Shared Flashcard Set

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European People
Review for AP Euro Exam
36
History
10th Grade
03/06/2012

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Jeremy Bentham
Definition
  • goal of society is the greatest good for the greatest number
  • there is a role to play for government intervention to provide some social safety net
 
Term
David Ricardo
Definition
  • "Iron Law of Wages"
  • when wages were high, workers have more children
  • more children create labor surplus that decreases wages
  • no government help for the poor
  • "Law of Free Market" : Industrial through thrift, hard work, and small families will be successful 
Term
Thomas Malthus
Definition
  • fewer babies
  • population growth will outpace food supply
  • war, famine, or disease could all kill population
  • poor should have less children ---> food supply will then keep up with population  
Term
James Watt
Definition
  • puts a condenser on steam engine
  • more efficient
  • steam cars, ships, locomotives 
Term
Thomas Savery
Definition
  • inventes steam engine as a pump 
Term
Charles Dickens
Definition
  • realism was an accurate description of Industrial life in Victorian England 
  • "Oliver Twist"
Term
Tsar Nicolas I
Definition
  • "I don't was to be tsar"
  • power will not be questioned
  • doesn't want change 
  • sends troops to squish Hungarian Revolution
Term
Emperor Franz Joseph I
Definition
  • Hungarian revolution ruler
  • Russians came to squish the rebellion
  • Austrians helped end it 
Term
Ferdinand I
Definition
  • Hapsburg
  • Liberal indstitutions don't exist
  • abolished serfdom 
Term
Louis Napolean
Definition
  • Declared a hereditary 2nd French Empire
  • got voted for (universal male suffrage)
  • President for life
  • Uncle is Napolean Bonapart 
Term

Louis Blanc

(French)

Definition
  • Socialist
  • National Workshops 
  • end competition or cut throar capitalism
  • political reforms for the working class
  • state should set up government run factories to guarantee full employment
Term
George Wilhelm Frederick Hegel
Definition
  • History goes through a series of class struggle
  • Hegelian Dialectic
  • Thesis--> <--Antithesis = Synthesis

 

Term
Prince Klemens van Metternich
Definition
  • The Age of Metternich
  • Mr. Conservative
  • prevented liberal or national revolution or government
  • chiefs aims were to secure not just victory but peace and stability
  • not to punish France
  • restore old monarchies
  • Bourbon Monarchy in a Conservative Monarchy
  • "When Paris sneezes, Europe catches a cold"
  • Prolaterian will overthrough Bourgeoisie 
Term
Louis Philippe
Definition
  • Duke of Orleans
  • Voted by Bourgeoisie
  • Grants liberal reforms
  • Government is controlled by Bourgeoisie
  • Ignored the needs of the San-Culottes 
Term
Charles X
Definition
  • Lessen influence of middle class
  • Limit the right to vote
  •  Clergy in charge of education
  • Control press
  •  Dismiss Parliament 
Term
Edmund Burke
Definition
  • society exists through continuity
  • natural rights must have historical development
  • society's main right was to be governed by its ruler 
Term
John Stuart Mill
Definition
  • there are higher pleasures and lower pleasures, higher are preferable
  • better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied 
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
  • German born
  • Jewish
  • Atheist
  • Capitalist pigs
  • Marxism or Scientific Socialism
  • Believed his doctrine was completely scientific 
  • All History was a history of class struggle
  • said religion was the opium of the people
  • Communists --> no religion
  • used Dialectical Idealism
  • There would be a violent revolution against the prevailing power of the day
Term
Friedrich Engels
Definition
  • industrialist
  • write Communist Manifesto
  • IR had produced great wealth and great inequality 
Term
Adam Smith
Definition
    • Laissez Faire=leave it alone
    • Invisible Hand= In competition, individual ambition serves the common good
    • Free Markets= "an obvious and simple system of natural liberty" didn't favor the market owner
    • Government had 3 duties
      • Provide defense against foreign invasion
      • Maintain civil order, police
      • Sponsor public works 
    • Against mercantilism because the government gave unfair privileges for state approved monopolies
    • Prices depend on supply and demand
 
 
 
Term

Count Claode Henri de Saint Simon

(French)

Definition
  • private wealth, property should be subjective to a board of directors, not owners
  • management of wealth is not redistribution of wealth but management by experts = no poverty
  • some of the first Feminist debates
  • Saint Simonians were known for advocating sexuality outside of marriage 
Term
Robert Ownens
Definition
  • Self Cotton manufacture
  • industrialist at heart
  • his factory in New Lanark, Scottland
  • created a humane industrial enviornment for his workers and still made good money 
  • good housing, recreation with kids in school
Term

Charles Fourier

(French)

Definition
  • math socialist
  • wanted a cooperative community in a shape of phalanxes with exactly 1620 people on 500 acres doing farming and industry
  • wanted women emancipated (free)
  • marriage was a form of prostitution
  • no marriage or marriage late in life, liberated living, this would equal to no boredom
  • love and sexualy freedom
  • suring the day, workers switched the job they were doing 
Term

Pierre Joseph Proudhon

(French)

Definition
  • wrote "What is Property?" 
  • property was profit stolen from the people
  • workers were the source of all wealth
  • attacked the banking system for not lending to small businesses
  • wanted a country of small businesses
Term
Pope Pius X
Definition
  • Don't touch the Papal States, unification falls apart 
Term
Giuseppi Garibaldi
Definition
  • Defends Rome against the French 
  • With his Red Shirts he takes the kingdom of the Two Siciles but skirt the Papal States for fear of French intervention
Term
Count Camillo Cavour
Definition
  • Architect of Italian Unification 
  • Knew the way to unificate was nationalism and industrialism
  • Meet with Napolean III and agreed to help Piedmont against Austria
Term
Victor Emmanuel II
Definition
  • led the way in Italian unification
  • becomes the 1st King of Italy, 1861

 

Term
Kiaser Wilhelm I
Definition
  • "Hohensollern" Prussia

 

Term
Helmust von Moltke
Definition
  • military genius for Prussian army 
Term
Chancellor otto von Bismarck
Definition
  • Realpolitik
  • "Blood and Iron"
  • Led the way in German Unification with realpolitik
  • Knew it would be Prussian military power "war" (Blood) and Prussian Industry (Iron) that would unite Germany 
  • Going to be a general European War
    1. French trying to take back Alsace-Laorraine
    2. Something out of Europe
    3. Some Damn thing out in the Balkans
  • Kulturkampf
    • anti catholic program
    • takes education and marriage out of the hands of the clergy
    • Jesuits expelled from Germany

 

 

Term
Kiaser Wilhelm II
Definition
  • Divine right of kings
  • Dummy
  • Fired Bismarck

 

Term
Emperor Franz Josef
Definition
  • last of the Hapsburgs
  • Compromise of 1867 
Term

Sigmund Freud

(Austrian Jew)

Definition
  • Very hostile to religion
  • off shoot Romanticism, irrational
  • Freudian Slip: when you say something and mean something else
  • ID: SEX
  • Ego:uncoscience thought
  • Superego:society imposes acceptable behavior on individual (church)
Term
Friedrich Nietzche
Definition
  • no fun
  • attacked rationality, nationalism, science, progress, democracy (social contact)
  • emtional thinking is as important as logical thinking
  • "God is Dead" 
  • Christianity and democracy bredd medicrity
  • the modern christian European attitude had killed him
  • Freeing the mind
  • critical racism and hatred of Jews
Term

Dr. Karl Lugar

(Austrian)

Definition
  • elected mayor of Vienna, Austria in 1897
  • one of the 1st to have raised the banner of Anti-Semitism (Jewish) to get elected
  • used Anit Semitism to rally the petty Bourgeoisie
  • Influenced Adolf Hitler
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