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Exam 1
Symbols, Horizon of Meaning, definitions of Religion.
80
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
09/14/2011

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Cards

Term
Conflict Model (religion)
Definition
Science and Religion are at war and Religion is always right.
Term
Conflict Model (science)
Definition
Science and Religion are at war and Science is always right.
Term
Independent Model
Definition
Science and Religion are different and don't really interact with each other.
Term
Integration Model/Complementary Model
Definition
Science and Religion compliment each other; both ways of thinking are necessary in order to full understand the world.
Term
Science
Definition
Set of methods designed to understand observable and measurable phenomena in a certain way.
Term
Empiricism
Definition
The primary source of our knowledge is the physical senses.
Term
Predictibility
Definition
The physical world is orderly, existing in stable cause and effect relationships.
Term
Objectivity
Definition
We can study the physical world outside of us without a subjective bias.
Term
Unity
Definition
The world is unified such that laws hold in one place, also hold in other similar places.
Term
James Martineau
Definition
Belief in an everliving God, that is, in a Divine Mind and will ruling the universe and holding moral relations with [hu]mankind.
Term
Normative
Definition
Establishes the rule
Term
Rudulf Otto
Definition
Religion is that which grows out and gives expression to, experience of the holy in its various aspects.
Term
Immanuel Kant
Definition
Religion is the recognition of all our [ethical] duties as divine commmands.
Kant identifies religion with ethical obligations, Religion is a way of looking at ethics.
Term
Paul Tillich
Definition
Religion is the state of being grasped by an ultimate concern, a concern which qualifies all other concerns as preliminary and which itself contains the answer to the question of the meaning of our life.
Term
John Hick
Definition
Religion centers upon an awareness and response to a reality that transcends ourselves and our world whether the direction of transcendance be beyond or within or both...this object is characterized more generally as a cosmic power, or more specifically as a personal God.
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
Religion is an infantile illusion.
Term
James Livingston
Definition
Religion is that a system of activities and beliefs directed toward and in response to that which is perceived to be of sacred value and transforming power.
Term
Signs and Symbols
Definition
Forms of expressing meaning (they point beyond themselves).
Term
Symbolic Capacity
Definition
Distinction between more signaling and human symbolizing.
Term
Signs
Definition
Symptoms or natural reminders (indicates existance)
Term
Symbols
Definition
Special kinds of signs (Talking ABOUT existing things)
Term
Representational Symbols
Definition
Tie together things and distinct even when there may not be any natural or symptoms in connection with the symbols and the thing symbolized.
Term
Madras
Definition
Disclosed aspects of the Budda Spirit.
Term
Mantras
Definition
Chanting.
Term
First Order Religious Discourse
Definition
Richly metaphoric.
Term
Second Order Religious Discourse
Definition
More abstract.
Term
Crucifex
Definition
Master symbol.
Term
Metaphor
Definition
Distinctive form of symbolic communication.
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
Religion is a realistic story created and disseminated by the wealthy and powerful to justify the status quo to the poor and weak in order to inhibit the poor and weak from rebelling against the status quo. Religion is the sign of the oppressed creature; the opiate of the masses.
Term
2000 B.C.E.
Definition
Most religions up to this point were animistic or polytheistic.
Term
Sky Gods
Definition
Zeus-Head of Greek Pantheon.
Term
Monarchial Polytheism
Definition
A form of polytheism, as seen in Homer, featuring one triumphant and superior God.
Term
Neolithic Age
Definition
Discovery of agriculture radically changed the nature of religious life from that of the previous era of Paleolithic hunters.
Term
Cult of Isis-Osiris
Definition
Associated as it was with the themes of deaths and rebirth, had deep human appeal and spread far beyond Egypt.
Term
Myth of Tammaz Ishtar
Definition
Personifies the ceaseless movement of the seasons, life coming to fruitio, its decline in the summer heat, its death, and its restoration again in the spring time.
Term
Sa`kti Cults
Definition
Render devotion to all that is associated with the eternal female, which often is perceived as THE active principle of the universe.
Term
The Sacred
Definition
Ultimate Reality-GOD.
Term
Profane
Definition
Common, ordinary experience
Term
Purity
Definition
A condition of being pured, clean unblemished.
Term
Defilement
Definition
Pollution, impurity, dirty.
Term
Taboo
Definition
Something to be avoided (usually accompanied by visceral (dislike).
Ex) VIsceral sense of disgust.
Term
Heirophany
Definition
Manifestation of the Holy/Sacred.
Term
Examples of Heirophany
Definition
Arjuna's vision of Vishnu (Hindu-Baghavad Gita) Hinduism.
Term
Examples of Heirophany
Definition
Visions in Bible; Isiah.
Term
Axis Mundi
Definition
Center of the world.
Term
Examples of Axis Mundi
Definition
Mount Zion (Jerusalem), Golgotha (Jerusalem), the Ka'ba (Mecca)
Term
Buddhist holy places
Definition
Stupa; Pagoda.
Term
Ka'ba
Definition
Most sacred place to Muslims.
Term
Imago Mundi
Definition
Image of an original world order "backward vision".
Term
Example of Imago Mundi
Definition
Garden of Eden.
Term
Example of Imago Mundi
Definition
Garden of Eden.
Term
Religious Symbol
Definition
A word, image, place, thing, etc., which mediates the sacred/holy.
Term
Myth
Definition
Explains or legitimates phenemenon/societys basic values.
Term
Doctrine
Definition
Second order (reflective) conceptual interpretation. Explains what myth means.
Term
Cosmology
Definition
Structure of the World.
Term
Religious Ritual
Definition
An agreed-on and formalized pattern of ceremonial movements and verbal expressions carried out in a sacred context.
Term
Pervasive types of rituals
Definition
Seasonal rituals; life cycle rituals; rites of passage.
Term
Summer Solstice
Definition
Triumph; victory; strength.
Term
Fall
Definition
Harvest, old age, knowing we're headed to long, dense nights.
Term
Scripture
Definition
Written text. Conveys sacred meaning.
Term
Hermeneutics
Definition
Principles for interpreting sacred texts.
Term
Transformative Effect
Definition
Interpretive meaning. Ex) Jews and Christians.
Vocalization and Sound. Ex) Quran, Vedas, Sutras.
Term
Vedas
Definition
Indian/Hindu scripture.
Term
Upanishads
Definition
Indian/Hindu scripture.
Term
Qu`ran
Definition
Muslim.
Term
Hadith
Definition
Muslim scripture.
Term
Torah
Definition
Jewish scripture.
Term
Analects
Definition
Confucian scripture.
Term
Iching
Definition
Confucian scripture.
Term
Sutras
Definition
Buddhist scripture
Term
Dharma
Definition
Teaching.
Term
Canon
Definition
A list of authorative texts. (Scriptures)
Term
Sutra on the 4 reliances
Definition
1. Dharma is the refuge, not the man.
2. The meaning is the refuge, not the letter.
3. Those sutras which are direct in meaning are the refuge, not those which are in direct in meaning.
4. Direct intuition is the refuge, not discursive thought.
Term
Dualism
Definition
Belief that the physical world is made of two fundamental realities and these realities are complimentary.
Term
Legitimating something
Definition
Religious institution tells me to do something ex) because Jesus did it. Jesus legitimates praying before meals because he did it.
Term
System of meaning
Definition
Set of practices and beliefs which are predictable related. (Interconnections that we can predict) ex) families, institutions, judicial systems, money, economics).
Term
Meanings
Definition
feeling, behavior, etc. ex) pass the salt-cognitive behavior.
Term
Social Construction
Definition
Human beings create meanings; we create them and believe something oustide the dome has told us what to do.
Term
Unreflective Experience
Definition
Hasn't thought about why things are the way they are. They just participate.
Term
Reflective Experience
Definition
Questioned why they are participating in something and why the world is the way it is.
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