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Exam 1 (Ch. 1-4)
Definitions found in Lamanna & Riedman 10th ed. book
87
Sociology
Undergraduate 2
09/27/2015

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Term
Nuclear Family
Definition
Heterosexual couple, sex role stereotypes, kids, monogamous
Term
% of Nuclear families in U.S.
Definition
about 25 %
Term
Where do nuclear family ideals come from?
Definition
WASPs (White Anglo Saxon Protestants)
Term
Familism
Definition
-Togetherness
-Stability
-Loyalty
Term
Individualism
Definition
-Self-fulfillment
-Personal change/growth
-Urgency
Term
Research Methods:
(6 types)
Definition
-Natural "field" research
-Survey
-Lab setting
-Case study
-Historical/cross-cultural analysis
-Longitudinal study
Term
Function of families:
(3 aspects)
Definition
1. Legitimation of "responsible reproduction"
2. Provision of economic support
3. Provision of emotional security
Term
Family Structure Power Base:
Patriarchy
Definition
Male/father has power in society
Term
Family Structure Power Base:
Matriarchy
Definition
Female/mother has power in society
(rare)
Term
Family Structure Power Base:
Egalitarian
Definition
Equal power between males and females in society
Term
Family Structure Residence Patterns:
Patrilocal
Definition
Live with husband's family
Term
Family Structure Residence Patterns:
Matrilocal
Definition
Live with wife's family
Term
Family Structure Residence Patterns:
Neolocal
Definition
Create own household
Term
Family Structure Inheritance Pattern:
Patrilineal
Definition
Father to son
Term
Family Structure Inheritance Pattern:
Matrilineal
Definition
Mother to daughter
Term
Family Structure Inheritance Pattern:
Bilateral
Definition
Husband/Wife to Son/Daughter
Term
Alternative Family Structures:
Extended family
Definition
Any other family members aside from nuclear
Term
Alternative Family Structures:
Child free
Definition
by choice or default
Term
Alternative Family Structures:
Dual-earner family
Definition
Both adult figures work and are wage earners
Term
Alternative Family Structures:
Step-family
Definition
Secondary parental figure added that is not blood related
Term
Alternative Family Structures:
Single parent family
Definition
choice OR
default
-divorce
-death
-desertion
Term
Alternative Family Structures:
Gay parent family
Definition
family headed by a homosexual couple
Term
Alternative Family Structures:
Communal Living
Definition
Living in one housing unit with several families
Term
Alternative Family Structures:
Multiple Spouses
Definition
Polygamy
Term
Polgyny
Definition
1 male with 2 or more females
Term
Polyandry
Definition
1 Female with 2 or more males
Term
Exchange Theory
Definition
Rewards and costs:
people will stay as long as there is profit
Term
Gender Ideals
Definition
What society says men and women should be/ how they should act
Term
Gender Identity
Definition
sexual self-image (male or female)
Term
Sex role
Definition
Male activities vs. female activities
Term
Primary group
Definition
any group in which there is close, face to face relationships
Term
Secondary group
Definition
distant, practical, unemotional relationships
(ex. business)
Term
Self-concept
Definition
An individual's idea about his or her worth and about what sort of person he or she is.
Term
"Family Decline" perspective
Definition
Points to a cultural change toward excessive individualism that they characterize as self-indulgence of baby boom generation.
Term
Theoretical perspectives
Definition
ways of viewing reality
-observing, organizing, and interpreting what is seen
Term
Family Ecology Perspective
Definition
How a family influences and is influenced by the surrounding environment
Term
Modelling
Definition
Imitating the behavior of adults
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
use of rewards and punishments which tend to reinforce sex role stereotypes
Term
Self-socialization
Definition
Test out interpretation of sexual identity on peers using their feedback as a gauge
Term
Agents of Gender Role Socialization:
Family
Definition
Parents, siblings, and extended family
Term
Agents of Gender Role Socialization:
Peers
Definition
People in the same part of life
("jump off a bridge" phenomena)
Term
Agents of Gender Role Socialization:
School
Definition
Formalized
-includes formalized curriculum as well as interaction that takes place within the school.
Term
Agents of Gender Role Socialization:
Media
Definition
All visual and audio communication
-Biases present in many formats
Term
Natural physical-biological environment
Definition
Climate, soil, plants animals, etc.
-human built develops when nature is altered by humans
Term
Social-cultural environment
Definition
a human creation; consists of cultural values, cultural products (language/law), and social and economic systems.
Term
Family policy
Definition
All the procedures, regulations, attitudes, and goals of a government that affects families.
Term
Family Development Perspective
Definition
Emphasizes the family itself as a unit of analysis.
Term
Family Life Cycle
Definition
Idea that family changes in predictable ways over time.
Term
Stages marked by:
(3 aspects)
Definition
1. Addition or subtraction of family members
2. Various stages children go through
3. Changes in family's connections with other social institutions
Term
Developmental Tasks
Definition
Challenges that must be mastered in one stage for a successful transition to the next.
Term
Role sequencing
Definition
Order in which major transitions to adult roles take place
Term
Normative Order Hypothesis
Definition
Proposes that the work-marriage-parenthood sequence is best for mental health and happiness.
Term
Emerging adulthood
Definition
Affects entry into the family life cycle
-ongoing change and development
-responsibility, decisions, financially independent
Term
Structure-functional perspective
Definition
Family seen as a social institution that performs certain essential functions for society.
-enable society to survive
Term
Family structure
Definition
Form of the family
-varies according to society
Term
Interactionist Perspective
Definition
Focuses on interaction, face to face encounters, and relationships of individuals who act in awareness of one another.
Term
Self-concept
Definition
Basic feelings people have about themselves
-abilities, characteristics, worth
Term
Identity
Definition
Sense of uniqueness and inner sameness
Term
Meaning
Definition
What a given activity or statement conveys symbolically.
Term
Role Taking
Definition
playing out the expected behavior associated with social position/roles.
Term
Looking glass self
Definition
Notion that social feedback shapes the self concept
Term
Exchange Theory (topic)
Definition
Application of economic perspective to social relationships
Term
Principle of Least Interest
Definition
The partner with less commitment to the relationship has more power, including the power to exploit the other.
Term
Family Systems Theory
Definition
Umbrella term for a wide range of specific theories that look at family as a whole.
Term
System
Definition
Combination of elements that are interrelated and organized into a whole.
Term
Conflict perspective
Definition
Not all family practices are good/contribute to well-being.
Term
Feminist perspective
Definition
Focus on gender issues.
Term
Biosocial perspective
Definition
characterized by concepts linking psychosocial factors to physiology, genetics, and evolution.
-human anatomy, physiology and hormones affect most human behaviors
Term
Experiential Reality
Definition
Beliefs that we have about family
-may not be accurate
Term
Agreement Reality
Definition
what members of a society agree to be true
-may misrepresent actual experiences of families
Term
Life chances
Definition
The opportunities one has for education and work, whether one can afford to marry, the schools that children attend, and a family's health care- all depend on economic resources.
Term
Social class
Definition
Measured by education, occupation, and income.
Term
Race
Definition
A biologically distinct group
Term
Ethnicity
Definition
Has no biological connotations, but refers to cultural distinctions often based in language, religion, foodways, and history.
Term
Two main ethnicities:
Definition
Hispanic and non-hispanic whites
Term
Cultural equivalent perspective
Definition
Emphasizes the features that other racial/ethnic families have in common with the mainstream white families.
Term
Cultural Deviant perspective
Definition
Views qualities that distinguish minority racial/ethnic families from mainstream white families as pathological.
Term
Cultural Variant perspective
Definition
Calls for making culturally and contextually relevant interpretations of minority family lives.
Term
Binational Families
Definition
Those in which some family members are American citizens while others are undocumented immigrants.
Term
Segmented Assimilation
Definition
Assimilation may vary within an immigrant stream. Immigrants with professional education and skills or from favored national origin may do very well economically and socially. Other immigrants may not have education/skills necessary and may experience downward mobility.
Term
Transnational Family
Definition
One that maintains significant contact with two countries: the country of origin and the united states.
Term
Miller's Typology of Urban Native American Families:
Bicultural
Definition
Families that develop a successful blend of native beliefs and practices with those adaptive to living in urban settings.
Term
Miller's Typology of Urban Native American Families:
Marginal
Definition
Urban families that have become alienated from both Indian and mainstream American cultures
Term
Miller's Typology of Urban Native American Families:
Traditional
Definition
Families that retain primarily Indian ways in their urban environment
Term
Miller's Typology of Urban Native American Families:
Transitional
Definition
Families that tend to assimilate to the white working class
Term
Euro-Americans
Definition
White families of largely European descent
Term
Euro-Americans
Definition
White families of largely European descent
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