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European History Test 3
Test3
60
History
Undergraduate 1
04/11/2009

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Term
First Triumvirate
Definition
60 BC. Pompey, Crassus and Caesar alliance
Term
Gallic Wars
Definition
58-52 Caesar conquers most of Gual, gets very wealthy from it
Term
Battle of Carrhea
Definition
53 BC Crassus tries to invade Carrhea, his units worn down by horse archers, eventually defeated and murdered.
Term
Marcus Cato the younger
Definition
Term
Battle of Pharsalus
Definition
48 BC Pompey Vs Caesar civil war. In Greece: Caesar wins again, Pompey flees to Egypt and gets assassinated
Term
Death of Pompey
Definition
48 BC Pompey assassinated in egypt by friend, whom gets in trouble on it
Term
Battle of Zela
Definition
Term
Siege of Utica/Cato’s Suicide
Definition
Term
Caesar’s Dictatorship
Definition
Very good other than his 'clemency' (forgiving of opponents) hurt their 'dignitas'. Was assasinated for it
Term
Assassination of Caesar
Definition
44 BC As a result 60 senators conspired, 21 commited the act of killing Caesar. Marcus Junius Brutus
Term
Assassination of Caesar
Definition
44 BC As a result 60 senators conspired, 21 commited the act of killing Caesar. Marcus Junius Brutus
Term
Marcus Junius Brutus
Definition
Involved in Caesars assasination
Term
Mark Antony
Definition
Exploited this opportunity (didn’t take over as dictator) was the only consol. Read his will publicly and found out he wasn’t in it (ouch)
Term
Octavian
Definition
Accepted heir to Caesar; begins spending money and building army. Declares himself consol through force. Then forms triumvirate.
Term
Marcus Lepidus
Definition
Makes a triumvirate with Octavian and Mark Antony
Term
Second Triumvirate
Definition
43 BC Octavian, Lepidus, and Mark Antony. Made large list of perscriptions and armies for themselves.
Term
Battle of Philippi
Definition
42 BC Triumverate vs Cassius and Brutus. Cassius and Brutus both defeated and commit suicide
Term
Cleopatra VII of Egypt
Definition
Term
Battle of Actium
Definition
31 BC Octavian vs Antony. Octavian wins. Gets empire
Term
Settlement of 27 BC
Definition
All providences that required an army given to Augustus. The senate heiled him as Augustus
Term
Julio-Claudians
Definition
Term
Augustus
Definition
27-14 BC Succeded by his son tiberius
Term
Tiberius
Definition
AD 14-37 Didn’t like politics but intervened when something was going on. Didn't do well
Term
Gaius (Caligula)
Definition
37-41 AD Had his family assassinated. Caligula – little boot. Didn’t want the senate to have any power at all
o Ordered a lot of assassinations for treason. Grew ill, became more paranoid. Assassinated by body guard
Term
Claudius
Definition
41-54 AD Responsible for invading Britain. 4th wife was his niece “little Agrippa”. Had her son (Nero) named heir then killed Claudius
Term
Nero
Definition
54-68 AD. Had 2 tutors: chief advisor – Seneca, burrus – head body guardo 64, great roman fire.Pisonian conspiracy – nero killing off political rivals hurting roman literature greatly
Term
Burrus/Seneca
Definition
Term
Flavian Dynasty:
Definition
Term
Jewish Revolt
Definition
66 AD Vespasia puts it down, second temple destroyed by Titus (his son)
Term
Siege of Jerusalem
Definition
69 temple destroyed, causes Jewish people to re-examine themselves
Term
Vespasian
Definition
69-79 General under Nero, takes throne after Jewish revolt and civil war.
Term
Titus
Definition
79-81 AD. Vespasia's son. Everthing bad that could have happened, did. Vesuvoius erupted in pompei and hercilanium. Contracted plague and died
Term
Domitian
Definition
Titus' brother. 81-96 AD. Very talented administrator. Assassinated in 96
Term
Flavian Amphitheater
Definition
Term
Nerva
Definition
96-98 AD Senate adopts or puts their own into emperor. His job was to get a good emperor in
Term
Trajan
Definition
98-117 AD Invaded Germania. Also famous for invasion into Parthia (Mesopotamia)
Term
Dacian Campaign
Definition
Term
Parthian Campaign
Definition
Trajan's reign. Had to stop because of Jewish revolts around the empire. Made famous from it
Term
Hadrian
Definition
117-138 AD. First emperor to adopt a beard. Loved greek culture. Sponsors a renaissance of greek culture . First openly gay emperor
Term
Antoninus Pius
Definition
138-161 Legal genius, knew everything about the law. Plague broke out during his reign ¼ of empire died
Term
Marcus Aurelius
Definition
161-180 AD Excellent general
Wrote ‘meditation’ – on stoicism
Very popular book
Term
Commodus
Definition
180-192. Marcus' Son. Put on a lot of gladiatorial combat. Assassinated in 192, conspiracy with his wife
Term
Septimius Severus
Definition
Term
Julia Domna
Definition
193-211 AD Septimus Servus' wife, Crypto Christian, very wise woman.
Term
Caracalla
Definition
211-217 AD Wanted to make every single person a roman citizen. Assasinated in 217 by his guard who was then assassinated short after
Term
Elagabalus
Definition
218-222 AD Tried to convince that he was carcalla’s biological son. Was chief priest – saw himself as a god. Married a vestal vergin (not supposed to do that). 222 murdered in the streets
Term
Severus Alexander
Definition
Term
Goths
Definition
Goths, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, nomads from the north
Term
Tiberius Gracchus
Definition
133 BC Tiberius Grachus. Elected Tribune of the people (plebean, Land distribution).Finds out that there’s a drop in rual population (This was a miscalculation)
Term
Gaius Gracchus
Definition
123-121 BC Gais Grachhus. Elected tribune in 123. Gets elected again for the second time, very uncommon. Offers land legislation like his brother, also offers citizenship to towns
Term
Gaius Gracchus
Definition
123-121 BC Gais Grachhus. Elected tribune in 123. Gets elected again for the second time, very uncommon. Offers land legislation like his brother, also offers citizenship to towns
Term
Gaius Marius
Definition
Term
Jugurthine War
Definition
111-105 BC Numidian War (Jugurtha). First few years Rome is losing. War eventually gets handed over to Metellus. Marius takes army In 107, pushes deep into Numidia. Had a quaester Sulla who gave Rome their general
Term
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Definition
Hands over Jugurtha in Numidian War. Then elected consul in 88. General of Mithradates war. Makes perscirption lists.
Term
Italian (Social) War (91-88 BC)
Definition
Italian nations rise up after not receiving portions of booty from wars of Rome's conquest.
Term
Mithridates VI of Pontus
Definition
88 BC Mithradates VI invades rome. Kills all romans/Italians in Asia
Term
Gnaeus Pompey
Definition
Defeats Pirates, and spartan army. Annexes Seleucid empire and Jerusalem. Part of 1st triumverate.
Term
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Definition
53 BC Battle of Carrhea gets his butt kicked
Term
Populares vs. Optimates
Definition
Popularates played to popular, optimates to oligarchy. both wealthy
Term
Marcus Cato (the Younger)
Definition
Optimate, aligned with cicero to stop catiline conspircies. Also against sulla's corruption of finances
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