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Exam 1
ABO/Rh Testing and Anti-Human Globulin
54
Science
Graduate
02/27/2013

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Cards

Term
What the most common ABO type?
Definition
45% O (whites) 49% O (blacks)
Term
What is the most common Rh antigen?
Definition
D (85%)
Term
What genotypes make up A1 phenotype?
Definition
A1A2, A1A1, A1O
Term
A2 phenotype
Definition
A2A2, A2O, less common
Term
A1B phenotype
Definition
A1B
Term
A2B phenotype
Definition
A2B, least common
Term
Age of patient as a practical consideration for transfusion
Definition
Newborns always get O cells AB plasma because antigens not developed yet,
Term
Universal Cell Donor
Definition
O, because no antigens on cells
Term
Universal Cell receiver
Definition
AB patients, because they have no antibodies in their plasma
Term
Universal Plasma Donor
Definition
AB plasma, because no antibodies in the plasma
Term
Universal Plasma receiver
Definition
O patients, because no antigens on their cells
Term
Perfect match transfusion
Definition
A pos patient get A pos blood
Term
ABO compatible transfusions
Definition
patient get product which is compatible but not perfect match
A pos patient gets O positive
Term
When are ABO incompatible transfusions considered?
Definition
when you run out of compatible product
Term
Platelet transfusions
Definition
cellular and plasma, need to consider antigens and antibodies
Term
IS D-
Definition
D-
Term
Weak D positive units
Definition
D+ for transfusion purposes
Term
Rh negative patient with Rh positive cells?
Definition
male, or female out of child baring age (+50)
Term
Inventory considerations
Definition
need to consider what you will need for the rest of the day
Term
How long until platelets outdate?
Definition
5 days
Term
What plasma do you need for a trauma?
Definition
AB plasma
Term
What are the regulatory agencies involved in Blood Banking?
Definition
FDA, AABB and CAP
Term
FDA involvement in BB
Definition
blood is a drug, blood banks modify drug, need to licensed if you ship product
Term
AABB involvement in BB
Definition
regulate BB labs by using standards, monitor best practices
Term
CAP involvement in BB
Definition
all labs
Term
Other agencies involved in BB
Definition
joint commission, OSHA, CMS
Term
AHG testsing
Definition
Anti-Ig reagent +/- complement reagent
Term
IAT
Definition
patient plasma + LISS + reagent red cells
Testing for antibodies in patient plasma, AHG binds antibody that bound to red cells = agglutination
Term
DAT
Definition
patient cells (already have IgG) + AHG to agglutinate = auto antibody in patient
Term
Check cells
Definition
control for negative tests, react and bind to AHG to create agglutination, confirms true negative
Term
factors that influence tests
Definition
washing steps, technique, reagents, temp
Term
different reagents
Definition
mono or poly specific
Term
IAT
Definition
Antibody screens. IDs and Xm
Term
DAT
Definition
transfusion reaction investigations (alloantibody)
Term
H system
Definition
On all red cells except with bombay phenotype, H antigen is precursor to A and B antigens, amount of H depends on ABO type
Term
A gene
Definition
GalNac=GALactosainyl transferase adds N-ACetyl-galactosamine
Term
H antigen is highly expressed on O cells
Definition
because they have no A or B antigens
Term
Bombay phenotype
Definition
Rare, Autosomal Recessive phenotype characterized by the absence of H, A and B antigens
Term
Obombay =
Definition
O positive, reacts with every cell
Term
Rh antibodies sensitization
Definition
can only occur through pregnancy, IgG
Term
Anti-A reagent
Definition
blue
Term
anti-B reagent
Definition
yellow
Term
check cells
Definition
IgG coated red cells- react with anti-IG reagent
Term
monoclonal anti-c3d is
Definition
derived from one clone of plasma cells
Term
Which of the following is a clinically significant antibody whose detection has been reported in some instances to be dependent on anticomplement activity in polyspecific AHG?
Definition
Anti-Jka
Term
False-positive DAT results are most often associated with:
Definition
use of refrigerated, clotted blood samples in which complement components coat RBCs in vitro
Term
Polyethylene glycol enhances antigen-antibody reactions by
Definition
concentrating antibody by removing water
Term
solid-phase antibody screening is based on
Definition
adherence
Term
Which factor can affect AHG testing, yet it controllable in the lab?
Definition
antibody affinity
Term
AHG
Definition
cross-links sensitized cells, resulting in visable agglutination
Term
22% albumin
Definition
causes agglutination by adjusting zeta potential between RBCs
Term
LISS
Definition
- low ionic strength environment causes RBCs to take up antibody more rapidly
Term
PEG
Definition
increses test sensitivity, aggregates RBCs causing closer proximity of RBCs to one another, assisting in antibody cross-linking
Term
Enzymes
Definition
- Reduce RBC surface charge, destroys or depresses some RBC antigens, enhances other RBC antigens
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