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Exam 1
Anatomy & Histology
30
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
01/31/2017

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the general gross considerations of the kidney?
Definition
-in retroperitoneum
-covered w/ thick fibrous capsule
-cortex to medulla ratio is approximately 1:2
Term
Describe the cortex of the kidney grossly.
Definition
-light to dark mahogany except in cats (yellow in cats due to fat in it)
-smooth surface except in cats (granular)
-cattle & marine mammals: lobulated
Term
Describe the medulla of the kidney grossly.
Definition
-paler than cortex (less blood flow)
-in outer and inner zone
-opens into renal pelvis via papillae
Term
Describe the renal pevis in different species.
Definition
-multiple papillae: pig, cattle
-single papilla: cat
-medullary crest (Fused papillae): dog, sheep, horse
Term
What is renal aplasia?
Definition
-failure of the kidney to develop
Term
What is the significance of unilateral renal aplasia? Bilateral?
Definition
-unilateral: incidental finding
-Bilateral: DEATH w/in days of life
Term
In which dog breeds is bilateral kidney aplasia most common?
Definition
-Beagles & Dobies
Term
What is renal hypoplasia?
Definition
-incomplete development of the kidney
Term
Is renal hypoplasia difficult or easy to diagnose? Explain.
Definition
-difficult
-can be confused w/ shrinking of kidney due to CKD
Term
In which animals is renal hypoplasia inherited?
Definition
-large white pigs & FOALS
Term
What do we see at necropsy w/ renal hypoplasia?
Definition
-small kidneys
-in pigs and cattle: papillae may be fused
-# nephrons reduced histologically w/out scarring
Term
What other dz can renal hypoplasia be confused w/ in dogs?
Definition
-Hereditary Juvenile Nephropathies (Familial renal dz): prebred dog breeds
Term
What changes do we see in the cortex w/ renal hypoplasia?
Definition
-cortex is often irregular and thin
Term
What is renal dysplasia?
Definition
-abnormality of altered structural organization resulting in abnormal nephron differentiation
Term
What are the "options" for renal dysplasia?
Definition
-asynchronous development of various nephron components
-persistence of primitive (myxomatous) mesenchyme or persistent metanephric ducts
-presence of cartilage or osseous tissue
Term
What characterizes canine hereditary juvenile nephropathy )familial renal dz)?
Definition
-CKD by <3y
-small, shrunken kidneys w/ interstitial fibrosis
-fetal glomeruli w/ hypertrophied glomeruli and normal tubules
Term
What are fused (horseshoe) kidneys?
Definition
-incidental and rare finding
-two kidneys fused at anterior or posteior poles
Term
Do fused kidneys function abnormally or normally?
Definition
-normal
Term
What are ectopic kidneys?
Definition
-displaced during development or can be hypermobile (nephroptosis)
-kidneys are normal but may be suspended in abdominal cavity or w/in the pelvic cavity (pelvic kidney)
Term
Are ectopic kidneys clinical?
Definition
-usually not unless ureter gets kinked causing ureteral obstruction or ecoptic kidney obstructs bowel
Term
Are renal cysts acquired or congenital? Where do they occur?
Definition
-either
-occur in any segmento f nephron
Term
What are the 6 pathogenic mechanisms of renal cyst formation?
Definition
-obstruction of tubules/Bowman's space
-congenital defect = weak BM
-PKD1 mutation in Persians/PKD2 mutations in bull terriers = dec renal tubular epi Ca signaling
-secondary to scarring in large area of necrosis
-ALL OF THOSE ARE THE IMPORTANT ONES
-yperplasia of epi=inc P = dilatation
-loss of polarity of tubular epi = translocation of Na/K ATPase = luminal secretion of fluid
Term
Which species get renal cysts? What do they look like?
Definition
-any species
-single large or few small cysts that are thin-walled containing clear fluid
Term
What is the clinical significance of renal cysts?
Definition
-NONE
Term
Describe the cysts acquired in scarred kidneys.
Definition
-multiple, small, and random
Term
Which animals get hereditary polycystic kidney dz?
Definition
-autosomal dom in Persian cats
-Cairn terriers and Bull terriers: biliary ducts may also be cystic
Term
Which spp get polycystic kidney dz?
Definition
-may occur sporadically in any animal spp
Term
What is polycystic kidney dz? WHat does it look like?
Definition
-progressive and congenital dz w/ cyst formation adn assoc nephron atrophy
-causes chronic renal dz inyoung or old animals
-kidneys looks like Swiss cheese due to dilatation of renal tubules
Term
What is glomerulocystic disease?
Definition
-cysts derived from abnormal glomerular basement membranes
Term
Which breeds get a specific form of polycystic dz?
Definition
-Shiba dog in Japan
-Belgian Malinois dogs
-Blue Merle collia
-Boxers
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