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Exam 2
ch.7
21
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/19/2008

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Term
concepts
Definition
a mental catagory that groups objects, relations, activities, abstractions, or qualities having common properties
Term
prototype
Definition
typical example of what something is

which fruit more fruitlike?
apple or pineapple
Term
mental images
Definition
representation that mirrors or resembles the thing that it represents
Term
mindlessness, example of error from mindlessness
Definition
mental inflexibility for being implicit to things.

ex. lazy thinker
Term
formal reasoning
Definition
have info to solve problem, clear cut, only one answer
Term
informal reasoning
Definition
take multiple approach's to solution, not just one answer
Term
deductive reasoning
Definition
conclusions formed by what's coming from certain premises (observations or propositions). if premises are true conclusions will be true
Term
inductive reasoning
Definition
premise provides support for conclusion but conclusion could still be false.
specific>general
Term
when are people most likely to exaggerate the improbable?
Definition
ppl are more likely to exaggerate the liklihood of a rare event, fantastic, or horrible.
Term
confirmation bias
Definition
tend to listen more to facts or evidence that confirm what we already believe.

bad habits do not break even when given conflicting info
Term
functional fixedness
Definition
tendency to use familiar objects in familiar ways and unable to use them in creative ways.
Term
avioding loss, example?
Definition
everyone tries to minimize risks or losses when makeing a decision

ex:choosing a ticket that has a 10% chance of winning a raffle rather than a 90% chance of losing
Term
hindsight bias
Definition
overestimate your ability to have predicted an outcome, after the outcome has already happened.

ex:"i could have told you that mole was cancerous."
Term
major people that invented intelligence tests
Definition
alfred binet:developed set of tests to figure out where children were knowledgelly. how children worked out problems, tested kids with diff ages.
Lewis Terman: worked @ standard, developed english version of IQ test, named Stanford Binet. tested from ages 2-99
Term
stereotype threat
Definition
person doubts their performance due to negative stereotypes about groups ability
Term
Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
Definition
componential intelligence-ability to think abstractly, process info effectively
experiential intelligence-ability to formulate new ideas, to combine seemingly unrelated facts or information
contextual intelligence-ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions and to shape the environment so as to maximize one's strenghts and compensate for one's weaknesses
Term
emotional intelligence
Definition
the ability to identify your own and other people's emotions accurately, express your emotions clearly, and regulate emotions in yourself and others.
Term
motivation in success plays in intelligence?
Definition
1500 students top 1% of IQ tests. yrs later took 100 of most successful, and 100 least successful from 1500 and main difference was motivation
Term
Why do we use cognitive dissonance? What is an example of cognitive dissonance?
Definition
Going to agree or disagree with research b/c of unpleasant tension
Term
How are IQ scores distributed
Definition
2-99 score lower that 70 ur mentally retarded over 130 gifted and talented
Term
What is the Flynn effect?
Definition
Generations get smarter
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