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Exam 1
Hodson's Chemistry 1301, Baylor University
78
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/20/2010

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Term
Hodson's Favorite element
Definition
Boron
Term
What is a law?
Definition
A consistent observation
Term
What is a theory?
Definition
Established hypothesis
Term
Physical Properties are?
Definition
characteristic displayed by a sample of matter without undergoing any change in its composition e.g. color
Term
Chemical Properties are?
Definition
characteristics displayed as a result of change in composition e.g. flammability
Term
Physical Change
Definition
Not permeant, changes in appearance not composition
Term
Chemical change
Definition
Change in composition
Term
These are used to create a product
Definition
Reactants
Term
Reactants create
Definition
A product
Term
Matter is composed of?
Definition
Atoms
Term
What is a substance?
Definition
A substance is a particular kind of matter with a fixed atomic composition that does not vary from sample to sample
Term
What is an element?
Definition
a substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by chemical means
Term
What is a compound?
Definition
a substance made up of atoms of two or more elements, chemically combined, with the different kinds of atoms combined in fixed proportions
Term
What is a heterogeneous mixture
Definition
A mixture that varies in composition
Term
What is a homogenous mixture
Definition
a mixture containing a single substance, solution.
Term
Solids are classified as
Definition
Crystalline (regular repeating pattern)
and
amorphous (no arrangement)
Term
Important SI prefixes
Definition
Good Men Know Many More Numbers

G 10^9
M10^6
k10^3
m10^-3
M10^-6
n10^-9
Term
Mass is
Definition
the amount of matter
Term
weight is
Definition
the gravitational pull
Term
What is temperature
Definition
the speed of motion of particles at a microscopic level
Term
How do you measure Kelvin
Definition
Kelvin (K) = Celsius (ºC) + 273.15
Term
How do you determine Fahrenheit?
Definition
Fahrenheit (ºF) = [1.8 X Celsius (ºC)] + 32
Term
1 ml = ____ cm?
Definition
1 cm^3
Term
1 cm^3 =?
Definition
I mL
Term
Precision is?
Definition
How close measurements are to each other
Term
Accuracy is?
Definition
How close the measurement is to the actual value
Term
Density =
Definition
Mass/volume
Term
What are the basic SI units?
Definition
kg, m, s, K, mol, A, Cd
Term
The law of conservation of mass
Definition
Mass cannot be created nor destroyed
Term
Law of Definite composition
Definition
Regardless of source, a particular compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts (fractions) by mass
Term
Law of multiple Proportions
Definition
Different proportions of the same elements can create different substances
Term
Who discovered atoms were divisible
Definition
JJ thompson, cathode ray
Term
What was the rutherford experiment
Definition
Gold, atoms moving around, established the nucleus.
Term
Mass number
Definition
Protons and neutrons
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
Protons
Term
Element symbol
Definition
for example Cl for cholorine
Term
In order for an atom to be neutral
Definition
Protons and electrons must be equal
Term
What is an Ion?
Definition
An ION is an ATOM or group of ATOMS which carries a net positive or negative charge
Term
Cations
Definition
Positive Ion
Term
Anion
Definition
Negative Ion
Term
Isotope
Definition
Atoms of the same element (same Z) with different numbers of neutrons (different A) are ISOTOPES
Term
Average Atomic Mass
Definition
Average Atomic Mass = Σ (Fractional abundance × atomic mass) for each isotope The Atomic Mass of an element is the weighted average relative mass of the isotopes of that element compared to the atomic mass of carbon-12, and is listed on the PERIODIC TABLE
Term
Metals are
Definition
malleable, ductile, lustrous, high melting and boiling point,
Term
Groups of metals
Definition
Alkaline metals, Alkaline earth metals, Transition metals and post transition metals
Term
Nonmetal groups
Definition
other non metals, halogens and noble gases
Term
The bottom group of the periodic table are the
Definition
Lanthanides and Actinides
Term
A mole is
Definition
6.022 x 1023
Term
Molar Mass is
Definition
The atomic mass (u) of any element
stated in grams (g)
contains 1 mole (mol) of
atoms of that element and is known as its
MOLAR MASS (g/mol)
Term
A diatomic molecule is
Definition
a molecule in an uncombined form.
Term
What is empirical formula
Definition
the smallest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound
Term
A structural formula shows....?
Definition
The covalent bonds between atoms in a molecule
single bond, double bond, triple bond
Term
What is an ionic compound?
Definition
Forms due to attractions, usually between a metal and a nonmetal
Term
Molecular covalent bonds form between?
Definition
Non metals and Non metals
Term
How do you find molar mass of a compound?
Definition
By adding the molar masses of each of the elements in the compound
Term
Mass percentage composition?
Definition
tells us relative masses of elements combined in a compound
Term
Molecular formula shows
Definition
the actual ratio, not a simplification
Term
Can compounds have identical empirical formulas?
Definition
Yes
Term
Calculating formula steps
Definition
mass percent of each compound
grams of each elements
moles of each element
empirical formula
Term
Calculating molecular and empirical formula
Definition
empirical formula * Integral factor = molecular formula
Term
Organic compounds are formed from
Definition
C H N O P S
Term
Ionic bond is between
Definition
metal and non metal
Metal + nonmetal-ide
Term
NH4+
Definition
Ammonium
Term
H3O+
Definition
Hydronium
Term
C2H3O2-
Definition
Acetate
Term
CO3 2-
Definition
Carbonate
Term
HCO3-
Definition
Hydrogen Carbonate
Term
ClO-
Definition
Hypochorite
Term
ClO2-
Definition
Chlorite
Term
ClO3-
Definition
Chlorate
Term
ClO4-
Definition
Perchlorate
Term
CN-
Definition
Cyanide
Term
OH-
Definition
Hydroxide
Term
NO3-
Definition
Nitrate
Term
NO2-
Definition
Nitrite
Term
PO4 3-
Definition
Phosphate
Term
PO3 3-
Definition
Phosphite
Term
SO4 2-
Definition
Sulfate
Term
SO3 2-
Definition
Sulfite
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