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Exam 1
Airway
57
Nursing
Graduate
05/19/2014

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Cards

Term
glottic opening
Definition
divides the upper and lower airways
Term
maxillary (sphenopalatine branch) and ophthalmic and facial (septal) arteries
Definition
arteries that supply the nasal mucosa
Term
anterior ethmoidal nerve (branch of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve)
Definition
innervates anterior third of septum and lateral wall.
Term
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve via the sphenopalatine ganglion
Definition
innervates posterior 2/3 of the septum and lateral wall
Term
palates (hard and soft)
Definition
separates oral cavity from nasal cavity
Term
tongue
Definition
#1 cause of airway obstruction
Term
hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)
Definition
innervates tongue muscles
Term
trigeminal nerve (CN 5) (tongue)
Definition
touch sensation on anterior 2/3 of tongue
Term
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) tongue
Definition
touch sensation on posterior 1/3 of tongue; taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue
Term
facial nerve (CN 7) tongue
Definition
taste on anterior 2/3 tongue
Term
vertebrae that lies posterior to nasopharynx
Definition
C-1
Term
vertebrae (2) that lie posterior to the oropharynx
Definition
C2, C3
Term
cricoid cartilage sits anterior to these vertebrae
Definition
C5, C6
Term
upper and lower boundaries of larynx
Definition
epiglottis (superior); cricoid cartilage (inferior)
Term
upper esophageal sphincter
Definition
barrier to regurg in conscious patient
Term
largest of unpaired laryngeal cartilages
Definition
thyroid cartilage
Term
unpaired laryngeal cartilage shaped like a signet ring
Definition
cricoid cartilage
Term
unpaired laryngeal cartilage shaped like a leaf; when inverted prevents food/liquid from entering airway
Definition
epiglottis
Term
space between base of tongue and epiglottis
Definition
vallecula
Term
2 paired laryngeal cartilages that serve no purpose
Definition
corniculate and cuneiform
Term
pyramid shaped paired laryngeal cartilage; allow for opening and closing of vocal cords
Definition
arytenoids
Term
synovial joint located in layrnx; RA can afect the joint
Definition
cricoarytenoid joint
Term
provides motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle
Definition
external branch of laryngeal nerve
Term
provides motor innervation to entire larynx (except cricothyroid muscle)
Definition
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Term
posterior cricoarytenoid muscles
Definition
separates vocal cords (aBducts) and opens glottis
Term
lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
Definition
closes glottis (aDducts)
Term
arytenoid muscles
Definition
closes glottis posteriorly
Term
cricothyroid muscle
Definition
produces tension and elongates vocal cords
Term
thyroarytenoid muscle
Definition
shortens and relaxes the vocal cords
Term
internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (sensory)
Definition
sensory innervation of vocal cords and above
Term
recurrent laryngeal nerve (sensory)
Definition
sensory innervation of below vocal cords
Term
most common lobes of lung for aspiration
Definition
R middle and R lower
Term
name the 5 (+1) predictors of difficult bag/mask ventilation and oxygenation (OBESE+1)
Definition
Obese
Bearded
Elderly
Snorers
Edentulous
(+1)Short, thick neck
Term
magic number for thyromental distance
Definition
6.5cm
Term
Mallampati Class 1
Definition
visualization of soft palate, fauces, uvula, tonsillar pillars
Term
Mallampati Class 2
Definition
visualization of soft palate, fauces, uvula
Term
Mallampati Class 3
Definition
visualization of soft palate, base of uvula
Term
Mallampati Class 4
Definition
soft palate not visible
Term
formerly known as "aspiration pneumonitis". most likely during induction. risk with >25mL and gastric pH <2.5
Definition
Mendelson's Syndrome
Term
contraindications for placing a nasal airway
Definition
anticoagulated pts, children with prominent adenoids, pts with basal skull fractures
Term
equipment required for intubation (MISMADE)
Definition
Machine check, including sxn, ETTs, LMAs, blades
IV supplies
Sxn
Monitors
Airway equipment
Drugs
Equipment (plan B airway equipment, positioning equip, etc)
Term
airway axis most affected by extension of neck
Definition
oral airway axis
Term
two airway axes that line up when pt is in sniffing position
Definition
pharyngeal and laryngeal airway axes
Term
ramping
Definition
propping head/shoulders up for obese or large breasted pts
Term
Macintosh (curved) blade
Definition
fits into vallecula; indirectly lifts epiglottis; size 1-4 (most common=3, tall pts=4)
Term
advantages of Mac blade
Definition
Less dental trauma
More room for ETT
Less bruising of epiglottis
Term
Miller (straight) blades
Definition
directly picks up epiglottis; thin blade thus tongue sweep is essential
Term
ave size ETT and depth (at lip) for adult female
Definition
7.0, 21cm
Term
avg size ETT and depth (at lip) for adult male
Definition
8.0, 23cm
Term
amount of air placed in balloon of ETT once inserted
Definition
"TO SEAL!" Pressure in cuff should not exceed 30mmHg.
Term
Sellick's Maneuver
Definition
cricoid pressure applied (2kg increased to 4kg once unconscious) before pt loses consciousness; std of care for full stomachs
Term
Cormac & Lehane Grade 1
Definition
visualization of entire laryngeal aperture
Term
Cormac & Lehane Grade 2
Definition
visualization of posterior part of laryngeal aperture
Term
Cormac & Lehane Grade 3
Definition
visualization of epiglottis only
Term
Cormac & Lehane Grade 4
Definition
not even epiglottis is visible
Term
most reliable indicator that ETT is in the right place
Definition
direct visual laryngoscopy (you SEE the tube thru the cords)
Term
highest ventilation pressure LMAs should be used with
Definition
<20-25cmH2O pressure. Upper esoph sphincter opens at 25-30cmH2O, so air can be forced into the stomach increasing risk for aspiration.
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