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Exam 1
Gastric ulcers, masses, and neoplasms
47
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
01/22/2017

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Cards

Term
What is the purpose of the gastric mucosal barrier?
Definition
-prevents acid-induced damage
Term
What is the gastric mucosal barrier mostly composed of?
Definition
-formed largely by surface epi cells and their pdts: mucus, bicarb
Term
What do prostaglandins do in the stomach or abomasum?
Definition
-stim mucus and bicarb secretion
-inc epi proliferation
-inc mucosal blood flow
-inh acid secretion by parietal cells
Term
What is the pathophysiology behind gastric erosions and ulcers?
Definition
-destruction of superficial mucosa => local buffering is lost and proliferating epi cells are destroyed
-gastric acid and pepsin leak into submucosa and cause necrosis
Term
What are the common potential sequelae of gastric ulcers?
Definition
-bleeding or perforation
Term
An imbalance of ______ and ______ lead to ulcer formation.
Definition
-acid secretion
-mucosal protection
Term
Ulcers may occur because of... (give a few examples).
Definition
-local distrubances or trauma to the mucosal epi
-hgih gastric acidity (inc HCl pdn)
-local disturbances in blood flow
-depressed prostaglandins due to steroids or NSAIDs
Term
What do chronic ulcers look like?
Definition
-thickened rim due to birosis and epi regen
Term
What do acute ulcers look like?
Definition
-abrupt, sharp margin
Term
What are the clinical signs of animals with gastric ulcers?
Definition
-vomiting, inappetence, and abdominal pain
-vomitig of coffee grounds-like material (digested blood)
-melena (dark, tarry stools due to digested blood)
-anemia
Term
What is the most common location of ulcers in cattle?
Definition
-pyloric region
Term
Which cows are most affected by ulcers?
Definition
-youngcalves, dairy cows, and feedlot animals
Term
Which neoplasm commonly leads to ulcer formation in cattle?
Definition
-abomasal lymphoma
Term
What are the clinical signs of ulcers in cattle?
Definition
-anorexia
-dec milk pdn
-melena
-pain in xyphoid region
-hemorrhage or perforation may also occur
Term
Which pigs most commonly get ulcers?
Definition
-feeder pigs
Term
What are swine ulcers associated with?
Definition
-finely ground feed and stress
Term
What is the most common location of ulcers in pigs?
Definition
-pars esophagea
Term
Which horses most commonly get ulcers?
Definition
-competitive, performance horses
-idiopathic in foals
Term
What is the most common location of ulcers in horses?
Definition
-non-glandular mucosa adjacent to margo plicatus
Term
What are the clinical signs of ulcers in horses?
Definition
-adults: mild colic during and after eating
-foals: lie in dorsal recumbency, pain, bruxism, gastric reflux
Term
What are canine ulcers often associated with?
Definition
-mast cell tumors
-NSAIDs and major surgery
Term
How do mast cell tumors lead to ulcers in dogs?
Definition
-histamine release => inc HCl pdn
Term
What are clinical signs of ulcers in dogs?
Definition
-vomiting, inappetence, abdominal pain, naemia, and/or melena
Term
Why does stress lead to gastric ulcers? What are some causes of stress?
Definition
-reduced mucosal perfusion and ischemia
-causes of stress: weaning, parturition, tranportation, concurrent dz, exercise-induced
Term
How do NSAIDs and steroids lead to gastric ulcers?
Definition
-leads to dec prostaglandin pdn: dec bicarb pdn, dec bascular perfusion of the mucosa
Term
How does the diet lead to gastric ulcers?
Definition
-finely ground rations are ulcerogenic in pigs
-may also cause uclers in horses and cattle
Term
Where do gastrinomas form? How do they lead to ulcers?
Definition
-in the pancreas or duodenum
-may lead to gastric acid hypersecretion
Term
What are phytobezoars?
Definition
-masses of compacted plant matter in the GI tract
Term
What issues can be caused by phytobezoars?
Definition
-obstruction, ulceration, etc
Term
What are diospyrobezoars?
Definition
-phetobezoars assoc w/ eating persimmons
Term
What are trichobezoars?
Definition
-hairballs
Term
Which dog breeds are associated with chronic (giant) hypertrophic gastropathy (gastritis)?
Definition
-Basenji, beagle, boxer, bull terrier, etc
Term
What is chronic hypertrophic gastropathy?
Definition
-chronic gastiritis with mucosal hyperplasia
-inflammation leading to inc perm and protein loss
-wt loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and hypoproteinemia may be seen
Term
What is a hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy?
Definition
-mass of hyperplastic gastric mucosa (glandular tissue) at the pylorus
-intraluminal papillary projection near pylorus
Term
What are the clinical signs seen with gastric mucosal hypertrophy?
Definition
-chronic vomiting
Term
Which species is commonly affected by hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy? How do we fix it?
Definition
-older, small breed dogs
-tx: surgical excision
Term
What are the major differences b/n chronic hypertrophic gastropathy and hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy?
Definition
-Chronic hypertrophic gastripathy: Basenjis, inflammation, protein loss, stomach body
-Hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy: pylorus, obstruction
Term
Which species are affected by lymphoma interfering with the stomach?
Definition
-dogs and cats
Term
What are the clinical signs of lymphoma interfering with the stomach?
Definition
-partial anorexia, vomiting in advanced dz (or w/ pyloric obstruction)
Term
Where does lymphoma usually occur in cattle?
Definition
-HAULS
-H: heart
-A: abomasum
-U: uterus
-L: lymph node
-S: spinal canal
Term
What are the issues seen with bovine leukemia-assoc lymphoma in the abomasum?
Definition
-ulceration or abomasal outflow obstruction
Term
Which species is most commonly affected by gastric adenocarcinomas?
Definition
-dogs: esp chow chows
Term
Describe gastric adenocarcinomas in dogs.
Definition
-infiltrative and aggressive and may metastisize
Term
What are the clinical signs and lesions seen with gastric adenocarcinomas in dogs?
Definition
-ulceration and/or scirrhous response
-anorexia, wt loss, vomiting in late dz
Term
Where do leiomyomas/sarcomas occur in the stomach?
Definition
-in smooth muscle of stomach wall
Term
What are the clinical signs of gastric neoplasia?
Definition
-anorexia, vomiting, wt loss
-paraneoplastic syndromes = hypoglycemia or DI
-prognosis following surgical resection is fair to good
Term
From where do GI stromal tumors arise?
Definition
-arise within the wall of the GI tract
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