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Exam 01
SCAD PSYC 101
43
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
04/16/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Psychology
Definition
Scientific study of mind and behavior
Influenced by Philosophy and Physiology
Term
Nativism
Definition
Certain things in our minds are with us when we are born.

Founder: Plato
Term
Empiricism
Definition
All human knowledge is acquired after birth and learned through experience.

Founder: Aristotle
Term
Phrenology
Definition
Idea that specific mental ideas and characteristics are linked to specific parts of the body

Founder: Gall
Term
Cognitive Neuroscience
Definition
Tries to find the link between the parts of the brain and our minds
Term
Skinner's Idea
Definition
Skinner: your behaviors are illicit by the rewards and consequences in their environment

This suggests that our behavior is driven by outside forces which suggests that we do not have free wil
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
Argued that the mind was not something that could be tested so psychology was not to incorporate the parts of the mind but only behavior. Behaviorism is based on philosophical empiricism
Term
Evolutionary Psychology
Definition
Seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations - that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection. Currently Unproveable
Term
Functionalism
Definition
Study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment

Founder: James
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
Genes and mutation determine natural selection and the advancement of species i.e. survival of the fittest.

Founder: Darwin
Term
Tabula rasa
Definition
blank slate
Term
Dualism
Definition
Mind and body are separate

Founder: Descartes
Term
Broca's Area
Definition
Area of brain linked to speech
Term
Physiology
Definition
Study of biological processes
Term
structuralism
Definition
The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind.

Founder; Wundt
Term
Psychoanalysis
Definition
focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.

Founder: Freud
Term
Hysteria
Definition
Temporary loss of cognitive or
motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences.
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
study of only observable behavior

Founder: Watson
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
consequences of a behavior determine whether it will be more or less likely to occur again
Term
Cognitive Neuroscience
Definition
Attempts to find links between cognition and brain activity
Term
Difference Between Observational Study and Experiment
Definition
Term
Validity
Definition
Characteristic of an observation that allows one to draw accurate inferences from it
Term
Reliablity
Definition
Ability for a measure to be repeated.
Term
Power
Definition
Ability of a measure to display different results for different things
Term
External Validity
Definition
The extent to which you can generalize your results to the outside population
Term
Random Selection
Definition
Selection of subjects randomly with equal chance of any person in population being selected
Term
Demand Characteristics
Definition
Aspects of an observational setting that cause people to behave as they think an observer wants or expects them to behave
Term
Naturalistic observation
Definition
Gathering information by unobtrusively observing subject in natural environment.
Term
Double Blind Observation
Definition
Observation whose true purpose is hidden from the researcher as well as from the participant.
Term
Correlation
Definition
Value of one is systematically related to the value of the other
Term
3rd Variable Correlation
Definition
Two variables are correlated only because they are both caused by third variable.
Term
MMPI
Definition
Study that assesses personality and psychological problems. Drawbacks such as ability of participant to lie and the inability of test to measure all personality attributes accurately
Term
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Definition
Interprets personality based on responses to being shown inkblots. Highly subject and unreliable
Term
Big Five
Definition
conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extroversion.
Term
Psychodynamic approach
Definition
Approach that regards personality as formed by needs,
strivings, and desires, largely operating outside of awareness motives that can also produce emotional disorders
Term
Id, Ego, Superego
Definition
id: Animalistic desires
ego: Logical and practicality
Superego: Morals
Term
Rationalization
Definition
defense mechanism that involves supplying a reasonable-sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings and behavior to conceal (mostly from oneself) one’s underlying motives or feelings.
Term
Sublimation
Definition
Defense mechanism where ill will is channeled into culturally beneficial areas
Term
Identification
Definition
Defense mechanism where one takes role of offender in the future to deal with threat
Term
Displacement
Definition
Defense mechanism where ill will is taken out on something other than offender
Term
Regression
Definition
Defense mechanism where one acts immaturely to deal with threat
Term
Projection
Definition
Defense mechanism where ones ill will is attributed to another group
Term
Reaction Formation
Definition
Defense mechanism where ill will is responded to with positivity
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