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Exam 1
Rector
15
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/03/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): Austria
Founded Psychoanalytic school of thought
Belief that behavior is largely governed by motives and drives that are internal and often unconscious
Development happens in stages
Term
John B. Watson
Definition
John B. Watson (1878-1958): United States
Founder of Behaviorism
Psychology = scientific study of behavior
Behavior = overt or observable responses or activities
Radical reorientation of psychology as a science of observable behavior
Study of consciousness abandoned
Term
B.F. Skinner
Definition
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990): United States
Environmental factors determine behavior
Responses that lead to positive outcomes are repeated
Responses that lead to negative outcomes are not repeated
More controversy regarding free will
Term
Theme 1
Definition
Psychology is Empirical
Empiricism is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation in which research is conducted to test ideas.
Term
Theme 2
Definition
Psychology is Theoretically Diverse
A theory is a system of interelated ideas used to explain a set of observations. A theory links unrelated observations and tries to explain them.
Term
Theme 3
Definition
Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context
Dense interconnections exist between what happens in psychology and what happens in society. Psychology develops in a social and historical context through trends, issues and values.
Term
Theme 4
Definition
Behavior is Determined by Multiple Causes
In general, pschologists find that behavior is governed by a complex network of interacting factors, an idea referred to as the multifactorial causation of behavior.
Term
Theme 5
Definition
Our Behavior is Shaped by our Cultural Heritage
Culture refers to the shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of community that are transmitted socially across generations.
Term
Theme 6
Definition
Heredity and Environment Jointly Influence Behavior
A century of research has shown that genetics and experience both influence an individual's intelligence, temperment, personality, and susceptibility to many psychological disorders.
Term
Theme 7
Definition
Our Experience of the World is Highly Subjective
We actively process incoming stimulation, selectively focusing on some aspects of that stimulation while ignoring others. People tend to see what they want to see or what they expect to see.
Term
Structuralism
Definition
Edward Titchener
Analyze consciousness into basic elements
Term
Introspection
Definition
Careful, systematic observations of one’s own conscious experience
Term
Functionalism
Definition
William James
Investigate function of consciousness
Led to investigation of mental testing, developmental patterns, and sex differences
Term
correlation
Definition
mutual relation of two or more things, parts, etc.: Studies find a positive correlation between severity of illness and nutritional status of the patients. Synonyms: similarity, correspondence, matching; parallelism, equivalence; interdependence, interrelationship, interconnection.
Term
correlation coefficent
Definition
A measure of the interdependence of two random variables that ranges in value from -1 to +1, indicating perfect negative correlation at -1, absence of correlation at zero, and perfect positive correlation at +1. Also called coefficient of correlation.
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