corporate Crime
Definition
describes offenses
committed by large corporations
Term
Organized Crime
Definition
Involves institutionalized form of criminal activity Many characteristics of organizations appear
orthodox, but activity is illegal
Term
Cybercrime
Definition
Criminal activity carried out with help of information
technology
Global reach of crime challenges law enforcement
Term
types of stratification
Definition
class, caste, slavery
Term
social Stratification
Definition
When individuals or groups occupy unequal positions in society based on socioeconomic factors
Term
Absolute Poverty
Definition
Cannot get enough to eat; undernourished, may starve to death. Common in poorer developing countries
Term
Relative Poverty
Definition
Being poor compared with standards of living of the majority; lacks resources to maintain decent housing and healthy living conditions
Term
Poverty line
Definition
as an income three times the cost of a nutritionally adequate diet
Term
Blame the victim
Definition
holds individuals responsible for their disadvantaged positions
Term
Blame the system
Definition
says factors in society shape the way resources are distributed
Term
Social Exclusion
Definition
refers to ways that individuals
may become cut off from wider society
Term
Global Inequlaity
Definition
refers to ways that individuals
may become cut off from wider society
Term
World Systems Theory
Definition
ountries engaging in diplomatic and economic relations with on another must be understood as a single unit.
Division of world into three unequal zones (core, peripheral, semi-peripheral) with wealthier zones exploiting poorer ones
Term
State Centered theories
Definition
Emphasize role of governments in fostering
economic development
Draw on experience of NIEs in East Asia
Term
Dependency Theories
Definition
Global poverty is result of exploitation of poor countries
by wealthy countries. (sweatshop labor, produce,
diamonds, etc...) Result of Colonialism
Economic fate of poor countries determined by wealthy
ones
Some development is still possible
Term
Neoliberalism
Definition
Free market and free trade are route to economic
growth for all countries
Term
Modernization Theory
Definition
Cultural and institutional barriers to development explain low-
income societies. That is, poor countries need to modernize their cultures
Term
Market oriented theories
Definition
if individuals are
free—from government constraint—to make their own economic decisions. Implementing the economies of high income countries, allows the high income countries to make investments (benefiting high income countries) in the poorer countries
Term
Sexism
Definition
the belief that innate psychological behavioral, and or intellectual differences exist between women and men and that these differences connote the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other.
Term
Discrimination
Definition
generally an intersection of different statuses. That is, stratification by race, class, and gender do not stand alone.
Term
Gender
Definition
refers to the social definitions and expectations associated with being female or male and should be distinguished from sex.
Term
Sex
Definition
refers to one’s biological classification
Term
Transgender
Definition
is not a sexual orientation, but rather a conflict with the gender category associated with the sex category. We tend to conflate the two, that is, one determines the other.
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