Term
|
Definition
| the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Description: What is happening?
Explanation: Why is it happening?
Prediction: When will it happen again?
Control: How can it be changed?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the "third force" in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| either a psychiatrist or a psychologist who has special training in the theories of Sigmund Freud and his method of psychoanalysis. |
|
|
Term
| psychiatric social worker |
|
Definition
| a social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| General, clinical, cognitive, counseling, experimental + research, school, industrial/organizational, social + personality, developmental, educational, and other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| way of thinking and acting or making something original for the individual and valued by that person or others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an extensive network of specialized cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a branch of the life sciences that deals with the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue, especially focusing on their relationship to behavior and learning. |
|
|
Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
|
Definition
| part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a long bundle of neurons that carries messages between the body and the brain and is responsible for very fast, lifesaving reflexes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability within the brain to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemicals released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one's own; and that one's culture is superior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorder in which the signals from the various sensory organs are processed in the wrong cortical areas, resulting in the sense information being interpreted as more than one sensation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process that occurs when special receptors in the sense organs are activated, allowing various forms of outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency of the brain to stop attending to the constant, unchanging information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the recovery of the eye's sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright lights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the visible part of the ear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the method by which the sensations experienced at any given moment are interpreted and organized in some meaningful fashion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of ESP, ghosts, and other subjects that do not normally fall into the realm of ordinary psychology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the claimed ability to read another person's thoughts, or mind reading. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the supposed ability to "see" things that are not actually present. ability to find lost objects, people, or even bodies by touching objects associated with the person in question. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the supposed ability to know something in advance of its occurrence or to predict a future event. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state in which thoughts,feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert. |
|
|
Term
| altered state of consciousness |
|
Definition
| state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair chemicals and repair cellular damage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bad dreams occurring during REM sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares. |
|
|
Term
| sleepwalking (somnambulism) |
|
Definition
| occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one's sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| urinating while asleep in bed. |
|
|
Term
| Freud's interpretation of dreams |
|
Definition
| Freud felt dreams were a door into reading the unconscious mind. |
|
|
Term
| manifest content in dreams |
|
Definition
the actual dream itself.
it is what it is. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the true meaning of a dream is hidden and only expressed in symbols. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition occurring when a person's body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system.
ex. cocaine, amphetamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system.
ex. alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a class of opium-related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system's natural receptor sites for endorphins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs including hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulants that are made in laboratories rather than being found in nature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a natural drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the active ingredient in tobacco. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, and several other plant-based substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drinking four or five drinks within a limited amount of time, such as "happy hour" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance derived from the opium poppy from which all narcotic drugs are derived. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| narcotic drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the image of oneself that develops from interaction with important, significant people in one's life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning to make an involuntary (reflex) response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any event or stimulus, that when following a response, increases that probability that the response will occur again. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reinforcement of simple steps in behavior that lead to a desired, more complex behavior. |
|
|
Term
| partial reinforcement effect |
|
Definition
| the tendency for a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses to be very resistant to extinction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reinforcement of each and every correct response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kids with veery restrictive homes = bird out of cage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures in the past. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the behavioral characteristics that are fairly well established at birth, such as easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the emotional bond between an infant and the primary caregiver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the behavior associated with being male or female. |
|
|
