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Exam 1
Beth Hunter: HY 105
31
History
Undergraduate 2
09/21/2014

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Cards

Term
Chapter 23
Definition
Transformation of Europe
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
Challenged the catholic church after they marketed indulgences to reconstruct St. Peter's basilica.
Didn't like Jews and Muslims.
Translated the bible.
Term
Henry VIII of England
Definition
Had many wives to have a male heir.
Started Protestant revolt in England (Anglocan)
Term
John Calvin
Definition
Protestant revolt in Geneva.
Dissolved unity in western Christendom
Term
Catholics V. Protestants
Definition
C tried to persuade P to join them after they reformed.
The two groups went to war over religion.
Term
Charles V
Definition
Heir to 3 European dynasties.
Hapsburg jaw.
Left his empire to Phillip II.
Term
Absolute Monarch
Definition
France, Spain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
Term
Constitutional Monarch
Definition
England and Netherlands.
Term
Spanish Inquisition
Definition
torture of citizens who did not agree with rule.
Term
English Civil War and Glorious Revolution
Definition
Calvinist Puritans beheaded Charles I, interim ruler turned to constitutional monarchy.
new rulers = Mary and William
Term
King Louis XIV - Sun King
Definition
Made the largest building his residence, Versailles.
Gained the throne at age 4.
Thrown out of France twice (poor), shaped his lavish life later.
Married Phillip I's daughter Marie.
Term
Peter I - Peter the Great
Definition
Absolute monarch of Russia.
From the Romanov family.
Took throne at age 10 and moved capital to St. Petersburg.
Wanted to Europeanize Russia.
Term
Catherine the Great
Definition
Divided Russia into 50 provinces.
Husband was assassinated.
Admired Peter the Great.
Had many lovers.
Term
Peace of Westphalia
Definition
Ended 30 years war.
Recognized each area as sovereign.
Didn't stop war in the future.
Led to balance of power issues.
Term
Protoindsutrialization
Definition
Countryside families worked together to produce goods. Improved health and more material goods. "Putting out system"
Term
Adam Smith
Definition
Scottish philosopher who believed hat society would prosper when individuals pursue their own economic interests.
Term
Ptolemy v. Copernicus
Definition
Earth is the center v. Sun is the center
Term
Galileo Galilei
Definition
planetary orbits were elliptical. Said that the heavens were blemished (craters on the moon), Was exiled for radical ideas.
Term
Isaac Newton
Definition
Gravity
Term
Emilie du Chatelet
Definition
translated Newton's work into French.
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
rationalization over religion. France was the center of it.
Term
John Locke
Definition
People are born with a blank slate.
Philosophies (followers of enlightenment).
Term
Deism
Definition
observed god as a watchmaker who rarely interfered.
Term
Chapter 24
Definition
New Worlds
Term
joint-stock company
Definition
investing into someone or something.
Term
Important during this time
Definition
God, gold, and glory
Food, technology, and defenses.
Term
Donya Marina
Definition
Lover of Hernando Cortes and helped Spain claim South America by translating.
Term
Columbus
Definition
led multiple expeditions to the new world. First landed in the Caribbean.
Term
Encomienda
Definition
used to enslave the Natives.
Term
Mita System
Definition
asked for 1/4 of male population to work in the mines.
Term
Francisco Pizarro
Definition
Tricked native Incans into peace conference and killed them for their gold.
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