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Exam 1 Review
Chapter 3
25
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/07/2008

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Term
Subliminal perception
Definition
the perception of stimuli that are below the threshold of conscious awareness
Term
Weber's Law
Definition
a principle of sensation that holds that the size of the just noticeable difference will vary depending on its relation to the strength of the original stimulus. (pebble + pebble = noticable; heavy rock + pebble = not)
Term
Gestalt Principles of Organization; the Law of Similarity
Definition
the tendency to perceive objects of a similar size, shape, or color as a unit or figure.
Term
Gestalt Principles of Organization; The Law of Closure
Definition
the tendency to fill in gaps in an incomplete image
Term
Gestalt Principles of Organization; the Law of Good Continuation
Definition
the tendency to group elements that appear to follow in the same direction as a single unit or figure.
Term
Gestalt Principles of Organization; The Law of Proximity
Definition
the tendency to perceive objects that are close to one another as a single unit.
Term
Monocular Cues
Definition
Relative Size, Overlap, Aerial Perspective, Texture Gradient, Linear Perspective, Motion Parallax.
Term
Relative Size
Definition
if two ore more objects are assumed to be similar in size, the object that appears larger is perceived as being closer
Term
Overlap
Definition
when one object partially blocks or obscures the view of another object, the partially blocked object is perceived as being farther away. also called interposition
Term
Aerial Perspective
Definition
faraway objects often appear hazy or slightly blurred by the atmosphere.
Term
Texture Gradient
Definition
As a surface with a distinct texture extends into the distance, the detail of the surface texture gradually become less clearly defined. The texture of the surface seems to undergo a gradient, or continuous pattern of change, from crisp and distinct when close to fuzzy and blended when farther away.
Term
Linear Perspective
Definition
parallel lines seem to meet in the distance.
Term
Motion Parallax
Definition
when you are moving, you use the speed of passing objects to estimate the distance of the objects.
Term
Perceptual Constancy
Definition
the tendency to perceive objects, especially familiar objects, as constant and unchanging despite changes in sensory input. (passing car doesn't shrink, gets farther away)
Term
Size Constancy
Definition
the perception of an object as maintaining the same size despite changing images on the retina. (passing car doesn't shrink, gets farther away)
Term
Shape Constancy
Definition
the perception of a familiar object as maintaining the same shape regardless of the image produced on the retina. (Half open door isn't a trapezoid, it's a rectangle)
Term
Perceptual Illusion
Definition
the misperception of the true characteristics of an object or an image
Term
Muller-Lyer Illusion
Definition
a famous visual illusion involving the misperception of the identical length of two lines, one with arrows pointed inward, one with arrows pointed outward
Term
Moon Illusion
Definition
a visual illusion involving the misperception that the moon is larger when it is on the horizon than when it is directly overhead.
Term
Perceptual Set
Definition
The influence of prior assumptions and expectations on perceptual interpretations.
Term
ESP (extrasensory perception)
Definition
Perception of information by some means other than through the normal processes of sensation. (6th sense)
Term
Parapsychology
Definition
the scientific investigation of claims of paranormal phenomena and abilities.
Term
Subliminal Perception
Definition
The perception of stimuli that are below the threshold of conscious awareness
Term
Absolute Threshold
Definition
the smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half the time.
Term
Difference Threshold
Definition
the smallest possible difference between two stimuli that can be detected half the time; also called just noticeable difference
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