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Europe Terms 1- 30
Europe through the Middle Ages
30
History
10th Grade
05/11/2011

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Term
Balkan Peninsula
Definition
a large peninsula in SE Europe, between the Adriatic and Aegean Seas that has been the site of many ethnic clashes including a clash that led to the start of WWI.
Term
Iberian Peninsula
Definition
a peninsula in SW europe, comprising Spain and Portugal
Term
United Kingdom
Definition
consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: formerly comprising Great Britain and Ireland 1801–1922.
Term
Athens
Definition
AthensGreek city-state known for the birth of democracy.
Term
Sparta
Definition
Greek city-state best known as being a military state in contrast to Athens.
Term
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Definition
great philosophers of Greece which are considered to be the founders of Western thought.
Term
Alexander the Great
Definition
Greek leader who created a Greek empire that rimmed that included part of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and even into India.
Term
Hellenistic Culture
Definition
The society created by blending ideas from all the different parts of Alexander the Great’s Empire. Great example of cultural diffusion.
Term
Plebian
Definition
lower class in the Roman Empire
Term
Patrician
Definition
Upper class land-owners in the Roman Empire
Term
Republic
Definition
Rome’s form of Democracy where eligible voters, vote for representatives to make laws.
Term
Twelve Tables
Definition
Rome’s code of laws that were written down and posted throughout the empire. Often compared to the code of Hammurabi.
Term
Julius Cesar
Definition
Leader of the Roman Empire who ruled the empire as a dictator. The leaders of Rome who followed after Julius became known as Cesar’s.
Term
Pax Romana
Definition
“Roman Peace” – Golden Age of the Roman Empire which included a stable government, cultural diffusion throughout the vast empire and new cultural and scientific achievements.
Term
Byzantine Empire
Definition
The Eastern Half of the Roman Empire that thrived after the collapse of the Western part of the Roman Empire.
Term
Justinian Code
Definition
Code of Laws for the Byzantine Empire often compared to the Twelve Tables and Hammurabi’s Code.
Term
Middle Ages
Definition
The period after the collapse of the Roman Empire (from about 500 to 1450 A.D.) which was characterized by warfare, lack of a central government, feudalism and manorialism.
Term
Charlemagne
Definition
German King who was able to briefly unite large parts of Europe into an empire before he died. Charlemagne is considered the one few bright spots of the Middle Ages.
Term
Feudalism
Definition
The social and political system of the Middle Ages in Europe and Feudal Period in Japan where allegiances and oaths of loyalty are made based on land.
Term
Manorialism
Definition
The economic system of Feudal Periods that are characterized by isolated, self sufficient farming communities created to defend themselves from outsiders.
Term
Serfs
Definition
farmers in the feudal system
Term
Knights
Definition
warriors in the feudal system who are given land by a higher noble in return to help protect the noble and his land. Compared to samurai in Japan.
Term
Noble/Lord
Definition
person who was responsible for land, often gave some land to lesser Knights in return for loyalty and protection.
Term
Domain
Definition
the piece of land that the Lord/Noble kept for themselves and had serfs farm for them.
Term
Chivalry
Definition
code of conduct for the Knight, often compared to Bushido in Japan
Term
Renaissance
Definition
1300 – 1600’s characterized by a rebirth of art and learning in Europe after the Middle Ages
Term
Secularism
Definition
focus on life here on earth instead of a focus on religion
Term
Skepticism
Definition
the doubting of authority
Term
Humanism
Definition
the rejection of religion in favor of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts.
Term
Johann Gutenberg
Definition
creator of the printing press
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