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Microbiology
Graduate
01/26/2015

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Chlamydiosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, congenital syphilis, listeriosis, congenital rubella are all what?
Definition
Nationally notifiable
Term
List the 6 Nationally Notifiables for this unit
Definition
Chlamydia, syphilis, congenital syphilis, congenital rubella, listeriosis, gonorrhea
Term
Lactobacillus, ureaplasma, enterococcus, enterobacteriaceae are all what?
Definition
normal flora of genitourinary system
Term
List the 4 normal flora for the genitourinary system
Definition
lactobacillus, ureaplasma, enterococcus, enterobacteriaceae
Term
Listeriosis, Gonorrhea, rubella, and what 3 other pathogens are nationally notifiable for this unit?
Definition
congenital syphilis, syphilis, chlamydiosis
Term
Chlamydiosis, listeriosis, rubella, and what 3 other pathogens are nationally notifiable for this unit?
Definition
syphilis, congenital syphilis, and gonorrhea
Term
Lactobacillus, enterococcus, and what 2 other pathogens are normal genitourinary flora for this unit?
Definition
enterobacterieacea, ureaplasma
Term

Gram (-) rod for UTI

 

facultatively anaerobic

 

bile tolerant

 

lactase +

 

urease -

 

-UPEC, UTI, catheterization

Definition
E. coli
Term

State the 5 characteristics of E. coli for UTI:

-gram ____

 

-oxygen needs?

 

-_______ tolerant

 

-lactase _____

 

-urease _____

 

-trigger words

Definition

-gram (-) rod

 

-facultatively anaerobic

 

-bile tolerant

 

-lactase (+)

 

-urease (-)

 

-UPEC, UTI, catheterization

Term

Gram (+) coccus for UTI

 

clumps

 

facultative anaerobe

 

urease (+)

 

coagulase (-)

 

trigger word:  18-25 yo sexually active female

Definition
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Term

State the 6 characteristics of Staph. saprophyticus for UTI:

 

-Gram ____

 

-shape/form

 

-oxygen needs

 

-urease _____

 

-coagulase _____

 

-trigger words

Definition

-gram (+) coccus

 

-clumps

 

-facultatively anaerobic

 

-urease (+)

 

-coagulase (-)

 

-18-25 yo sexually active female

Term

-nonenveloped dsDNA virus for UTI

 

-JC strain

 

-travels to CNS and can cause multifocal encephalopathy

Definition

-Human Polyoma Virus

 

-polyoma viridae family

Term

State the 4 characteristics of human polyoma virus with UTI associated with symptoms related to the CNS

 

-ds/ss/RNA/DNA enveloped/nonenveloped

 

-family

 

-strain

 

-pathogenesis

Definition

-dsDNA nonenveloped

 

-polyoma viridae family

 

-JC strain

 

-can travel to the CNS and cause multifocal encephalopathy

Term

-gram (-) rod for UTI

 

-facultative anaerobe

 

-urease (+)

 

-lactase (-)

 

-"swarming motility"

Definition
Proteus mirabilus
Term

Name the 5 characteristics of Proteus mirabilis for UTI:

 

-gram ___

 

-oxygen needs

 

-urease ____

 

-lactase ____

 

-characteristic _______ ______

 

-associated with what?

Definition

-gram (-) rod

 

-facultatively anaerobic

 

-urease (+)

 

-lactase (-)

 

-characteristic swarming motility

 

-catheterization

Term

-gram (-) rod for UTI

 

-aerobic

 

-can grow over wide temp range

 

-urease (+)

 

-nosocomial infxn, opportunistic

Definition
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term

name the 5 characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for UTI

 

-gram _____

 

-oxygen needs

 

-temp. range

 

-urease _____

 

-trigger words

Definition

-gram (-) rod

 

-aerobic

 

-can grow over wide temp range

 

-urease (+)

 

-trigger words:  nosocomial infxn, opportunistic

Term
What does E. coli bind to on the surface of urothelial cells?
Definition
mannose
Term
What is the role of cathelicidins with regard to UTIs?
Definition

-antimicrobial peptides found in lysosomes of macrophages and neutrophils

 

-they partially inhibit protease activity

 

-chemotactic cytokine

Term
what is the role of defensins with regard to UTIs?
Definition
-antimicrobial peptide that is released from both phagocytic cells and epithelial cells
Term
What is the role of NO with regard to UTIs?
Definition
acts as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) to combat pathogens
Term
What is the action of Tamm-Horsfall protein with regard to UTIs?
Definition

-work in concert with IgA molecules to surround, engulf, and emulsify invading bacteria

 

-target invading bacteria for destruction

Term

-gram (-) diplococcus for STI

 

-capnophilic

 

-nationally notifiable

 

-trigger words:  gonococcus or gram (-) diplo

Definition

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

 

gonorrhea

Term

Name the 4 characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae for STI:

 

-gram _____

 

-oxygen needs

 

-is it nationally notifiable?

 

-trigger words

Definition

-gram (-) diplococcus

 

-capnophillic

 

-nationally notifiable

 

-gonococcus or gram (-) diplo

Term

-Indeterminate gram stain for STI:

 

-obligate intracellular parasite

 

-forms inclusion bodies with alternating life cycle forms

 

-females are carriers and pass it on

Definition
Chlamydia trachomatis
Term

Name the 4 characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis for STI:

 

-gram ____

 

-environmental needs?

 

-what does it form?

 

-who is the carrier that passes it on?

Definition

-indeterminate gram stain

 

-obligate intracellular

 

-inclusion bodies with alternating life cycle forms

 

-females are carriers that pass it on

Term

-tightly-wound, slender spirochete for STI

 

-nationally notifiable

 

-chancre

Definition
Treponema pallidum
Term

State the 3 characteristics for treponema pallidum (syphilis) for STI:

 

-shape/form

 

-is it nationally notifiable?

 

-trigger word?

Definition

-tightly-wound, slender spirochete

 

-nationally notifiable

 

-chancre

Term

-dsDNA enveloped for STI

 

-type 1 and type 2

 

-latency can be brought into active state by stress, UV, immunodeficiency, and reexposure to virus

Definition

Herpes simplex virus:

 

-type 1:  herpes labialis

 

-type 2:  gential herpes

Term

State the 3 characteristics of Herpes Simplex Virus for STI:

 

-ss/ds/RNA/DNA enveloped/noneveloped?

 

-what types are there?

 

-what is the general pathogenesis for this virus?

Definition

-dsDNA enveloped

 

-type 1:  herpes labialis

 

-type 2:  genital herpes

 

-after infxn, goes latent in DRG until exposure to stress, UV, immunodeficiency, or reexposure to active infection. then becomes active again

Term
Definition
Term

-ssDNA nonenveloped for OB/Peri/Neo/Postnatal

 

-erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

 

-hydrops fetalis if transmitted vertically

 

-emphasizing hygiene to pregnant patients is important

Definition
Parvovirus B19
Term

State the 4 characteristics of Parvovirus B19 for OB/Peri/Neo/Postnatal:

 

-ss/ds/RNA/DNA enveloped/nonenveloped?

 

-causes what 2 diseases?

 

-what should preventive step should be taught?

Definition

-ssDNA nonenveloped

 

-causes erythema infectiosum

 

-causes hydrops fetalis

 

-hygiene is crucial

Term

-dsDNA enveloped for OB/Peri/Neo/Postnatal

 

-herpesviridae family

 

-causes deafness, anemia

 

-large, violet intranuclear inclusions are sites of viral replication in kidneys

Definition

Cytomegalovirus

 

(CMV)

Term
What does TORCH stand for?
Definition

Toxoplasma

other

Rubella

CMV

HIV/HSV

Term
Definition
Large, violet intranuclear inclusions characteristic of tubular epithelial cells of kidneys seen with CMV
Term

-gram (+) coccus for OB/Peri/Neo/Postnatal

 

-forms chains

 

-beta hemolytic

 

-commonly causes neonatal sepsis

Definition
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)
Term

State the characteristics for Strep. agalactiae

 

-gram ____

 

-forms what shape?

 

-is it hemolytic? if so, what type?

 

-what does it commonly cause?

Definition

-gram (+) coccus

 

-chains

 

-beta hemolytic

 

-neonatal sepsis

Term
With UTIs, a descending infection usually involves which gram staining bacteria?
Definition
gram (+)
Term
Where do descending UTIs generally originate?
Definition
the lungs
Term
What are the initial symptoms of a descending UTI?
Definition
pyelonephritis
Term
What gram staining bacteria do ascending UTIs generally deal with?
Definition
gram (-)
Term
What are the 2 most common routes of acquisition for ascending UTIs?
Definition
nosocomial and community-acquired
Term
Where do the gram (-) bacteria associated with ascending UTIs generally originate?
Definition
gut flora
Term
Human polyoma virus, cytomegalovirus, rubella, adenovirus and hanta virus are all common causes of what?
Definition
viral UTI
Term
Adenovirus and Hanta virus are usually a result of what with UTIs?
Definition
descending UTI
Term
With Human Polyoma Virus, what are the 2 strains, and what are their associated symptoms?
Definition

BK - this strain stays within the urogenital system and is often associated with nephropathy with post-renal transplant pts

 

JC- this strain can leave the urogenital system and cause encephalitis with AIDS patients

Term
Cytomegalovirus is a member of what viral family?
Definition
herpesviridae
Term
Of the 5 viruses associated with UTIs, which are enveloped?
Definition
Hanta virus, Rubella, CMV
Term
Of the 5 viruses associated with UTIs, which are nonenveloped?
Definition
Adenovirus and Human Polyoma Virus
Term
Which of the viruses associated with UTI have dsDNA, is enveloped, and produces "Owl's eye" formations at the site of replication?
Definition
CMV
Term
Of the 5 types of viruses associated with UTIs, which are ssRNA?
Definition
rubella and hanta virus
Term
Hanta virus and Rubella are both ______ and ______
Definition
enveloped and ssRNA
Term
Human Polyoma Virus is a ______, _______ virus
Definition
dsDNA, nonenveloped
Term
State the characteristics of Human Polyoma Virus
Definition
dsDNA, nonenveloped
Term
The most common etiology for bacterial UTIs is what?
Definition
E. coli
Term

Definition

Term

Definition

Term
Definition
Term

Definition

Term
A burning sensation while urinating, hematuria, cloudy urine, and strong odor to urine are all symptoms of what?
Definition
Urethritis
Term
All of the symptoms of urethritis, and also pelvic pain, lower abdominal discomfort, and low grade fever indicates what condition?
Definition
Cystitis
Term
The symptoms of urethritis, in addition to upper/middle back and side pain, high fever, and shaking chills indicates what condition?
Definition
pyelonephritis
Term

gram (+) rod

 

facultatively anaerobic

 

facultatively intracellular

 

associated with pneumonia, septicemia, Trigger word: meningitis

 

invades phagocytic cells and can cross into meninges

Definition
listeria monocytogenes
Term
GBS (streptococcus agalactiae) and other Gram (-) bacilli, like E. coli, are the 2 most common causes of what neonatal condition?
Definition
neonatal sepsis
Term
What are the 4 symptoms of CMV in OB pts?
Definition

can cause deafness, mental retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia

 

histological samples will demonstrate large, violet intranuclear inclusions in tubular epithelium of kidneys

Term
Large violet intranuclear inclusions in a newborn infant's urine is indicative of what?
Definition
CMV
Term
What are the 2 main consequences of parvovirus B19?
Definition

abortion

 

hydrops fetalis

 

also, erythmatous infectiosum

Term
What are the 3 disease symptoms/consequences/conditions consistent with listeria monocytogenes?
Definition
pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis
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