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Exam 1
Chapter 1-7
27
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/18/2013

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Term
SEM Scanning Electron Microscope
Definition

focus a beam of electrons on to the surface of a specimen, providing images that look 3-D
Term
TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
Definition
focus a beam of electrons through a specimen
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
Outter layer of the cell that holds together cytoplasm and organelles and allows transport of materials throught the cell
Term
chromatin
Definition
genetic materials formed by DNA and proteins
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
particle smade of RNA and protein that carry out protein synthesis in the cytosol and ER
Term
Endomembrane system
Definition
Nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma membrane
 
Transfer by vesicles
Term
lysosome
Definition

a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules

 
Term
mitochondria
Definition

the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that generates ATP

 
Term
chloroplasts
Definition
found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis
 
Term
peroxisomes
Definition

oxidative organelles

produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water

 
Term
Thylakoids
Definition

membranous sacs, stacked to form a granum

 
Term
Phospholipids
Definition

most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane

 
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition

network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm, composed of Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate filaments

 
Term
centrosome
Definition
microtubule-organizing center
Term
Cytoplasmic Streaming
Definition

circular flow of cytoplasm within cells to distribute materials

 
Term
ECM extracellualer matrix
Definition

for support, adhesion, movement and regulation

made up of glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

Term
Intracellular Junctions
Definition
Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, and Gap Junctions
Term
amphipathic molecules
Definition
phospholipids containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
Term
aquaporin
Definition
any one of a group of proteins in cell membranes that allow the passage of water across the membrane
Term
peripheral membrane proteins
Definition
proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated
Term
integral membrane proteins
Definition
a protein molecule that is permanently attached to the biological membrane
Term
channel proteins
Definition
trans-membrane proteins found in the phospholipid bilayer membranes that allow specific molecules/ions to pass through the membrane
Term
carrier proteins
Definition
A protein that transports specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across the cell membrane.
Term
electrogenic pump
Definition
transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane-proton pumps(plants,fungi,bacteria) sodium-potassium pump (animal)
Term
quantitative vs. qualitative data
Definition

quantitative: expressed as a number

qualitative:descriptions

Term
inductive vs. deductive reasoning
Definition

inductive: broad generizations

deductive: valid reasoning

Term
science vs technologoy
Definition

science: knowing

technology: doing

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