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Exam 11
hallucinogens, sex hormones, toxicology
70
Pharmacology
Graduate
04/10/2015

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Term
lysergic and diethylamide (LSD)
Definition
indole hallucinogen--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions
Term
psilocybin and psilocin
Definition
indole hallucinogen in mushrooms--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions
Term
bufotenin
Definition
indole hallucinogen in mushrooms and toads--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions
Term
ibogaine
Definition
indole hallucinogen in african shrub--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions
Term
mescaline
Definition
phenylethylamine hallucinogen in peyote cactus--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions
Term
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy)
Definition
phenylethylamine hallucinogen w/ amphetamine like effects--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions
Term
phencyclidine (PCP; angel dust; KETAMINE)
Definition
hallucinogen/stimulant at high doses--NMDA antagonist (trippin) --psychotic rxns, hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, hypertension, VERTICAL NYSTAGMUS
Term
salvia
Definition
hallucinogenic, salvinorin A--kappa opioid agonist and D2 agonist
Term
kratom
Definition
stimulant/pain reliever--mu opioid agonist (self directed pain management and opioid withdrawal, abused)
Term
rivastigmine (exelon)
Definition
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor--increases Ach in nucleus basalis of meynert (alzheimers) --cholinergic effects
Term
donepezil (aricept)
Definition
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor--increases Ach in nucleus basalis of meynert (alzheimers) --less cholinergic effects
Term
memantine (namenda)
Definition
NMDA antagonist in hippocampus and frontal cortex--prevents glutamate cytotoxicity (alzheimers)
Term
vitamin E (alpha-tocophenol)
Definition
antioxidant--reduce degenerative changes and slow progression of alzheimers
Term
seligiline/deprenyl (eldepryl)
Definition
antioxidant--MAO inhibitor that may reduce degenerative changes and slow progression of alzheimers
Term
riluzole (rilutek)
Definition
NMDA antagonist--inhibits glutamate toxicity and slows progression of ALS
Term
methylphenidate (ritalin)
Definition
stimulant amphetamine--stimulates release and inhibits reuptake of NE and DA (mainstay for ADHD) --sympathomimetic, tremors, appetite suppresion
Term
d-amphetamine, d,l-amphetamine (adderall)
Definition
mixture of amphetamine salts--stimulates release and inhibits reuptake of NE and DA (ADHD) --sympathomimetic, tremors, appetite suppression
Term
atomoxatine (straterra)
Definition
NE reuptake inhibitor (ADHD) --non-stimulating, hepatotoxic
Term
ethinyl estradiol
Definition
estrogen in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders
Term
estradiol valerate
Definition
estrogen in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders
Term
levonorgestrel
Definition
progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders
Term
desogestrel
Definition
progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders
Term
norgestimate
Definition
progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders
Term
drospirenone
Definition
progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders, aldosterone antagonist activity
Term
norethindrone
Definition
progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders
Term
norethindrone (micronor; nor-Q.D)
Definition
oral progestin only tablets "minipills"--increased viscosity of cervical mucous, inhospitable uterus for implantation (women who want contraceptives but have contraindications for estrogen use or are lactating) --not as effective as COC's
Term
medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo-provera, depo-subQ provera 104)
Definition
IM or subQ injection of progestin every 3mo--inhibits ovulation (contraception) --contraindicated in patients w/ osteoporosis, subQ can be self administered but much more expensive
Term
etonogestrel (implanon)
Definition
subdermal progestrin rod (contraceptive) --3yrs
Term
copper (paraguard)
Definition
intrauterine device--prevents fertilization, implantation, sperm transport (10yr contraceptive) --PID
Term
levonorgestrel (mirena, skyla)
Definition
intrauterine progestin device--prevents ovulation, implantation, sperm transport (5yr contraceptive) --PID
Term
levonorgestrel (plan B kit, next choice)
Definition
plan B is 1tab, next choice is 2tabs progestin--inhibits ovulation, decreases implantation, decreases corpus luteum activity, inhibits sperm transport (emergency contraception) --must be taken within 120hrs post intercourse, N/V
Term
unipristal acetate (ella)
Definition
progesterone antagonist/partial agonist--inhibits ovulation (emergency contraception)
Term
conjugated equine estrogens (premarin)
Definition
Estrogen replacement therapy (vasomotor symptoms of menopause, vaginal atrophy/dryness) --thromboembolism
Term
conjugated equine estrogens + medroxyprogesterone acetate (prempro)
Definition
Hormone replacement therapy--estrogen+progesterone (vasomotor symptoms of menopause, vaginal atrophy/dryness) --thromboembolism
Term
raloxifene hydrochloride (evista)
Definition
estrogen agonist on bone receptors--inhibits proliferation of osteoclasts, increases transforming growth factor B3, decreases IL-6 (osteoporosis, breast cancer prophylaxis) --vasomotor SE's, thromboembolism
Term
clomiphene (clomid, serophene)
Definition
anti-estrogen--inhibits neg. feedback of estrogen on hypothalamus increasing FSH and LH (female infertility) --hot flashes, multiple pregnancies, ovarian cysts, blurred vision, ovarian cancer
Term
leuprolide acetate (lupron depot IM, lupron subq)
Definition
GnRH agonist--decreases androgen production (androgen dependent prostate cancer mainly, also endometriosis, precocious puberty) --impotence and decreased lipido
Term
menotropins (pergonal)
Definition
LH and FSH isolated from postmenopausal women--induce ovulation in infertile women, stimulate spermatogenesis in males (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) --ovarian enlargement, multiple gestations
Term
chorionic gonadotropin (pregnyl)
Definition
hCG from urine of pregnant women (prepubertal cryptochidism, spermatogenesis in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, induce ovulation) --multiple gestations
Term
AndroGel
Definition
transdermal testosterone (hypogonadism, testosterone deficiency, male senescence/ANDRO-pause, athletic enhancement) --cardiovascular events
Term
androderm
Definition
transdermal testosterone (hypogonadism, testosterone deficiency, male senescence/ANDRO-pause, athletic enhancement) --cardiovascular events
Term
finasteride (proscar, propecia)
Definition
type II 5-alpha reductase inhibitor--decreases conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (BPH, male pattern baldness) --impotence
Term
dutasteride (avodart)
Definition
type I and II 5-alpha reductase inhibitor--decreases conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (BPH) --impotence
Term
oxytocin (pitocin, syntocinon)
Definition
--increases Calcium w/i endometrial smooth muscle, increases PGE (induction of labor contractions, reduce postpartum hemorrhage, abortion) --decrease BP, tachy, antidiuretic
Term
dinoprostone (prepidil, cervidil, prostin E2)
Definition
PGE2--increases secretion of collagenase, increase Ca in smooth muscle (stimulate uterine contractions, softening and dilation of cervix, abortion) --N/V
Term
carboprost tromethamine (hemabate)
Definition
15-methyl PGF2-alpha--increases secretion of collagenase, increase Ca in smooth muscle (unresponsive postpartum bleeding, 2nd tri abortion)
Term
misoprostol (cytotec)
Definition
PGE1 analog--increases secretion of collagenase, increase Ca in smooth muscle (early termination of pregnancy) --in combo w/ mifepristone
Term
ergonovine maleate (ergotrate)
Definition
ergot alkaloid--alpha agonist (postpartum/postabortion hemorrhage) --hypertension, N/V/D
Term
methylergonovine maleate (methergine)
Definition
ergot alkaloid--alpha agonist (postpartum/postabortion hemorrhage) --not as much hypertension, N/V/D
Term
mifepristone-RU486 (mifeprex)
Definition
antiprogestin--detachment of the products of conception, sensitizes uterus to PGE (abortion) --used before misoprostol
Term
indomethacin (indocin)
Definition
prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor (delay labor) --premature closure of PDA, oligohydramnios
Term
nifedipine (procardia, adalat)
Definition
Ca channel blocker--decreases Ca influx into endometrial smooth muscle (delay labor)
Term
activated charcoal (charcoAid, liqui-char)
Definition
non-specific chelator --limits absorption (toxin ingestion) --must be w/i 4hrs of ingestion
Term
polyethylene glycol, PEG-3350 (glycoLax, miraLax)
Definition
bowel irrigation (toxin ingestion, lithium)
Term
fomepizole (anitzol)
Definition
alcohol dehydrogenase inhitor (methanol/ethylene glycol intoxication)
Term
hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit)
Definition
combines w/ cyanide to produce vit. B12
Term
pralidoxime, 2-PAM (protopam chloride)
Definition
reactivates acetylcholinesterase (organophosphate/nerve antitoxin) --must be given immediately
Term
EDTA (disotate, endrate)
Definition
metal chelator (severe lead poisoning) --nephrotoxic, chills, fever, N/V
Term
succimer (chemet)
Definition
metal chelator (lead, arsenic, mercury poisoning)
Term
organophosphate insecticides/nerve agents
Definition
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor--SLUDGE, death w/ resp failure --treat w/ 2-PAM
Term
methanol (wood alcohol)
Definition
windshield washer or paint remover--metabolized to formaldehyde causing CNS depression, blindness, metabolic acidosis--give bicarb and fomepizole
Term
ethylene glycol
Definition
antifreeze--metabolized to oxalic acid causing hypocalcemia, CNS depression, renal crystals/oxalicaciduria--give Calcium and fomepizole
Term
arsenic
Definition
water supply--binds sulhydryl groups causing oxidative stress and disrupting proteins, causes rice water diarrhea, and garlic breath acutely, hyerkeratosis/exfoliative dermatitis chronically--give succimer
Term
lead
Definition
paint chips or contaminated water--molecular mimicry of other metals and inhibits Hgb synth., causes hypochromic microcytic anemia, weak wrist and ankle extensors, encephalopathy, colic, gout--give succimer, dexamethasone for encephalopathy, can also give EDTA
Term
methylmercury
Definition
contaminated fish and grain by fungicide--increases intra Calcium and binds metallothionein causing ataxia, blindness, deafness--give succimer
Term
carbon monoxide
Definition
product of combustion--out competes O2 for heme binding and decreases dissociation of O2 from heme causing HA, dizziness, death--put in hyperbaric oxygen
Term
cyanide
Definition
present in smoke and industrial byproducts--binds cytochrome oxidase inhibiting ETC causing bitter almond breath, LOC, seizures, coma--give hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit) produces vit B12 in presence of CN-
Term
asbestos
Definition
filamentous silica in old building materials, causes pleural effusions and mesothelioma lung cancer 15 yrs post exposure
Term
PCB's/dioxin
Definition
flame retardants, plasticizers, insulation, herbicides--causes chloracne
Term
bisphenol A
Definition
water bottles, plastic lined cans--SE's are unknown but possibly neural and behavioral issues
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