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evolution
ch 10-12
64
Biology
10th Grade
10/21/2013

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Term
competation
Definition
two or more organisms competing for same resourse
Term
hybridization
Definition
crossing of two diffrent specie
Term
phenotype
Definition
physcial characteristics
Term
adapation
Definition
slight change to an organisim making it more suitable for survival in an ecosystem
Term
evolution
Definition
the process of change over time becoming more complex
Term
specie
Definition
a group of organisms that have simmilar DNA structure therefore they can reproduce
Term
linnaes
Definition
scientist who created classification system grouping animals acroding to characteristics
Term
buffon
Definition
stated all animals came from shared ansesters, and stated earth must be very old
Term
darwin
Definition
stated all ansester have common ansesters, and developed from less complex organisms
Term
lamark
Definition
all organisms moved toward profection and acquired charicteristics are passed on to offspring
Term
catastrophism
Definition
cyclonic or periodic disasters shaped major geographicial structures
Term
gradualism
Definition
slow changes over time creating current geographical conditions
Term
uniformitarianism
Definition
the process which shape the earth have always been the same and move in cyclonic activities
Term
organisims darwin observed and designed theory around
Definition
finch, and tortouse
Term
what evidences did darwin give to support his observations of finch and tortouse
Definition
1. finches had geographicial seperation based upon beak strength giving them advantage over local foods
2. tortouse neck size were geographicially sepereted and had diffrent sized necks to better suite local food sourse
3. fossil records showed diverse changes in geography
Term
artificial selection
Definition
man designed hybrids based upon desired traits, untill those traits were the only trait availabel making a purebread
Term
natural selection
Definition
inhertance of benificial adapations and sucess in an area due to adaptations making an individual more fit to have offspring
Term
4 proces of natural selection
Definition
1. variation- physcial changes of an organisim making them more fit to a specific area
2. overpopulation- making many offspring so some of them have potential to keep specie going
3. adaptation- small changes allowing for advantage in an ecosystem
4. descent with dodifications- pass on adaptations too offspring
Term
early evidences for darwinian evolution
Definition
1. fossils
2. geography
3. embryology- embyros of many specie look similar
4. anatomy-
a.homologous structures / similar structures in diffrent specie
b anologous structure/ similar function of specie
Term
vestigial organs
Definition
organs that seem to have no purpose in one specie but in another specie same organ is used for specific purpose
Term
paleontology
Definition
study of fossil remains
Term
allele
Definition
sequence of genes that show trait
Term
gene pool
Definition
possiable genetic possibilities for an organism
Term
mutation
Definition
change in DNA structure
Term
normal distribution
Definition
a chart which shows the avrage of a population
Term
micro evolution
Definition
small changes in genetic code which allow for natural selection to be achieved
Term
directional selection
Definition
one specie has favorable advantage in certain instances
Term
stabelizing selection
Definition
a specie avrage has an advantage over oppisite ends of spectrum in the same organisim
Term
disruptive selection
Definition
a specie avrage or standard is at a dissadvantage and ends of spectrum have distinct advantage
Term
bottelneck effect
Definition
genetic drift based upon geogrphic isolation
Term
founder effect
Definition
small group breaks off of main gene pool isolating those genetic specie
Term
sexual selection
Definition
a trait which gives advantage to indivials mating process
Term
hardy winberg equilibrium
Definition
state where population is not changing for five reasons
1. large population
2. no good mutations
3. random mating
4. no emigration or immigration to population
5. no natural selection
Term
formula for hardy winberg
Definition
p2+2pq+q2=1
Term
reproductive isolation
Definition
genetic drift resulting in seperate specie which are unable to reproduce togother
Term
types of reproductive isolation
Definition
1, behavioral- diffrent courtship process seperating individual specie
2. geographic- physcial barrier seperates species
3. temporal isolation- seperete mating periods for diffrent specie
Term
convergent evolution
Definition
two seperate specie evolve simmilar characteristics
Term
divergent evolution
Definition
two simmilar specie evolve in diffrent ways
Term
coevolution
Definition
specie which interact change togother
Term
extinction
Definition
the loss of a specie from earth
Term
punctuated equilibrium
Definition
jumps in evolutionary process
Term
addaptive radiation
Definition
the quick spread of a many species after a catostrophie of some sort
Term
types of fossils
Definition
1. imprent
2. minneral transfer
3. trace fossils
4. tree resign
5. ice or valconic ash
Term
relative dating
Definition
dating methods used to estimate age of fossil
Term
types of dating methods
Definition
1. carbon 12
2. carbon 14
3. uranium
4. chlorine
5. radium
Term
halph life
Definition
decay rate of isotopes used in dating fossils
Term
index fossil
Definition
key fossils used to indicate time period of geologicicial chart
Term
names of eras
Definition
1. cenozoic
2. mesozoic
3. paleozoic
Term
fusulinid
Definition
marine index fossils
Term
hypothesis of early precambrian earth was like
Definition
1. autmosphere made of poisness gasses, very diffrent then today/ called a nebula/
2. the earth is very old
Term
early experiment which simmulated earth autmosphere/ what was produced
Definition
miller urey experiment/ amino acids
Term
cynanobacteria
Definition
single celled organisim that creates oxygen
Term
endosymbosis
Definition
symbiotic relationship involving one organisim living within the other
Term
multicellular organisims first showed up in what era
Definition
paleozoic
Term
fish would have emerged in which period
Definition
devonian
Term
largest dinosour population then extinction
Definition
cretaceous
Term
what is the era/age of mammals
Definition
cenozic
Term
prosimians
Definition
oldest living primate group
Term
anthropoids
Definition
human like primates
Term
huminids
Definition
group of primates which walk upright
Term
bipedal
Definition
walk on 2 legs
Term
first homo group to use tools
Definition
homo habilis
Term
often called cavemen
Definition
homo neanderthalensis
Term
modern man
Definition
homo sapien
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