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Exam 1
Oral Path
120
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
01/17/2017

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Cards

Term
Is redness an an issue in the stomach?
Definition
-not a problem if it is by itself
Term
What is the significance of shiny mucosa?
Definition
-mucus is being produced and it is relatively healthy
Term
How should the mucosa of the rumen appear?
Definition
-Turkish towel appearance
Term
What is the significance of SI segments that are dilated and green PM?
Definition
-normal due to bile breaking down intestinal wall
-reddened segments of SI are also normal unless evidence of edema/necrosis/ulceration/fibrin exuate is present
Term
What is tiger-striping? Is it normal?
Definition
-red stripes appearing in the colonic mucosa on PM
-usually due to accumulation of blood in mucosal folds and not significant but has to be confirmed via microscopic exam
Term
True or False: A thorough exam fo the oral cavity is an improtant part of an antemortem AND postmostem exam. It can reveal local lesions or indicators of systemic dz.
Definition
-TRUE
Term
What is primary cleft palate?
Definition
-midline defect aka cheiloschisis or cleft lip
Term
Waht is secondary cleft palate?
Definition
-midline defect just like primary cleft palate but extends more caudally
-aka palatoschisis
Term
What are the three major sequelae of palatoschisis (secondary cleft palate)?
Definition
-inability to suckle
-nasal regurgitation
-aspiration pneumonia
Term
What are the potential causes of palatoschisis (secondary cleft palate)?
Definition
-hereditary
-teratogenic drugs: GRiseofulvin, corticosteroids
-Teratogenic plants: Lupine Veratrum spp, Crotolaria spp
Term
What are the four types of jaw growth anomalies? (1 star(
Definition
-Brachygnathia superior: short maxilla
-Brachygnathia inferior: short mandible
-prognathism: long mandibles
-agnathia: absence of lower jaw
Term
What is brachygnathia inferior called in a foal?
Definition
-parrot mouth
Term
What are the two major path processes of oral masses?
Definition
-hyperplasia and neoplasia
Term
How common are oral masses in SA?
Definition
-pretty common
-70% of tumors in dog alimentary system are in mouth
Term
What are the common Ddx for oral masses?
Definition
-gingival (fibrous) hyperplasia: dogs
-parapox, pox, and papilloma virus infections: most spp
\-epulis: dog >>> cats
-SCC: most spp
-oral melanoma: dogs
-fibrosarcoma: dogs & cats
Term
What are some examples of the less common oral neoplasms in dogs and cats?
Definition
-lymphoma
-MCT
-PCT
-granular cell tumors
-vascular tumors
-dental tumors
Term
What is gingival (fibrous) hyperplasia?
Definition
-overgrowth of gum tissue stroma (focal or diffues)
Term
In which dogs is gingival (Fibrous) hyperplasia most common?
Definition
-brachycephalic dogs, familial in Boxers
Term
How do we distinguish gingival (fibrous) hyperplasia from fibromatous epulis?
Definition
-need biopsy
Term
What kind of virus is responsible for Contagious pustular dermatitis? What are the other names for it?
Definition
-parapox
-soremouth or contagious ecthyma
Term
Which species are affected by contagious pustular dermatitis?
Definition
-sheep & goats
-AND HUMANS: called Orf
Term
What contagious pustular dermatitis look like in small rums?
Definition
-proliferative, scabby lesions on lips, face and feet
Term
What kind of virus is responsible for papular stomatitis? What are the other names for?
Definition
-parapox virus
-aa bovine papular stomatitis
-called milker's nodule in people
Term
What does papular stomatitis look like in cows?
Definition
-oral placques
Term
What kind of virus is responsible for oral papillomas?
Definition
-papillomavirus
Term
Which animals are affected by oral papillomas?
Definition
-multiple spp but usually the young animals
-othen regress spontaneously
Term
What are the two common types of epulis in dogs?
Definition
-acanthomatous ameloblastoma
-fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin (peripheral odontagenic fibroma)
Term
Describe the behavior of acanthomatous ameloblastoma (epulis).
Definition
-invades bone but does NOT metastasize
= may cause tooth loss and bone destruction
-MOST COMMON IN ROSTRAL MANDIBLE
Term
Describe the behavior of fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin (peripheral odontogenic fibroma)in dogs?
Definition
-does NOT invade bone but may contain ossifying material
-MOST COMMON IN ROSTRAL MAXILLA
Term
Are epulides more common in cats or dogs?
Definition
-dogs ??? cats
Term
What are the two forms of epulides that occur in cats?
Definition
-fibromatous epulis
-peripheral giant cell granuloma
Term
What is the most common epulis in the cat?
Definition
-fibromatous epulis
Term
Describe the behavior of fibroatous epulis in cats.
Definition
-benign
Term
Describe the behavior fo peripheral giant cell granuloma in cats/
Definition
-often w/ overlying mucosal ulceration, fast growth and local recurrence
-may be multiple
Term
Where in the mouth do ALL epulides arise?
Definition
-ALWAYS AND ONLY from around the teeth
Term
Are malignant oral tumors common in SA? What about in LA?
Definition
-relatively common in SA >6y
-uncommon in LA
Term
Describe the behavior fo malignant oral tumors.
Definition
-progress rapidly
-guarded-poor prognosis
-diagnosed bia biopsy
Term
What are the three major types of malignant oral tumors?
Definition
-SCC
-malignant melanoma: DOGS ONLY
-fibrosarcoma
Term
What are the clinical signs seen with malignant oral tumors?
Definition
-drooling
-dysphagia
-weight loss
-halitosis
-oral bleeding
-loose teeth
Term
What is the most common oral malignancy in cats?
Definition
-SCC
Term
How common are oral SCC in dogs?
Definition
-second most common oral malignancy in dogs
Term
Which kind of oral SCC tend to metastasize most often than other kinds?
Definition
-tonsillar SCC
Term
From where in the oral cavity do SCC tumors arise?
Definition
-anywhere
Term
What are the features of malignancy?
Definition
-high mitotic rate
-nuclear atypia
-high Ki67 indec (growth fraction)
Term
What is the most common oral malignancy in DOGS?
Definition
-roal melanocytic neoplasms (melanoma)
Term
Describe the behavior of oral malignant melanomas in dogs?
Definition
-locally invassive and destructive
-often metastasize widely thus poor prognosis
Term
Are melanomas on the lip less or more aggressive than those in the mouth?
Definition
-less
Term
What is the third most common oral malignancy in dogs? Which dogs are predisposed?
Definition
-fibrosarcomas
-large breeds
Term
What is the second most common oral malignancy in dogs?
Definition
-fibrosarcomas
Term
Where in the mouth do melanomas occur?
Definition
-gingiva and lips
Term
Where in the oral cavity do fibrosarcomas occur?
Definition
-gums of maxilla, palate, or rostral mandible
Term
Describe the behavior of oral fibrosarcomas.
Definition
-grow rapidly and ivade bone
-frequently recur after surgery
Term
What are the two major Ddx for fibrosarcomas in a dog?
Definition
-SCC
-amelanotic melenoma
Term
What does an oral fibrosarcoma look like?
Definition
-red to grey firm and nodular masses
-surface may be ulcerated
-may be attached to underlying bone
Term
What are the two types of teeth? Which species have each?
Definition
-brachydont: humans, carnivores, and swine
-hypsodone: herbivores
Term
Describe the distinguishing characteristics of brachydont teeth.
Definition
-crown, neck, and roots
-enamel covers the crown
-cementum covers the roots
-does not grow once fully erupted
Term
Describe the distinguishing characteristics of hypsodont teeth.
Definition
-cementum covers tooth
-enamel is beneath cementum
-dentin is beneath enamel
-continue to grow throughout life
Term
Definition: Periodontal ligament
Definition
-cellular and vascular tissue that supports tooth
-contains cells that remodel alveolar bone and cementum
Term
Definition: pulp
Definition
-loose mesenchymal and vascular tissue in center of tooth
Term
Which oral mass arises from the periodontal ligament? Is it benign or malignant?
Definition
-fibromatous epulis
-benign
Term
What causes enamel hypoplasia?
Definition
-Canine distemper (occurs at <6m)
-in utero BVD in calves
Term
Definition: Dental attrition
Definition
-loss or wear of teeth caused by mastication
Term
In which animals is abnormal dental wear most common?
Definition
-herbivores
Term
What can occur secondary to abnormal dental wear?
Definition
-secondary mucosal trauma & infection
-secondary weight loss
-inc risk of choke
Term
What are some behavioral issues that can lead to abnormal dental wear?
Definition
-rock-chewing or cribbing
Term
What are feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (resorptive neck lesions)?
Definition
-resorption of dental tissue in the neck region of teeth that results in inflammaiton and pain
-cause is unknown
Term
What are the potential results of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions?
Definition
-may result in loss of crown or tooth root
-may lead to bacterial infection of pulp cavity and inflammation
Term
What are dental caries?
Definition
-demineralization and degradation of teeth
Term
Where on the tooth does infundibular necrosis occur in horses?
Definition
-occlusal surface of first molar
Term
What is infundibular necrosis in horses?
Definition
-infundibula of tooth accumulates feed and bacteria and decays
Term
What are the possible outcomes of infunbdibular necrosis in horses?
Definition
-may progress to tooth fracture or root abscess but usually has no signsand does not progress
Term
What is pulpitis?
Definition
-inflammation of the dental pulp
Term
What can result from pulpitis?
Definition
-may lead to periapical abscesses, osteomyelitis, fistula formation, etc
Term
What is a dental calculus?
Definition
-mineralized plaque
-common in older dogs and cats
Term
What is periodontal disease? HOw does it start?
Definition
-the progression of gingivitis
-progresses to gingival recession, bone loss, and toth loss
Term
Which parts of the oral cavity can be involved with periodontal disease?
Definition
-gingiva
-alveolar bone
-periodontal ligament
-tooth root cementum
Term
Definition: Cheilitis
Definition
-inflammation of the lips
Term
Definition: Stomatitis
Definition
-diffuse inflammation of the oral cavity
Term
Definition: Pharyngitis
Definition
-inflammation of the pharyx
Term
Definition: FAucitis
Definition
-inflammation of the fauces (pasage b/n mouth and pharynx)
Term
Definition: Glossitis
Definition
-inflammaiton of the tongue
Term
Definition: Gingivitis
Definition
-inflammaiton of the gums
Term
Definition: Tonsilitis
Definition
-inflammation of the tonsils
Term
What is the bacterial or fungal cause of oral inflammation due to the following diseases:
a) Necrotizing stomatitis
b) Wooden tongue
c) Lumpy jaw
d) Oral candidiasis (thrush)
-Oral histoplasmosis
Definition
a)Fusobacterium necrohorum
b) actinobacilus lignieresii
c) Actinomyces bovies
d) Candida spp
e) HIstoplasma capsulatum
Term
What are the two types of stomatitis?
Definition
-Superficial: limited to the oral mucosa
-Deep: involves submucosal CT
Term
In which animals is oral candidiasis most common?
Definition
foals, pigs, and dogs
Term
When does oral candidiasis occur?
Definition
-immunodeficiency
-altered normal flowra: antibiotics
-high blood glucose
Term
What causes necrotizing stomatitis?
Definition
-Fusobacterium necrophorum
Term
What does necrotizing stomatitis look like?
Definition
-yellow-grey necrotic foci surrounded by reddened margin in mouth, pharynx, larynx, or tongue
Term
Is necrotizing stomatitis a superficial or deep stomatitis?
Definition
-deep
Term
What causes wooden tongue?
Definition
-Actinobacillus lignieresii
Term
Which animals are affeted by wooden tongue?
Definition
-cattle, sheep, and pigs
Term
What does wooden tongue look like?
Definition
-stiff enlargement of the tongue due to pyogranulomatous inflammation
Term
What causes lumpy jaw?
Definition
-Actinomyces bovis
Term
Describe the pathophysiology of lumby jaw.
Definition
-chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation and bony lysis and bony proliferation of mandible
-in cattle
Term
What causes oral histoplasmosis in cats?
Definition
-Histoplasma capsulatum
Term
What does oral histoplasmosis look like in cats?
Definition
-pyogranulomatous and proliferative or ulcerativ eoral lesions
Term
What is the other name for feline ulcerative stomatitis and glossitis?
Definition
-lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis
Term
What does feline ulcerative stomatitis and glossitis look like?
Definition
-ulcerative and chronic inflammation of oral mucosa
Term
Which cats are predisposed to feline ulcerative stomatitis and glossitis?
Definition
-older cats
-may accompany periodontitis
Term
What are fauces?
Definition
-passage from back of mouth to pharynx
Term
What does feline plasma cell gingivitis-pharyngitis look like?
Definition
-raised red and proliferative lesion on glossopalatine arches and gingiva
-mucosa is hyperplastic and ulcerated
Term
What is the other name for feline plasma cell gingivitis=pharyngitis?
Definition
-chronic gingivostomatitis
Term
What do we see on labs and biopsy with feline plasma cell gingivitis-pharyngitis?
Definition
-polyclonal gammopathy
-almost all plasma cells on biopsy
Term
What is the scientific name for kissing ulcers?
Definition
-chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis (CUPS)
Term
Which species get CUPS? Which breeds?
Definition
-dogs
-Maltese, Cavalier King Charles, greyhounds, scotties
Term
How does chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis occur?
Definition
-excessive inflammatory rxn to bacteria in plaque at locations of cheeks that contac the teeth
Term
What is eosinophilic ulcer in cats?
Definition
-chronic ulcerative lesion of lip, oral mucosa and skin that is often associated with allergies
Term
Which species is affected by oral eosinophilic granulomas? Breed predilection?
Definition
-dogs
-young Siberian husky dogs
Term
What do oral eosinophilic granulomas look like?
Definition
-ulcerated raised plaques on lateral or ventral surface of tonge
Term
What is calcinosis circumscripta?
Definition
-mineralized nodule in tongue ofyoung large breed dogs that is cured by surgical excision
Term
What are the vesicular diseases of ruminants?
Definition
-FAD
-vesicular stomatitis
Term
What are the vesicular diseases of pigs?
Definition
-FAD
-vesicular stomatitis
-vesicular exanthema
-swine vesicular dz
Term
What are the vesicular diseases of horses?
Definition
-vesicular stomatitis
Term
What are the diseases that cause oral erosions/ulcers in ruminants?
Definition
-BVDV
-BTV
-Rinderpest
-MCF
Term
What are the diseases that cause oral erosions/ulcers in pigs?
Definition
-Rinderpest
-MCF
-greasy pig dz
Term
What are the diseases that cause oral erosions/ulcers in horses?
Definition
-vasicular stomatitis
Term
True or False: Vesicular diseases also cause oral ulcers.
Definition
-TRUE, vesicles lead to the formation of erosions
Term
REVIEW SLIDE 61 FROM LECTURE 1 (BIG CHART)
Definition
Term
What does feline calicivirus look like?
Definition
-lingual and oropharyngeal vesicles/ulcers in cats
-concurrent infection with feline herpesvirus 1 may occur
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