Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam 1
questions of the day and review (Dr. K's class)
88
Anatomy
Graduate
01/21/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Where is and what is the importance of the triangle of auscultation?
Definition

It is bordered by the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and rhomboid major (on the back). 

Important for listening to sounds of the lungs.

Term
Which artery accompanies the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?
Definition
Transverse cervical artery
Term
Name all muscles innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
Definition
Levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor
Term
Name the one unique feature of cervical vertebrae that can't be found on all the other vertebrae.
Definition
Transverse foramen
Term
What is the innervation and blood supple to the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Definition

Long thoracic nerve

Lateral thoracic artery

Term

What is another name for dorsal rami of the spinal nerve C1?

C2?

Definition

C1 = Suboccipital nerve

C2 = Greater occipital nerve

Term
What is cauda equina?
Definition
Collection of ventral and dorsal roots in the lower vertebral canal
Term
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
Definition

(SITS)

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

Term
List the contents of the suboccipital triangle
Definition

Vertebral artery

Suboccipital nerve

Term
What is the relationship of the suprascapular artery and nerve to the superior transverse scapular ligament?
Definition

Artery goes over the ligament

Nerve goes under the ligament

(Army over Navy)

Term
What is the action of the pectoralis major muscle?
Definition

Adduction

Medial rotation

Extension

Term
Name the two superficial veins of the upper extremity and what vein do they each open into?
Definition

Cephalic vein -> Axillary vein

Basilic vein -> brachial vein

Term
What structures are enclosed in teh axillary sheath?
Definition

Axillary artery

Axillary vein

Lateral cord

Medial cord

Posterior cord

Term
From what cord levels does the brachial plexus branch and what are the 5 main nerves that supply the muscles of the arm?
Definition

Lateral cord -> Musculocutaneous and median n.

Medial cord -> Median and Ulnar n.

Posterior cord -> Radial and axillary n.

Term
What arteries branch from 1st part of axillary artery, 2nd part of axillary artery, and 3rd part of axillary artery?
Definition

1st part -superior thoracic

2nd part - thoracoacromial

lateral thoracic

3rd part - subscapular

Ant. Circ. Hum. a

Post. Circ. Hum. a

(Sixties Teens Love Sex And Pot)

Term

Which artery accompanies the...

1. thoracodorsal n

2. long thoracic n

3. lateral pectoral n

Definition

1. thoracodorsal a

2. lateral thoracic a

3. pectoral branch of thoracoacromial

Term
Where does the main artery of the arm usually split and what are the two branches?
Definition

(Brachial artery)

Splits at cubital fossa

Branches = Radial and ulnar a.

Term
What structures occupy the radial groove of the humerus?
Definition

radial n. and deep artery of the arm

(aka profunda brachii a.)

Term
Which rotator cuff muscles are innervated by a nerve from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? Name them.
Definition

Teres minor - axillary n

Subscapularis - upper and lower subscapular n

Term
What is the origin of the nerve which passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Definition
(ulnar nerve) from median cord
Term

1.       Name the muscle in the flexor compartment that has dual innervations.   What are the two nerves and what are their origins?

Definition

a.       Flexor digitorum profundus – innervated by median and ulnar nerves

b.      Median – lateral and medial; ulnar – medial

Term
What are the four structures located in the carpal tunnel?
Definition

a.       Median nerve

b.      4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

c.       4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

d.      Tendon of flexor pollicis longus

Term

 What are the borders of the anatomical snuff box?

Definition

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus tendons

Term

What and where are the areas of innervation for the following nerves:

a. Anterior interosseous

b. Posterior interosseous

Definition

a.       Anterior interosseous – arises from the median nerve and innervates flexor muscles of forearm

b.      Posterior interosseous – arises from the radial nerve and innercates extensor muscles of forearm

Term

What muscles....

a. Abduct the hand?

b. Supinate the forearm?

c. Flex the fingers in the distal IP joints?

Definition

a.       Abduct the hand? – radial extensors and flexors

b.      Supinate the forearm? – biceps brachii and supinator

c.       Flex the fingers in the distal IP joints? – flexor digitorum profundus 

Term
Describe a typical cervical vertebra.
Definition

"The Fox"

-transverse foramen (vertebral a)

-bifid spinous process

-small, rectangular body

-triangular vertebral foramen

Term
What unique features do the atlas and axis have that other vertebra don't?
Definition

Atlas - no body, post and ant arch, no spinous process

Axis - odontoid process (dens)

Term
Describe a typical thoracic vertebra?
Definition

"The Giraffe"

-costal facets on body and transverse process

-long, downward spinous body

-small, circular vertebral foramen

-heart shaped body

 

Term
Describe a typical lumbar vertebra.
Definition

"The Moose"

-short, wide spinous process

-long, thin transverse processes

-large, kidney shaped body

-short, strong pedicle

-triangular vertebral foramen

Term
What is the sacral canal and what is within it?
Definition

Canal that is continuous with vertebral cana

Made up of fused sacral vertebra
Contains: cauda equina and filum terminale 

Term
What are the primary curves of the vertebral column? Secondary curves?
Definition

Primary - thoracic and sacral

Secondary - cervical and lumbar

Term

What is kyphosis?

Lordosis?

Scoliosis?

Definition

Kyphosis - exagerated thoracic curve

Lordosis- exagerated lumbar curve

Scoliosis - abnormal lateral curvature in thoracic or lumbar region

Term

What are the two parts of the IV discs?

What is their function? 

Where is the only place there is no IV disc?

Definition

Nucleus  pulposis and annulus fibrosis;

Absorbs shock, accounts for 25% length, limits rotation.

Between C1 and C2

Term

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament? 

Function of the ligamentum flavum?

Definition

Prevents Hyperextension

 

Preserves normal curvature and assists with straightening after flexing

Term
What type of joint is found between the skull and atlas? Between the atlas and axis?
Definition

Atlanto-occipital joint aka "Yes" joint

 

Atlanto-axial joint aka "No" joint

Term

What are the superficial back muscles?

Intermediate back muscles?

Innervation?

Definition

Trapezius (accessory), Lats (thoracodorsal), Rhomboids (dorsal scapular), and levator scapulae (dorsal scapular)

 

Serratus posterior superior and inferior (intercostal n)

Term
What is the innervation to all the deep/true back muscles?
Definition
dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Term

What are the borders of the suboccipital triangle?

What are the contents?

Definition

Borders: rectus capitis major, superior oblique, and inferior oblique.

 

Contains: vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve

Term
How many spinal nerves are there? Where is the end of spinal cord in the adult?
Definition

31

Between L1/L2

Term

what is the filum terminale internum?

Filum terminale externum?

Definition

Extension of pia mater

Extension of dura mater

Term
What is the difference between roots and rami?
Definition

Roots have ONLY sensory or motor

Rami have MIXED sensory and motor

Term
what are the three spinal meninges in order from outside to inside?
Definition
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Term

Where is the epidural space?

Subdural space?

Subarachnoid space?

 

Definition

Between bone and dura mater (above dura mater)

-Real space

Between dura mater and arachnoid (Below dura mater)

-Potential space

Between arachnoid and pia mater (below arachnoid mater)

-Real space with CSF

Term
What are teh innervations for the rotator cuff muscles?
Definition

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus - suprascapular n

Teres minor - axillary n

Subscapularis - upper and lower subscapular nn.

Term

What muscles form the anterior axillary fold?

The posterior axillary fold?

Definition

Pectoralis major

Lats dorsi and teres major

Term
List the contents of the axilla.
Definition

-axillary artery and branches

-axillary vein and tributaries

-brachial plexus

-axillary lymph vessels and nodes

-biceps brachii and coracobrachialis

Term

What arteries form the scapular loop?

The humeral loop?

Definition

Suprascrapular, dorsal scapular, circumflex scapular a.

 

Ant and Post Circumflex humeral aa., Profundus brachii a. 

Term
What cord does the musculocutaneous originate from and what muscles does it innervate?
Definition

-lateral cord

-biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis

 

Term

What cord does the median originate from and what muscles does it innervate?

Definition

-lateral and medial cord

-anterior group of forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundus), thenar muscles, and first 2 lumbricals)

Term

What cord does the ulnar originate from and what muscles does it innervate?

Definition

-medial cord

-flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundum, small muscles of hand (except thenar and first 2 lumbricals)

Term

What cord does the axillary originate from and what muscles does it innervate?

Definition

-posterior cord

-deltoid and teres minor

Term

What cord does the radial originate from and what muscles does it innervate?

Definition

-posterior cord

-posterior group of arm and forearm

Term
What can be found in the 1.deltopectoral triangle? 2.Quadrangular space? 3.Triangular interval?
Definition

1.cephalic vein and deltoid branch of thoracoacromial

2. axillary nerve and posterior circ. hum. a. and v.

3. deep brachial a and radial n

Term
What is the difference between a nucleus and ganglion?
Definition

Nucleus - collection of neuron cell bodies with in CNS

 

Ganglion - collection of neuron cell bodies outside CNS

Term
What are the two groups of peripheral nerves and how many are there?
Definition

12 cranial nerves

31 spinal nerves

Term
What are teh 4 main functional and what do they transmit?
Definition

GSA - pain, temp, touch, pressure and kinesthesia from body to CNS

GSE - motor impulses to sk. muscles of body from CNS

GVA - convey sensory impulses from BVs, walls of guts, mucous membranes, and glands

GVE - autonomic nerves, motor impulses to sm. muscles, c. muscles, and glands

Term
List the major differences between the Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System.
Definition
Somatic Nervous System: controls skeletal muscle, involves 1 neuron, response to external environment
ANS: controls smooth/cardiac muscle, glands, involves 2 neurons, response to internal environment
Term
What are the two divisions of the ANS, where are the cell bodies located and what is their function? What are the major differences?
Definition
Sympathetic: cells bodies in lateral horn of thoracic and upper lumbar, Fight or flight response, short preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber
Parasympathetic: cell bodies in cranio-sacral regions, Rest and regenerate response, long preganglionic fiber, short postganglionic fiber


Term
Describe the 4 different routes preganglionic sympathetic fibers can take.
Definition
1. Synapse in paravertebral ganglion at same level
2. Travel UP and synapse at a higher paravertebral ganglion
3. Travel DOWN and synapse at a lower paravertebral ganglion
4. Pass through the paravertebral ganglion (WITHOUT synapsing) and synapse in the prevertebral ganglia (Splanchnic nerves)
**Remember, there are gray rami communicantes at EVERY level of the spinal cord, BUT there are NO white rami communicantes ABOVE T1 and BELOW L2/L3!!
Term
How to GVA fibers return to the spinal cord?
Definition
GVA fibers return to the spinal cord through the same nerves that carry GVE fibers to the organs/glands.
**Remember, if we tag a nerve that carries GVE, there will also be GVA.  If we tag a cutaneous (GSA) nerve, there will ALWAYS also be GVE to arrector pili m., blood vessels, and sweat glands!!


Term
List the 4 muscles of the extensor compartment that attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Definition

1. extensor carpi radialis brevis

2. extensor digitorum

3. extensor digiti minimi

4. extensor carpi ulnaris

Term
What artery can be found between two heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle?
Definition
radial a
Term
How many palmar interosseus muscles are there and what is their functin and innervation?
Definition

adducts (3 PAD)

deep branch of ulnar n

Term
How many dorsal interosseus muscles are tehre and what is their action and innervation?
Definition

4

abducts (4DAB)

deep branch of ulnar n

Term
List all muscles innervated by the recurrent branch of the Median nerve.
Definition

(thenar muscles)

-Abductor pollicis brevis

-Flexor pollicis brevis

-Opponens pollicis

Term
What artery forms the majority of the deep palmar arch?
Definition
Radial a
Term
What artery gives rise to common palmar digital arteries?
Definition
ulnar a
Term
What supplies the anterior end of the intercostal space (Be specific)
Definition

Anterior intercostal branches of the internal thoracic artery

Term
List the divisions of the internal thoracic
Definition

superior epigastric artery 

musculophrenic artery

Term
Define mediastinum and list it's contents.
Definition

The region between the two pleural cavities. 

 

Contents: heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and other structures that pass to or from the head and neck

Term
What is the ligament that extends inferior to the root of the lung?
Definition
Pulmonary ligament
Term
What are the six structures found in the hilum of the lung?
Definition

1. pulmonary artery

2. bronchial artery

3. main bronchus

4. bronchpulmonary lymph nodes

5. superior pulmonary veins

6. inferior pulmonary veins

Term
List the 8 carpal bones, starting from teh proximal row on the lateral side. 
Definition
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (*Make sure you can ID these on the x-ray!)
Term
List the muscles of the flexor compartment of the arm, their innervation and blood supply. Extensor compartment?
Definition
Muscles: Biceps brachii (long & short head), Coracobrachialis, Brachialis
Innervation: Musculocutaneous n.   Blood Supply: Brachial a.
Extensor muscles: Triceps (long, lateral & medial head)
Innervation: Radial n.   Blood Supply: Profunda Brachii a. (branch of Brachial)
Term
What is the innervation and blood supply to the flexor compartment of the forearm? Extensor compartment?
Definition
Flexors: Innervation: Median & Ulnar n.   Blood Supply: Radial & Ulnar a.
Extensors: Innervation: Radial n.      Blood Supply: Posterior Interosseus a.
Term
What is the one unique muscle of the forearm that doesn't fit it either compartment? What's its blood supply and innervation?
Definition
Brachioradialis- Radial n. and Radial a.
Term
List the borders of the cubital fossa. What are the contents?
Definition
Medially: Pronator Teres   Laterally: Brachioradialis
Roof: deep fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin
Floor: Supinator (laterally) & Brachialis (medially)
Contents: Median n., bifurcation of Brachial a. into Radial/Ulnar a., deep veins, tendon of Biceps Brachii, (deep) Radial n. and branches
*Superficially: Median cubital v., Medial/Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves
Term
What muscles are in the 4 compartments of the hand and what is their innervation? (Be specific)
Definition
1) Thenar Compartment: Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Opponens Pollicis   *Innervation: Recurrent branch of Median n.
2) Adductor Compartment: Adductor Pollicis   *Innervation: deep branch of Ulnar n.
3) Hypothenar Compartment: Abductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi, Opponens Digiti Minimi  *Innervation: deep branch of Ulnar n.
4) Central Compartment: Lumbricals   *Innervation: digital branches of Median n. (1st/2nd), deep branch of Ulnar n. (3rd/4th)
3 PAD, 4 DAB Interosseus muscles   *Innervation: deep branch of Ulnar n.
Term
List the contents of the carpal tunnel. What covers them (lays superficial to them)?
Definition
Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis/Profundus, Median n., Tendon of Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Retinaculum overlays them
Term
List the borders of the anatomical snuff box. What artery can be found here?
Definition
Anteriorly/Laterally: Extensor Pollicis Brevis, Abductor Pollicis Longus
Posteriorly/Medially: Extensor Pollicis Longus
*Radial a. lies deep in the anatomical snuff box
Term
Describe the supply to each of the palmar arches.
Definition
Superficial Palmar Arch: Mostly Ulnar a. with a little of the Radial a.
Deep Palmar Arch: Mostly Radial a. with a little of Ulnar a.
Term
What are the two superficial veins of the arm? Which is medial/lateral? What vein connects them over the cubital fossa?
Definition
Cephalic (lateral) & Basilic (medial)
Connected by the Median Cubital v. over the cubital fossa
Term
What are the two types of joints found in the body? Describe them.
Definition
Synovial: has a cavity, freely movable
Solid: no cavity, immovable or slightly movable
Term
List the typical features of a synovial joint.
Definition

  *articular cartilage (hyaline) covering the bone ends (avascular/aneural)
*joint cavity (potential space) with small amount of synovial fluid
*articular/joint capsule
            -inner synovial membrane (produces fluid for lubrication)
            -outer fibrous membrane (highly innervated)

Term
What are some additional structures found in synovial joints and where can you find them?
Definition
*articular disc (fibrocartilage) improves fit between bones (TMJ, wrist)
*menisci (fibrocartilage) improves fit between bones (knee joint)
*fat pads – between synovial membrane and fibrous capsule (knee/elbow)
*bursae/tendon sheaths – reduce friction, contain synovial membrane (shoulder/elbow)
*glenoid labrum (fibrocartilage) deepens the cavity (shoulder)
Term
Describe the different types of synovial joints and list an example of each.
Definition
*plane joint (acromioclavicular, sacroiliac)
*hinge joint (knee/elbow, interphalangeal joint)
*saddle joint (carpometacarpal at base of the thumb)
*condyloid joint (radiocarpal, MP, atlanto-occipital)
*pivot joint (atlanto-axial, proximal/distal radioulnar)
*ball and socket joint (shoulder, hip)
Term
What are the two classifications of solid joints? Describe the different types of each classification.
Definition

    Fibrous:
            - sutures (found in the skull)
            -syndesmoses (interosseus membrane between radius & ulna)
            -gomphoses (teeth, involves periodontal ligaments)
Cartilaginous:
            -synchondroses (epiphyseal plate, joint between 1st rib & sternum)
            -symphyses (IV discs, pubic symphysis)

Term
Describe the vasculature and innervation of joints.
Definition

   Same as the muscles that cross and move the joint, most arteries form collateral circulation around the joints

Supporting users have an ad free experience!