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Exam 2
Study key terms
42
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/19/2011

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Term
Memory
Definition
observations that are stored in a form that allos them to be retrived and used at a later time 
Term
Senory Representation 
Definition
information that is represented in one of the senses modalities 
Term
Verbal representations 
Definition
info. represented in words 
Term
sensory reegisters
Definition
memory systems that hold  info, for a brief period of time
Term
iconic storage 
Definition
a visual storage registration process by which people retain an afterimage of a visual stimulus 
Term
echoic storage 
Definition
an auditory sensory registration process by which people retain an echo or brief auditory representation of a sound to which they are exposed 
Term
rehearsal 
Definition
process of repeating or studying info. to retain it in the memory
Term
mainteanance rehearsal 
Definition
process of repeating info. over and over to maintain it momentarily in STM 
Term
elaborative rehearsal 
Definition
an aid to LTM storage that involves thinking about the meaning of info in order to process it more with depth
Term
LTM
Definition
memory of facts, images, thoughts, feelings, skills, and experiences that may last long as lifetime 
Term
retrieval 
Definition
process of bringing info from LTM into STM or working memory 
Term
serial position effect 
Definition
phenomenon that people are more likely to remember info that appers first and last than the middle of the list 
Term
working memory 
Definition
conscious "workspace" used for retrieving and manipulating info. maintained through rehearsal adn STM 
Term
chunking 
Definition
process of organizing info into small, meaningful bits to aid the memory 
Term
Declarative memory 
Definition
knowledge that can be consciously retrieved and declared 
Term
Semantic memory
Definition
general knowledge or facts 
Term
Episodic memory
Definition
memories of particular episodes or events from personal experience 
Term
prodecural memory 
Definition
knowledge of prodecures or skills that emerge when people engage in activites that require them 
Term
explicit memory 
Definition
conscious recollection of facts or events 
Term
implicit memory 
Definition
memory that can't be brought to mind consciously but can be expressed in behavior like tying a shoe lace 
Term
recall 
Definition
explicit recollection of material from LTM 
Term
tip of the tongue phenomenon 
Definition
the experience in which pople attempting but failing to recall info from memory know the info is in there but not quite able to retrieve it 
Term
recognition 
Definition
explicit knowledge of whether something currrently perceived has been previously encountered 
Term
primary effects 
Definition
phemenon in which the processing of specific information is facilitated by prior exposure to the same or similar information
Term
everyday memory 
Definition
memory as it occurs in daily life 
Term
retrospective memory 
Definition
memory for events that has already occured 
Term
prospective memory 
Definition
memory for the things that need to be done in the future 
Term
encoded 
Definition
refers information that in cast into a representaional form or code so that it can be readily accessed from memory 
Term
level of procesing 
Definition
the degree to which info. is elaborated reflected upon. or processed in a meaningful way during encoding of memory 
Term
encoding specificity principle 
Definition
the notion that the match between the way information encoded and the way it retrieved is important to remembering 
Term
retrieval cues 
Definition
stimuli or thoughts that can be used to stimulate retrieval 
Term
spacing effects 
Definition
superior LTM retention of information rehearsed in sessions spread out over longer intervals of time 
Term
mnemonic devices 
Definition
systematic strategies for remembering info. 
Term
method of Loci 
Definition
memory aid, or mnemonic device, in which images are remebered by fitting them into an orderly arrangment of locations 
Term
forgetting 
Definition
the inability to retrieve memories 
Term
flshbulb memories 
Definition
especially vivid memories of exciting or highly consequential events 
Term
decay theory 
Definition
notion that memories are lost as result of a fading of the memory trace 
Term
interference 
Definition
the intrusion of similar memories on one another 
Term
proactive interfererce 
Definition
a phenomenon in which old memories tha thave already been stored interfere with the retrieval of new info. 
Term
retroactive interference 
Definition
interderence of a new info. with the retrieval of old info 
Term
motivated forgetting 
Definition
forgetting for a reason,which leads to inhibition of retrieval 
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