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Exam 1
Selected Gastric Dz
40
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
01/22/2017

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Cards

Term
Which animals are affected by proventricular dilation dz?
Definition
-psittacine birds: African grey & Amazon parrots, macaws & cockatooes
Term
What clinical signs are associated with proventricular dilation dz?
Definition
-often fatal
-GI ileus
-wasting
-/+ neuro signs
Term
What causes proventricular dilation dz?
Definition
-caused by lymphocytic inflammation of GI ganglia and nerves +/- adrenal glands
Term
What is the etiology of proventricular dilation dz? How is it transmitted?
Definition
-Bornavirus
-fecal-oral transmission
Term
How do we diagnose proventriuclar dilation dz?
Definition
-bx serosa of proventriculus or ventriculus or crop: Western blot for Ab or fecal PCR for virus
Term
What are the differentials of proventricular dilation Dz?
Definition
-intestinal obstruction, ileus of another cause, lead poisoning
Term
True or False: Vomiting is a neurologically mediated reflex act that can be triggered by both humoral and neural pathways.
Definition
-TRUE
Term
What is the humoral input to trigger vomiting?
Definition
-blood and CSF into the CRTZ then to emetic center
Term
What is the neuro input to trigger vomiting?
Definition
GI tract issues: ulcers, infection, pancreatitis, etc
-brain issues: head trauma, psychogenic, etc
-THESE GO STRAIGHT TO THE EMETIC CENTER
Term
What are the 3 phases of vomiting?
Definition
-nausea
-retching
-expulsion
Term
What are the criteria for concern over vomiting in dogs?
Definition
-very frequent and large volume vomiting
-chronicity
-marked wt loss, malaise, or pain
-vomiting blood
-fever or PU/PD
-severe dehydration
-other PE abnormalities
Term
What methods do we use to further investigate vomiting as appropriate?
Definition
-CBC & serum chem
-imaging
-endoscopy: especially duodenal exam
Term
What is acute gastritis?
Definition
-often used to sescribe 1-2 day episode of mild, acute, self-limiting vomiting without proof of inflammation
-treated symptomatically
Term
What is gastritis? What often accompanies it?
Definition
-gastric inflammation
-often accompanied by hemorrhage, edema, excess mucus pdn, erosions, ulceration or necrosis
Term
How is gastritis clinically characterized?
Definition
-pain, anorexia, and vomiting
Term
What are the hallmarks of clostridial infections?
Definition
-hemorrhage
-necrosis
-edema
-emphysema
Term
What is braxy? What causes it?
Definition
-acute abomasitis of sheep and calves
-Clostridium septicum
Term
What causes the lesions seen with braxy?
Definition
-exotoxin pdn results in hemorrhagic or necrotic abomasal mucosal folds, with extensive edema and emphysema insubmucosa
Term
What causes death with braxy?
Definition
-exotoxemia
Term
What are the two agents whose overgrowth/fermentation cause gastric inflammation?
Definition
-Clostridium perfringens
-Sarcina-like organisms
Term
What is abomasal tympany?
Definition
-bloat
Term
What are the clinical signs of abomasal tympany? What causes it?
Definition
-emphysema, edema, hemorrhage, inflammation, gas bubbles in abomasal wall, abomasal mucosa dark red to black
-caused by feeding milk replacer or cold/unhygienic colostrum to calves
Term
What causes edema dz? Which species is most affected?
Definition
-E.coli: enterotoxemic colibacillosis
-post-weaning pigs (6-14w)
Term
What changes precede edema dz in post-weaning pigs?
Definition
-dietary change => E. coli proliferate in SI and pdc enterotoxin => enters bloodstream => induces vascular damage => fluid leakage
Term
Which places are affected by edema dz in pigs?
Definition
-gastric wall, eyelid, colon, mesocolon, CNS
Term
Which lesions are Helicobacter spp associated with?
Definition
-gastritis and gastric ulcers in primates
-gastritis in dogs and cats
Term
What is caused by Pythium insidiosum in dogs?
Definition
-oomycete infection that may cause GI lesions in dogs
-seen in warm and wet areas
-causes segmental thickening of the gastric or intestinal wall, granulomatous and eosinophilic inflammation with regions of necrosis
Term
Is the gastric inflamamtion or intestinal lesions worse with IBD?
Definition
-intestinal
Term
Which species are affected by IBD?
Definition
-dogs and cats
Term
Which cells composes the inflammation of IBD?
Definition
-lymphocytes and plasma cells
Term
How do we diagnose IBD?
Definition
-duodenal biopsy
Term
What do blister beetles cause in the horse?
Definition
-necrosis, ulceration, and edema of non-glandular mucosa
-reddening of the glandular portion
Term
In which species does uremia cause gastric inflammation?
Definition
-dogs and cats, also horses
Term
What lesions occur in the stomach due to uremia?
Definition
-congestion, edema, hemorrhage, ulceration, and mucosal mineralization of the stomach
Term
What are the two most important gastric parasites? Others?
Definition
-Important: H. contortus, Ostertagia spp
-Others: Hyostrongulus rubidus, GAsterophilis > Trichostrongulus axei, Draschia megastomata, Ollulanus tricuspis, Phyaloptera spp
Term
What is the common name for Haemonchus contortus? Which species are affected?
Definition
-barber pole worm
-ruminants
Term
What is caused by H. contortus infestation?
Definition
-severe anemia, hypoproteinemia
-abomasal content may be fjid and dark red to brown
-rugae may be edematous (due to hypoproteinemia)
Term
What is the common name for HYostrongylus rubidus infestation? Which species are affected?
Definition
-thin sow syndrome
-pigs
Term
What is the name for the lesions due to Ostertagia spp? What are they? What causes them?
Definition
-Moroccan leather
-inflammation, mucous metaplasia, epi hyperplasia, raised nodular pale areas in abomasal mucosa, dec appetite, wasting, submandibular edema and diarrhea
-dec HCL pdn, protein loss
Term
Which species are infected by Gasterophilus spp? What lesions do they cause?
Definition
-horses
-erosions and ulcers at the point of attachment
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