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Bio Bases Exam 1
Chapters 1 - 4
79
Psychology
Graduate
01/14/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Animism
Definition

belief that non-human entities are spiritual beings or at least embody some kind of life principle;

encompasses belief that there souls exist in not only humans, but in animals, plants, rocks & natural phnomenon;

souls may also be attributed to abstract concepts such as words, true names & metaphors 

Term
Olfaction
Definition

-sense of smell

-mediated by cells in the nasal cavity of vertebrates & antennae of invertebrates;

-vertebrates have 2 distinct olfactory systems -- main & accessory (used to detect pheremones)

Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition

- associative learning

- Pavlov

- NS + UCS

Term
Generalization
Definition

extension of a concept to less-specific criteria

- foundational element of logic & human reasoning

Term
Dualism
Definition
views about a relationship btwn mind & matter, which begins w/ the claim that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical
Term
Ablation
Definition
removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping or other erosive processess
Term
Funcitonalism
Definition

theory of the mind in contemporary philosophy, developed largely as an alternative to both the identity theory of mind & behaviorism; 

core idea = mental states (beliefs, desires, being in pain, etc.) that are constituted solely by their functional role -- that is, they are causal relations to other mental states, sensory inputs & behavioral outputs 

Term
Functional Selectivity
Definition

ligand-dependent selectivity for certain signal transdution pathways in one & the same receptor; 

can be present when a receptor has several possible signal transduction pathways; 

to which degree each pathway is activated thus depends on which ligand binds to the receptor

Term
Parallel Processing
Definition

ability to carry out multiple operations or tasks simultaneously; 

the term is used in the contexts of both human cognition, particularly in the ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli & in parallel computing by machines 

Term
Facilitation
Definition
Term
Stroke
Definition
Term
Neglect
Definition
Term
Fear
Definition
Term
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Definition
Term
Growth Hormone
Definition
Term
Neuroendocrine Cell
Definition
Term
Optic Chiasm
Definition
a x-shaped connection btwn the optic nerves, located below the base of the brain, just anterior to the pituitary gland
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
Term
Prolactin
Definition
Term
Vasopressin
Definition
Term
Opiate
Definition
Term
Foramen
Definition
Term
Balance
Definition
Term
Somatics
Definition
Term
Illusion
Definition
Term
Substance Abuse
Definition
Term
MPTP
Definition
Term
Excretion
Definition
Term
Cocaine
Definition
Term
Nicotine Receptor
Definition
an ionotropic acetylcholine receptor that is stimulated by nicotine & blocked by curare
Term
Diabetes Mellitus
Definition
Term
Heroin
Definition
Term
Morphine
Definition
Term
INDEX
Definition
Term
Dysphoria
Definition
Term
Euphoria
Definition
Term
Neo-Reichian Massage
Definition
Term
Dopamine
Definition

a neurotransmitter;

one of the catecholamines

Term
Norepinephrine
Definition

one of the catecholamines;

a neurotransmitter found in the brain & in the sympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system

Term
Pain
Definition
Term
Acetic Acid
Definition
Term
Acetylcholinesterase
Definition
Term
Myasthenia Gravis
Definition
Term
Panic
Definition
Term
Panic Disorder
Definition
Term
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Definition
Term
Spider
Definition
Term
Widow
Definition
Term
Acetylcholine Receptor
Definition
Term
Atropa Belladonna
Definition
Term
Catecholamine
Definition
a class of amines that includesthe neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine & epinephrine
Term
Indolamines
Definition
Term
L-DOPA
Definition

the levorotatory form of DOPA; 

the precursor of the catecholamines;

often used to treat Parkinson's diesease because of its effect as a dopamine agonist

Term
Striatum
Definition
Term
AMPT
Definition
a drug that blocks the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase & thus interferes w/ the synthesis of the catecholamines
Term
Amphetamine
Definition
Term
Nucleus Accumbens
Definition
Term
Dopamine Receptor
Definition
Term
Methylphenidate
Definition
a drug that inhibits the reuptake of dopamine
Term
Reserpine
Definition
a drug that interferes w/ the storage of monoamines in synaptic vesticles
Term
Substantia Nigra
Definition
Term
Chlorpromazine
Definition
A drug that reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking dopamine D2 receptors
Term
Epinephrine
Definition

one of the catecholamines;

a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla;

serves also as a neurotransmitter in the brain

Term
5-Hydorxytryptophan
Definition
Term
Fluoxetine
Definition
a drug that inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT
Term
Locus Coeruleus
Definition
a dark-colored group of noradrenergic cell bodies located in the pons near the rostral end of the floor of the fourth ventricle
Term
MDMA
Definition

a drug that serves as a noradrenergetic & serotonergic agonist, also known as "ecstacy";

has excitatory & hallucinogenic effects

Term
Raphe Nuclei
Definition
Term
Serotonin
Definition

an indolamine neurotransmitter;

also called 5-hydroxytryptamine

Term
Tryptophan
Definition
Term
Kainate Receptor
Definition

an ionotropic glutamate receptor that controls a sodium channel;

stimulated by kainic acid

Term
Metabolic Glutamate Receptor
Definition
Term
NMDA Receptor
Definition

a specialized ionotropic glutamate receptor that controls a calcium channel that is normally blocked by Mg2+ ions;

has several other binding sites

Term
Glutamate
Definition

an amino acid; 

the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Term
Cajal-Retzius (C-R) Cells
Definition

specialized neurons that estabilsh themselves during cortical development in a layer near the terminals of the radial glia, just inside the pia mater;

secrete a chemical that controls the establishment of migrating neurons in the layers of the cortex

Term
Fornix
Definition

a fiber bundle that connects the hippocampus w/ other parts of the brain, including the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus;

part of the limbic system

Term
Mammillary Bodies
Definition

a protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus, containing some hypothalamic nuclei;

part of the limbic system

Term
Projection Fiber
Definition
an axon of a neuron in 1 region of the brain whose terminals form synapses w/ neurons in another region
Term
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
Definition
a class of enzymes that destroy the monoamines: dopamine, norepinephrine & serotonin
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